CMCS／PNIPA俳土纳米复合水凝胶的结构与性能

以无机粘土作为交联剂制备了p彤温度双重响应的羧甲基壳聚糖／聚（N－异丙基丙烯酰胺）／粘土半互穿网络（CMCS／PNIPA／Claysemi－IPN）纳米复合水凝胶,对其结构、形态及溶胀行为等进行了研究。实验表明,无机粘土被剥离成纳米尺寸的片层,均匀分散在凝胶网络中,起交联剂的作用,CMCS以线性大分子存在于水凝胶中。CMCS／PNIPA／Clay纳米复合水凝胶在33℃出现体积相转变,与传统PNIPA凝胶一致;当pH值在CMC8的等电点附近时,凝胶的溶胀度出现最小值。     

PVA/P(AA-AM)复合水凝胶的制备及性能

采用水溶液聚合方法合成了不同组成的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物(P(AA-AM))。将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与所合成的P(AA-AM)共混,以戊二醛为交联剂,制备出了不同结构的PVA/P(AA-AM)复合水凝胶。采用扫描电镜观察了凝胶形貌,研究了复合水凝胶的结构与性能关系。结果表明,复合水凝胶溶胀性能与所用交联剂加量有关,复合水凝胶的溶胀度随着交联剂加量增加先增大后减小,在交联剂加量为0.5%时水凝胶溶胀度达到最大值。复合凝胶中的聚合物组成对溶胀度影响显著,随着P(AA-AM)含量提高,水凝胶的溶胀度逐渐增大。适当结构的复合水凝胶具有pH敏感性,敏感程度随着凝胶中P(AA-AM)含量的增加而增强。     

不同条件对PVA/CS复合水凝胶溶胀性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)为原料,戊二醛为交联剂,制备出PVA/CS复合水凝胶载体材料,改变PVA/CS的质量配比、交联剂含量、pH值和温度,考察了不同条件下对复合水凝胶溶胀性能的影响.结果表明,当PVA/CS质量比为3:1、交联剂体积分数为4%时所合成凝胶的溶胀性能较好;随着温度的升高,溶胀度不断减小;凝胶在酸性条件的溶胀性能远远优于碱性条件的溶胀性能.     

高强度温敏性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/SiO_2纳米复合水凝胶的制备表征及形状记忆行为

使用3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)对Si O2纳米粒子(SNPs)进行表面改性,获得带有双键的功能化Si O2纳米粒子(F-SNPs),然后将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)在F-SNPs分散液中原位自由基聚合,获得了高强度的PNIPA/Si O2纳米复合水凝胶(FS-NC gel)。力学性能测试与溶胀实验结果表明,与使用有机交联剂和未功能化的Si O2纳米粒子交联的水凝胶相比,FS-NC gel的力学性质明显提高,其拉伸强度和压缩强度最高可达205 k Pa和7.8 MPa,同时保持了PNIPA纳米复合水凝胶的快速响应性和温度敏感性。此外,水凝胶还表现出水驱动的形状记忆行为。     

高强度Poly(AM-co-IA)/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶的制备及形状记忆行为EI北大核心CSCD

以氧化铝(Al_2O_3)纳米粒子作为无机交联剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)和衣康酸(IA)为单体,原位自由基聚合制备了高强度PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶,并提出了水凝胶的交联机理。对纳米复合水凝胶的力学性质、微观结构和溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的水凝胶具有优异力学性能,拉伸和压缩强度分别可达477 k Pa和13.45 MPa。此外,PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶还表现出透明的外观,规整的网络结构,较低的溶胀率以及水驱动的形状记忆行为。因此,这种水凝胶在生物医学领域有广阔的应用前景。     

高强度Poly(AM-co-IA)/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶的制备及形状记忆行为

以氧化铝(Al_2O_3)纳米粒子作为无机交联剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)和衣康酸(IA)为单体,原位自由基聚合制备了高强度PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶,并提出了水凝胶的交联机理。对纳米复合水凝胶的力学性质、微观结构和溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的水凝胶具有优异力学性能,拉伸和压缩强度分别可达477 k Pa和13.45 MPa。此外,PAI/Al_2O_3纳米复合水凝胶还表现出透明的外观,规整的网络结构,较低的溶胀率以及水驱动的形状记忆行为。因此,这种水凝胶在生物医学领域有广阔的应用前景。     

分步合成羧甲基纤维素/聚丙烯酸甲酯pH敏感互穿网络水凝胶及其表征

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)为互穿物,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,采用互穿网络(IPN)聚合分步合成法在乙醇的水溶液中合成出具有互穿网络结构的水凝胶。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和热重分析等表征了聚合物的互穿网络结构。pH溶胀实验结果表明,该水凝胶具有比较明显的pH敏感性,当pH在8.0左右,复合水凝胶的溶胀率达到了最大值,且随着CMC/PMA复合水凝胶中2种组分比例的不同,溶胀率有明显的差异。     

Poly(DMAEMA-co-VP)/Fe_3O_4纳米复合水凝胶的制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)、4-乙烯基吡啶(VP)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,在Fe_3O_4纳米粒子分散液中原位共聚制备了具有温度、pH、磁场三重响应性的纳米复合水凝胶。对纳米复合水凝胶的溶胀性能、温敏性、pH敏感性、磁场响应性等性能进行了研究,进而考察了纳米复合水凝胶对重金属离子(Cu~(2+))的吸附脱附行为。结果表明,纳米复合水凝胶具有良好的温敏性、pH敏感性和磁场响应性,并且对重金属离子(Cu~(2+))有可逆的吸附-脱附作用。     

木聚糖/多壁碳纳米管复合水凝胶的制备及性能

以木聚糖和改性碳纳米管为原料,采用半互穿网络方法制备了一系列不同碳纳米管含量的木聚糖/多壁碳纳米管复合水凝胶;利用扫描电镜及红外光谱对凝胶的微观结构及化学结构进行了表征,研究了碳纳米管的含量对凝胶的微观结构及力学性能的影响,考察了凝胶的pH敏感性以及碳纳米管含量和交联剂用量对溶胀率的影响,研究了该凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为。结果表明,随着改性碳纳米管含量的增加,凝胶的抗压性能提高,溶胀率先增大后减小,但交联剂用量的增加会使凝胶溶胀率明显减小。改性碳纳米管的引入使凝胶的pH敏感性增强、孔径均匀、吸附性能提高。吸附研究表明该木聚糖/多壁碳纳米管复合水凝胶是一种良好的阳离子吸附剂。     

交联方式对半乳糖基温敏凝胶结构和性能的影响

为改善传统化学交联水凝胶的低力学性能、透明度、溶胀度和生物相容性, 以无机纳米粒子硅酸镁锂(LMSH)作为物理交联剂, 半乳糖氨基化的丙烯酸衍生物(GAC)作为生物相容性单体, N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为功能单体, 采用原位自由基聚合制备得到兼具温度敏感性和生物相容性的纳米复合水凝胶poly(NIPAM-LMSH-GAC)。结果表明: LMSH在水凝胶基体中被完全剥离, 并起到交联作用; 相比于传统化学交联剂制备的此类水凝胶, 所得物理交联的纳米复合水凝胶具有更高的溶胀度、良好的温敏性、优异的脉冲响应性, 但鼠成纤细胞(L929)在纳米复合水凝胶表面的细胞数量略低; 物理交联剂LMSH的使用和一定量的GAC的使用并没有明显改变水凝胶的体积相转变温度(VPTT), 仍保持在33℃左右。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to