Adaptive viewpoints for co-browsing on heterogeneous devices

Co-browsing is an activity in which a group of users navigate their way through of a set of Web pages together for a shared purpose. Effective co-browsing among users with different device capabilities requires a shared understanding of those Web pages. This paper demonstrates the concept of shared viewpoints (SVPs), and personal viewpoints (PVPs), for co-browsing, before detailing a framework for implementing these concepts. Finally, the effectiveness of the framework is presented through a perceptual experiment.     

Hash routing for collections of shared Web caches

Shared Web caches, also referred to as proxy Web servers, allow multiple clients to quickly access a pool of popular Web pages. An organization that provides shared caching to its Web clients will typically have a collection of shared caches rather than just one. For collections of shared caches, it is desirable to coordinate the caches so that all cached pages in the collection are shared among the organization's clients. In this article we investigate two classes of protocols for coordinating a collection of shared caches: the ICP protocol, which has caches ping each other to locate a cached object; and the hash routing protocols, which place objects in the shared caches as a function of the objects' URLs. Our contribution is twofold. First, we compare the performance of the protocols with respect to cache-server overhead and object retrieval latency; for a collection of shared caches, our analysis shows that the hash-routing schemes have significant performance advantages over ICP for both of the performance metrics. The existing hash-routing protocols assume that the cache servers are homogeneous in storage capacity and processing capability, even though most collections of cache servers are vastly heterogeneous. Our second contribution is to extend a robust hash-routing scheme so that it balances requests among the caches according to any desired distribution; the extended hash-routing scheme is robust in the face of cache failures, is tunable for heterogeneous caches, and can have significant performance advantages over ICP     

面向异构网管理的多级中间件体系

为了减少异构网网络管理方面所付出的代价，继续利用各专业子网已有的网络基础设施并对其进行跨域管理，提出了一种多级网络管理体系。该体系模型以面向对象、中问件技术为核心．利用CORBA的IDL接口封装网元层元素，将本地各专业子网抽象为分布式对象，使用CORBA平台完成对象问的互连。中问层使用CORBA/Web Services复合代理，上层则由Web Services直接联入Intemet。授权用户可在Intemet任意一点应用GUI终端（浏览器）访问网络系统，对异构网下层网元元素进行网络管理。     

Interface lift [user interface]

This paper discusses the advent of new types of user interfaces that are designed not just for office workers but for a wide variety of users with special needs. While the interface for documents, folders and menus that is familiar to computer users today was a huge breakthrough compared with the command-driven interface that preceded it, it is by no means the most efficient way of handling information. Three interface categories are emerging. First is the browser interface, perhaps not the most efficient tool for a particular task, but with it users can move easily from one computer to another. Second is the special purpose interface for navigating large collections of information such as the Web. And finally, there are a variety of interfaces that computer users are beginning to acquire from both established and new companies for managing their own collections of information.     

Web服务应用接口系统的开发研究

随着Web 服务技术的不断成熟,其在异构系统集成应用中的优势逐渐显现,基于Web服务的应用集成技术成为企业信息系统研究的热点。使用方便、实用的Web服务应用接口,也成了互联网通信技术的发展趋势。文中对这一关键技术进行了研究,取得了初步理论与软件成果。另外,文中深入研究了Web服务的基本原理与实现技术、基于Web服务的应用系统集成技术、Web服务应用接口系统的开发原理与技术,提出了一套 Web 服务开发方法、Web 服务应用接口系统的模型框架。在理论研究的基础上,基于Microsoft.NET2003环境,文中还实现了基于模式引导的应用接口包装器的生成与维护软件,其可为不同的应用系统提供Web服务的应用接口,方便客户端调用,还可以简化Web服务应用的编程过程,提高了应用系统开发效率。     

Building Grid Portal Applications From a Web Service Component Architecture

This work describes an approach to building Grid applications based on the premise that users who wish to access and run these applications prefer to do so without becoming experts on Grid technology. We describe an application architecture based on wrapping user applications and application workflows as Web services and Web service resources. These services are visible to the users and to resource providers through a family of Grid portal components that can be used to configure, launch, and monitor complex applications in the scientific language of the end user. The applications in this model are instantiated by an application factory service. The layered design of the architecture makes it possible for an expert to configure an application factory service with a custom user interface client that may be dynamically loaded into the portal.     

基于查询接口特征的Deep Web数据源自动分类

搜索引擎可以很好地搜索出大部分可索引页面，然而，Internet上有大量的页面是由后台数据库动态产生的．传统的搜索引擎搜索不出这部分页面，我们称之为Deep Web。其中大部分Deep Web是结构化的，它提供结构化的查询接口和结构化的结果。把这些结构化的Deep Web数据源按所属领域进行组织可以方便用户浏览这些有价值的资源．并且这也是大规模Deep Web集成搜索的一个关键步骤。提出了一种基于查询接口特征的Deep Web数据源自动分类方法．并通过实验验证该方法是非常有效的。     

An Intelligent Telephony Interface of Multiagent Decision Support Systems

ExtraPlanT is a multiagent production planning system designed for small and medium-sized enterprises with project-oriented production. In order to make the results of the system available even to users who are located away from the enterprise, it has been equipped with the possibility of remote access-a Web and telephony interface. The multiagent design of the ExtraPlanT makes the integration of these interfaces robust and simple. The telephony interface uses VoiceXML technology so that it can be built without extensive knowledge of speech processing. The interface also uses innovative techniques to overcome the common disadvantages of speech as a medium for machine output.     

基于代理的虚拟实验室系统

为了克服传统虚拟实验室由于访问接口不统一而造成的访问成本较高的缺陷,本文提出了基于代理的虚拟实验室的概念,统一了资源的访问.并且,本文给出了一个基于代理的虚拟实验室的设计方案,通过容器代理、视图代理、通信代理、服务代理、资源代理、仿真代理,使得系统能够有效集成和管理现有的资源,且具有良好的可扩展性.通过统一的公共接口,使不同的资源甚至是没有任何公共特征的资源都能够通过同一个虚拟实验室服务器而被共享.     

Speech-Aware Multimedia

Computer users have long desired a personal software agent that could execute verbal commands. Today's World Wide Web (WWW or Web), with its point and click hypertext interface, makes a tremendous amount of information readily available online. A speech interface would make the Web even more powerful, allowing us to access information by surfing the Web by voice. TI have developed Speech Aware Multimedia (SAM) with this in mind, to make information on the Web more accessible and useful. They combined an innovative speech recognition engine with the Web to let anyone browse arbitrary Web pages using only speech as the input medium. Speech brings added flexibility and power to the classical Web interface and makes information access more natural. Today's speech recognition capability is well matched to Web browsing. The Web page provides a natural, well defined context for a speech recognition application. The recognition engine does not need to recognize any and all possible phrases, but only those phrases pertaining to the specific page in view at the moment. This context imposes limits that significantly aid recognition performance. Furthermore, the visual information on a page prompts the user on what to request and how to request it by voice     

一种新的面向广域Web服务器集群的动态负载平衡算法

由于地理意义上的分散性和系统的动态变化性,群集间的负载分配成为了一个棘手的问题.首先给出了一种多量纲参数的融合策略,然后提出了一种动态负载平衡算法.通过对广域Web服务器集群环境建立数学模型,设计并实现了试验平台.仿真结果表明,该算法可以满足系统的负载平衡需求,因此较大程度地减少重定向引起的延时以及提高系统的准入概率.     

基于第三代网站建设智能系统的研究

网站建设经历了3个阶段。第一代是运用一般的网页制作软件来制作，但需专业人员实现；第二代是对网站内容需经常更新的栏目采用数据库管理，但维护较麻烦；第三代是用户通过网站开发智能系统，能方便快捷地开发和管理自己的网站，自己定义网站的框架内容，并能随时升级网站的功能，解决了每个客户都需要的网站前台界面个性化需求，从而打造适合用户自身的商务网站。     

The Computational Chemistry Prototyping Environment

Evolving technologies, as exemplified by computational grids and Web services, have made it possible to solve new scientific problems that would not have been feasible previously. In order to make such advances available to the community in general and to be able to solve new problems, not necessarily from the same discipline, it is imperative to build tools that provide a common user interface in order that application programmers and users do not have to be concerned with particulars of Web services and their underlying code, computational platforms, or with data file formats. We will describe our efforts in creating a computational chemistry environment that encompasses a general scientific workflow environment, a domain specific example for quantum chemistry, our ongoing design of a workflow user interface, and our efforts at database integration.     

Bandwidth Allocation Strategies in Wide-Band Integrated Networks

A common digital transmission facility in a wide-band integrated service digital network (ISDN) provides shared access to a community of heterogeneous users. Traffic demands from these users vary in their arrival rate, their service time, and their bit rate. In order for this type of communication system to handle its traffic demands with high efficiency and flexibility, a close control of access to the shared bandwidth is required. We model the system by a general multiserver queueing system where customers demand service from a random number of servers. If no waiting is allowed, this queueing model is readily analyzed, and various server allocation strategies can be studied. If the various access requests are queued for service, then the system calls for efficient strategies for allocating servers to waiting customers. In this case, exact analysis of the underlying queueing model becomes quite difficult. For this case, we present some analytic and simulation results of the performance of the system under several server allocation policies.     

Designing for learnability in human-robot communication

In a future scenario where many devices can be controlled using the voice, easy and intuitive access will be crucial for avoiding cognitive overload when users are faced with many different systems and interaction models. We propose a model for interaction with spoken language interfaces applied to heterogeneous tasks for service robots, based on the idea of using a family of lifelike characters. We argue that we can signal important features of the speech interface by using certain visual cues. The aim is to facilitate learning and transfer between interfaces. We discuss challenges for dialogue design affecting learnability in the light of the speech interface constructed for our full-scale robot prototype CERO.     

Privacy-aware RBAC model for web services composition

Web services collaborative environments are highly automatic, dynamic, and heterogeneous. These characteristics always lead to high risks of services for interaction participants. Hence, it becomes one of the most important things to guarantee that the private information in cross-domain services is not illegally collected, used, disclosed or stored when the Web services are required to combine secure composition. This paper proposes the privacy-aware role based access control model for Web services composition (WSC-PRBAC), which provides protection for private data of users in composite service. The element services are divided into local services and outside services. Because the local service is authorized by users, it is exactly different from other services in the composition. To avoid sending private information to other outside services directly, we define global roles to help access these data in local service. Using global roles can realize a more strict control of the private data. In the end, the experiment and analysis of the proposed model show its and efficiency.     

异构无线网络中的共享载波垂直网络转换算法

为了提高异构无线网络的频谱利用率,将认知无线电中合作动态频谱分配(DSA)的思想应用于以基站和用户为基本单元的异构无线网络,将多模终端用户垂直切换的思想引入基站侧,提出了异构无线网络中的共享载波垂直网络转换(SCVNT)算法。理论分析与仿真实验表明,SCVNT算法可有效提高异构无线网络的总体信道利用率,改善资源分配的公平性,并可实现平滑升级,具有较高的应用价值。     

针对3G上网用户的无线网络加速系统

随着3G上网业务的不断发展,越来越多的用户使用3G网络移动上网,这样会导致无线资源紧张,影响用户的使用体验,同时也给移动网络带来了沉重的负担。针对这一问题开发了针对3G移动上网用户Web应用的无线网络加速系统,该系统使用缓存和数据压缩技术,可以通过单向透明或者双向透明2种无客户端的方式部署在移动数据网到互联网的出口位置,以便于产品的推广使用。对该系统进行的现网测试包括单用户测试和现网流量测试两个部分,测试结果表明,使用无线网络加速系统大幅度减少移动上网用户的Web页面打开时间,从而提高了用户体验;同时使用该系统后,对于移动用户的Web应用产生的流量,在网络出口一侧和无线接入网一侧,能实现16%以上的流量节省。     

Efficiency of Market-Based Resource Allocation among Many Participants

Market mechanisms have been suggested in the last few years as a tool for allocating shared networks resources among several competing users. In this paper, we consider the efficiency loss of such mechanisms in the presence of a large number of users. We model the user interactions as a game with a heterogeneous population of players characterized by random utility functions. If the utility functions are bounded, then the non-cooperative equilibrium are nearly as efficient as the social optimum with high probability when the number of users is large. This efficiency result holds for a single link with a fixed or an increasing capacity. Using a standard probabilistic analysis, we show that the efficiency loss incurred by the market mechanism decreases almost exponentially in the number of users. If, however, the utility functions are not bounded, then the loss of efficiency does not converge to zero. We also provide results for networks by sampling the users at random based on their paths.