猪骨素提取工艺研究

试验以猪骨为原料,对高温高压提取猪骨骨素的工艺条件进行了研究.通过考察提取温度,提取时间,料液比以及泄压频率四个主要因素,设计单因素和正交试验,得出高温高压法提取猪骨骨素的优化工艺条件,结果表明:提取温度是135 ℃,提取时间100 min,料液比1∶4,泄压频率1次/40 min,即是每间隔40 min泄压1次,猪骨素出品率能够达到最好的水平.     

不同的提取工艺对鸡骨素出品率的影响

通过正交试验,研究了不同工艺参数对鸡骨素出品率的影响.结果表明:提取温度为135℃,提取时间为60min,在4min之内将压力从0.32MPa降至0.10MPa,然后继续升温,每35min泄压一次,即在60min的时间内泄压一次半(第二次泄压完后不再升温,直接压抽)时,鸡骨素出品率能够达到最好的水平.     

鸽骨营养物抽提工艺研究

试验以鸽骨为原料,对高温高压抽提鸽骨营养物的工艺条件进行了研究。通过考察抽提温度、抽提时间以及泄压频率三个主要因素,设计单因素和正交试验,得出高温高压法抽提鸽骨营养物的优化工艺条件,结果表明:抽提温度是120℃,抽提时间120 min,泄压频率1次/60 min,即是每间隔60 min泄压1次,鸽骨营养物抽提量能够达到试验目的。     

酶解提取鸡鲜骨骨素工艺研究

采用正交试验法研究酶解提取鸡鲜骨骨素工艺,以操作简单、符合企业实际情况的可溶性固形物检测指标为测量指标,确定了碱性蛋白酶酶解提取鲜骨骨素工艺条件:温度60℃,时间3h,加酶量0.16%,加水量120g/100g样品。     

鸡骨渣高压蒸煮提取鸡骨素的工艺优化

以鸡骨渣为原料,测定其营养成分及含量,通过单因素及正交试验优化鸡骨素高压蒸煮提取的工艺条件,研究蒸煮温度、蒸煮时间及料液比3个因素对鸡骨提取液蛋白质提取率及感官综合评分的影响。结果表明:鸡骨渣低脂,蛋白、钙磷等含量高,营养非常丰富;鸡骨素高压蒸煮提取的最佳条件为:蒸煮温度120℃、蒸煮时间3 h、料液比1∶2.5(m∶V)。该条件下所得鸡骨提取液平均蛋白质得率23.68%、感官综合评分86.33均最高,营养和风味较好。     

效应面法优选甜茶素提取工艺

为了甜茶素的工业化生产,在甜茶叶中提取甜茶素的单因素试验基础上,采用效应面法优选出甜茶素的提取工艺参数,建立关于甜茶素提取率的二项式拟合方程,得到的最佳提取工艺参数:乙醇体积分数54.45%,提取温度70.21℃,液料比15.13 m L/g,提取时间2.1 h,甜茶素提取率的预测值3.615 3%。同时为了检验此工艺条件在实际工业生产中的可靠性,改进工艺条件为:提取温度70℃,乙醇体积分数55%,提取时间2.0 h,液料比15 m L/g,得到甜茶素提取率的实际值与其二项式拟合方程的预测值偏差仅为1.24%。故效应面法优选出的甜茶素的提取工艺参数,方法简便、可靠。     

超声辅助提取肇实壳棕色素的研究

以废弃的肇实壳为原料,通过单因素试验研究料液比、NaOH质量浓度和提取时间三种因素对肇实壳棕色素提取的影响,然后采用正交试验进行优化提取肇实壳棕色素的工艺参数,结果表明,最优工艺参数为料液比1︰25(g/m L),NaOH质量浓度0.008 g/m L,提取时间25 min,此条件下测得吸光度为1.456%±0.053%。     

利用蒸汽爆破技术提取鸡骨中营养物质

以鸡骨为原料,研究了蒸汽爆破技术提取鸡骨中营养物质的工艺。影响蒸汽爆破技术提取鸡骨架中营养物质的因素主要有:蒸汽压力、保压时间。以蛋白质提取率、脂肪提取率和感官评价为指标,确定蒸汽爆破处理技术提取鸡骨架中营养物质的最佳工艺条件为:蒸汽压力2. 4MPa、恒压时间680s。     

辣椒中红色素的提取工艺研究

辣椒红色素是一种优质的天然红色素,在医药、食品、轻工业等行业具有广泛的应用价值。本文以干辣椒作为原料,研究了在色素提取过程中,采用碱液脱除辣素的方法以及在色素提取中对不同有机溶剂、不同提取条件和不同提取方法进行比较,探讨了影响色素得率和脱除辣素的工艺条件。通过感官鉴定的方法确定了除辣的最佳条件:用15%NaOH溶液在90℃下浸泡1.5h可基本上脱除辣椒粉中的辣素。确定了用乙酸乙酯浸提,超声法精提干红辣椒的最佳条件。第一步浸提:每次提取时间为3h,提取温度为30℃,提取辣椒所用的溶剂量为25ml/g,提取次数3次。第二步超声法:液固比(V/m)为12:1,超声时间为1h。色素的除辣效果明显,红色素的得率为:3.67%。     

真空气流细胞破壁技术对橄榄总黄酮提取的影响

以橄榄为原料,通过单因素及Box-Benhnken中心组合法研究橄榄切片厚度、质构保护液浓度及真空气流细胞破壁技术(VAPB)对橄榄总黄酮提取率及破果率的影响。结果表明,切片橄榄最适宜厚度为4~5 mm;质构保护最佳处理工艺为:首先在浓度为0.20 g/100 m L的海藻酸钠溶液中浸泡20 min,接着在浓度为0.15 g/100 m L的氯化钙溶液中浸泡60 min;真空气流细胞破壁前处理最佳工艺为:泄压温度110℃、压力差122 k Pa、停滞时间16 min、泄压重复次数3次;最后采用亚临界水提取,其总黄酮提取率为64.93%,破果率20.60%,相比切片后直接进行亚临界水提取对照组,总黄酮提取率提高了21.23%,而破果率仅增加了3.89%。提取过总黄酮的橄榄切片79.40%结构保持完整,可以作为广式凉果原料。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press