决定晶体硅太阳电池工作状态的独立参量的确定

从晶体硅太阳电池功率全微分方程出发,结合开路电压和功率随温度、日照变化的实验事实,研究 影响晶体硅太阳电池工作状态的各参量的独立性。从数学上确定出其独立变量为日照强度、电池温度和负载, 并得出了串联内阻是温度的函数的结论。串联内阻的实验数据验证了理论分析结果的正确性。     

选择性发射极多晶硅太阳电池性能分析

研究了采用喷蜡蜡线掩膜和丝印银线结合制作太阳电池选择性发射极印刷的特点,并通过实验对比分析,得出了选择性发射极太阳能电池相比常规电池:短路电流高了0.032A,开路电压提高了0.003V,串联电阻降低了0.16mΩ,填充因子提高了0.02,转换效率提高了0.16%。此外,SE电池各电性能参数比常规电池的电性能参数更稳定。     

太阳能电池I-V特性检测技术研究

介绍了一款嵌入式手持触屏型太阳能电池I-V特性测试仪的设计。该测试仪选用ARM920体系芯片S3C2440,具有高性能、低功耗、高集成度的优点。选择合适的太阳模拟光源,可用于太阳电池单体和组件的I-V特性测试,获得太阳电池开路电压、短路电流、输出功率和电池效率等特征参数。     

T型发射区单晶硅太阳电池的输出特性研究

利用TCAD半导体器件仿真软件对具有T型发射区结构的单晶硅太阳电池进行了仿真研究。全面系统地分析了在不同衬底少子寿命情况下,不同T型发射区深度对太阳电池外量子效率、短路电流密度、开路电压、填充因子及转换效率的影响。仿真结果表明:采用T型发射区结构可在一定程度上提高常规均匀发射区太阳电池的电学性能;T型发射区结构对700~1200nm长波段入射光的外量子效率具有明显的改善作用;当衬底少子寿命一定时,太阳电池短路电流密度、填充因子均随T型发射区深度的增大而增大,而开路电压随T型发射区深度的增大而减小;当T型发射区深度大于80μm时,对于低衬底少子寿命的单晶硅太阳电池,T型发射区结构对其转换效率的改善效果最为显著。     

从参考太阳电池到太阳电池组件的量值传递技术研究

为实现太阳电池光电参数测量条件的一致性,进而保证测量数据的准确性、实验室间测量数据比对及互认的公正性,该文通过对太阳电池的开路电压温度修正、短路电流温度修正、太阳辐照强度修正等量值传递技术的研究,完成参考太阳电池在标准状态(STC)下的量值传递到室外自然环境下的太阳电池组件,实现对非标准条件下太阳电池组件光电参数的STC修正。太阳电池组件修正后的开路电压值、短路电流值与STC条件下的开路电压值、短路电流值相对偏差分别为-0.95%、0.58%。该量值传递技术及其方法为非STC条件下太阳电池组件光电参数实验室间比对及互认提供可能。     

标准太阳电池标定值计量方法研究

基于差分光谱响应度法搭建了标准太阳电池标定值校准装置,分析了标准太阳电池绝对光谱响应度随电池温度和偏置光辐照度的变化关系,通过数值拟合得到太阳电池短路电流与偏置电流的关系,实现太阳电池标定值测量不确定度1.2%(k=2)。搭建了标准太阳电池标定值户外计量装置,实现测量不确定度2.38%(k=2)。差分光谱响应度法与户外总辐射法测量结果比对的比率值为0.95,表明2种方法测量结果在不确定范围内量值等效。     

太阳电池片分选机Ⅰ-Ⅴ测量仪校准方法研究

太阳电池片分选机中的Ⅰ-Ⅴ测量仪是测定太阳电池片最大发电功率和转换效率的电学设备,其校准和修正系数直接影响到电池片成品的最大功率测量和档次划分。太阳电池片制造企业对电池片分选机连续工作的要求很高,因此需要对分选机Ⅰ-Ⅴ测量仪进行快速校准。本文提出了一种比较法的校准方法,并评估了测量不确定度。校准时,不需要要更改Ⅰ-Ⅴ测量仪的接线和测量结构,只需要将本校准方法的电流和电压测量设备分别连接到现成的测量点上,利用产线上的一片太阳电池片,使用分选机的Ⅰ-Ⅴ测量仪以及校准装置同时测量太阳电池片的短路电流和开路电压,然后将两组数据进行比较,得到修正系数。由于被校准的Ⅰ-Ⅴ测量仪和校准装置是对太阳电池片同时测量,消除了校准过程中受光伏产线环境的影响。测量不确定度评估结果为短路电流校准结果的相对扩展不确定度为0.46%(k=2),开路电压校准结果的相对扩展不确定度为0.78%(k=2)。该方法在各大光伏制造企业以及本单位同类设备的校准中应用情况良好,能满足光伏行业对相关应用的需求。     

高效单晶硅太阳电池基区结构设计与参数优化

首先利用TCAD半导体器件仿真软件全面系统地分析了在不同少子寿命的情况下,基区电阻率对常规P型单晶硅太阳电池输出特性的影响。然后基于对仿真结果的分析,提出一种具有非均匀基区的单晶硅太阳电池结构,并对其输出特性进行了仿真研究。结果表明:当少子寿命一定时,存在最优的基区电阻率,使得常规电池的转换效率最大;随着少子寿命的减小,电池最优的基区电阻率减小;提高基区电阻率有利于常规电池长波段量子效率和短路电流的提高,但同时会降低电池的开路电压和填充因子;当少子寿命较低时,非均匀基区结构不具有提高常规电池转换效率的作用。但当少子寿命增大到一定值时,通过优化非均匀基区的表面浓度,非均匀基区结构可有效改善常规电池的电学性能。     

聚苯胺太阳电池的研究

本文利用聚苯胺和聚苯胺复合材料与n型硅制备了有机p-n异质结太阳电池,对电池的伏安特性、开路电压、短路电流和稳定性进行了表征和分析,对电池的机理进行了探讨,分析了影响聚苯胺p-n异质结电池特性的各种因素,得到了一些很有意义的结果.     

非晶硅太阳电池窗口层材料掺硼非晶金刚石的研究

以固态掺杂方式利用过滤阴极真空电弧技术制备掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜, 获得性能优良的宽带隙p型半导体材料, 再利用等离子增强化学气相沉积技术制备p-i-n结构非晶硅太阳电池的本征层和n型层, 最终制成以掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜为窗口层的非晶硅太阳电池. 利用Lambda950紫外-可见光分光光度计表征薄膜的光学带隙, 并测试电池开路电压、短路电流、填充因子以及转化效率等参数, 再分析电池的光谱响应特性. 实验表明, 掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜的光学带隙(～2.0eV)比p型非晶硅更宽, 以掺硼非晶金刚石薄膜用作非晶硅太阳电池的窗口层, 能够改善电池的光谱响应特征, 并提高转化效率达10%以上.     

Facile fabrication of Si nanowire arrays for solar cell application

Large-area Si nanowire arrays have been fabricated on phosphorus doped Si surface by a facile silver-catalyzed chemical etching process. The solar cell incorporated with Si nanowire arrays shows a power conversion efficiency of 6.69% with an open circuit voltage of 558 mV and a short circuit current density of 25.13 mA/cm2 under AM 1.5 G illumination without using any extra antireflection layer and surface passivation technique. The high power conversion efficiency of Si nanowires based-solar cell is attributed to the low reflectance loss of Si nanowire arrays for incident sunlight. Optimization of electrical contact and phosphorus diffusion process will be critical to improve the performance of Si nanowires-based solar cell in the future.     

晶体硅太阳电池最大功率下负载的函数表达

从实际的晶体硅太阳电池电路基本方程出发，推导出晶体硅太阳电池最大功率下负载的函数表达。与传统的电工电路不同，太阳电池电路最大功率点下的负载大于太阳电池内阻，并随着温度的升高，其比值逐渐降低。实验结果与理论吻合。     

Small-molecule solar cells-status and perspectives

In this paper we focus on the current status of organic solar cells based on small molecules. Since their discovery, much progress has been made, and the main steps are highlighted that led to the current state-of-the-art devices. However, organic solar cells still need to be improved further, and the main strategies for improving the power conversion efficiency, namely raising the open circuit voltage V(oc) and increasing the short circuit current density J(sc), are discussed. In theory, power conversion efficiencies of around 15% should be possible with a single heterojunction; for higher efficiencies, stacked solar cell concepts have to be employed.     

Relationship between trapping density and open circuit voltage in multicrystalline silicon solar cells

Minority carrier trapping frequently exists in solar grade multicrystalline silicon. At low illumination levels, the effect of trapping centers on open circuit voltage of multicrystalline silicon solar cells is dependent on the trap density and illumination level. In this paper, the relation between trapping density and open circuit voltage of multicrystalline silicon solar cells at different illumination levels is studied by a series of experiments. The experimental evidence suggests that the effect of trapping on open circuit voltage of multicrystalline silicon solar cells is obvious at carrier injection levels equal to and below the trap density, the trapping effect of multicrystalline silicon can be reflected by measuring open circuit voltage at low illumination levels, instead of complicated lifetime measurements, and some multicrystalline silicon solar cells with higher trap densities have higher open-circuit voltages at weak illumination levels. The measurement and analysis of the trapping effect is a relative tool to diagnose the quality of multicrystalline silicon, so a new method is presented to analyze relative quality of multicrystalline silicon by measuring open circuit voltage at weak illumination levels.     

Arylamine-based squaraine donors for use in organic solar cells

Squaraine (SQ) dyes are notable for their exceptionally high absorption coefficients extending from the green to the near-infrared. In this work, we utilize the functionalized SQ donor: 2,4-bis [4-(N-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (1-NPSQ) by substitution of isobutylamines in the common "parent SQ" with arylamines to improve stacking and hence exciton and charge transport. The strong electron-withdrawing arylamine group results in a highest occupied molecular orbital energy of 5.3 eV, compared to 5.1 eV for the parent SQ, making 1-NPSQ a suitable donor when used with a C(60) acceptor in an organic photovoltaic cell. Optimized and thermally annealed, nanocrystalline heterojunction 1-NPSQ/C(60)/bathocuproine solar cells with an open circuit voltage of 0.90 ± 0.01 V, fill factor of 0.64 ± 0.01, and short circuit current of 10.0 ± 1.1 mA/cm(2) at 1 sun, AM1.5G illumination (solar spectrally corrected) result in a power conversion efficiency of 5.7 ± 0.6%. Crystallograpnic data suggest that the intermolecular stacking of 1-NPSQ molecules is closer than that of the parent SQ, thereby reducing the device series resistance and increasing its fill factor.     

Broadband photovoltaic effect of n-type topological insulator Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Te<Subscript>3</Subscript> films on p-type Si substrates

We report the photovoltaic effects of n-type topological insulator (TI) Bi2Te3 films grown on p-type Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The films containing large nanoplates with a smooth surface formed on p-Si exhibit good p-n diode characteristics under dark and light illumination conditions and display a good photovoltaic effect under the broadband range from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths.Under the light illumination with a wavelength of 1,000 nm,a short circuit current (Isc) of 19.2 μA and an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 235 mV are achieved.The maximum fill factor (FF) increases with a decrease in the wavelength or light density,achieving a value of 35.6％ under 600 nm illumination.The photoresponse of the n-Bi2Te3/p-Si device can be effectively switched between the on and off modes in millisecond time scale.These findings are important for both the fundamental understanding and solar cell device applications of TI materials.     

High efficiency graphene solar cells by chemical doping

We demonstrate single layer graphene/n-Si Schottky junction solar cells that under AM1.5 illumination exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.6%. This performance, achieved by doping the graphene with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, exceeds the native (undoped) device performance by a factor of 4.5 and is the highest PCE reported for graphene-based solar cells to date. Current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and external quantum efficiency measurements show the enhancement to be due to the doping-induced shift in the graphene chemical potential that increases the graphene carrier density (decreasing the cell series resistance) and increases the cell's built-in potential (increasing the open circuit voltage) both of which improve the solar cell fill factor.     

Single wire radial junction photovoltaic devices fabricated using aluminum catalyzed silicon nanowires

Single nanowire radial junction solar cell devices were fabricated using Si nanowires synthesized by Al-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth of the p(+) core (Al auto-doping) and thin film deposition of the n(+)-shell at temperatures below 650 °C. Short circuit current densities of 11.7 mA cm(-2) were measured under 1-sun AM1.5G illumination, showing enhanced optical absorption. The power conversion efficiencies were limited to < 1% by the low open circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices, which was attributed to junction shunt leakage promoted by the high p(+)/n(+) doping. This demonstration of a radial junction device represents an important advance in the use of Al-catalyzed Si nanowire growth for low cost photovoltaics.     

Effect of edge shading on the performance of silicon solar cell

Non-uniform solar radiation incident on solar cells is of significant concern in cell performance. It may result in non-uniform cell local heating and borders de-activation. Edge shading is a problem occurring in photovoltaic concentrator systems, due to tracking low accuracy and misalignment. An increase in both open circuit voltage and fill factor resulted from shading the edges of the cell by opaque frames of different widths. On the contrary, short circuit current density showed a drop by introducing such frames, illustrating that cell shading is responsible for the formation of series and parallel sub-cells operating at different operating conditions.