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1.
娄伟  李萌 《中国能源》2012,(10):17-21
情景分析法(scenario analysis)是通过假设、预测、模拟等手段生成未来情景,并分析情景对目标产生影响的方法。情景分析法出现以来,在能源规划领域就有着广泛的应用。在分析情景分析法与能源经济关系的基础上,以基于情景分析的可再生能源规划方法为案例,分析了基于定性与定量情景分析的能源规划研究方法。认为,基于对未来关键不确定性因素分析的情景分析法,通过描绘未来多种可能的情景,能为制定高质量能源发展规划及政策提供支持。  相似文献   

2.
推进可再生能源发展,发挥其在优化能源结构、促进节能减排等方面的重要作用,是当前电力规划的关键。将耦合两阶段随机规划和随机鲁棒规划方法,分3种情景设定可再生能源发电目标,以系统总成本最小为目标函数,以电力供需、机组扩容、污染物排放等为约束条件建立了可再生能源发电目标约束下的山东省电力规划模型,并得到了符合山东省电力系统特点的电力生产、电力调入和机组扩容优化方案,为山东省电力系统发展提供决策支持。  相似文献   

3.
2011年北京时间3月11日,日本东北部宫城县以东太平洋海域发生里氏9级特大地震并引发海啸.分析了此次地震、海啸及核泄漏对全球能源的影响:民众反对发展核电站的声音将可能更多,各国政府在核电利用问题上更为谨慎与保守.中短期内核电将较难实现大幅增长.短期而言,对核电有效替代的仍是化石能源,能源需求增长将进一步加大全球一次能源价格的上涨压力.长期而言,发达国家的替代选择更倾向于可再生能源,这种转换有助于较快地实现全球低碳转型.指出此次地震对中国油气供应影响不大.提出中国迫切需要建立较为灵活的能源安全预警防范机制,以适应由于能源供应短缺带来的种种问题.  相似文献   

4.
在过去10年中,欧洲的电网扩建规划发展巨大。这一发展不仅仅是由电力部门放松管制带来的电力部门所有权的变化造成的,也是由于快速引进可再生能源技术作为新的、未来的重要电源所造成的。电网规划过程成功地解决了关于欧洲电网扩建中的一些重要问题,而另外一些问题仍然没有得到解决,并且这些问题在今天看来比若干年前更具有挑战性。很明显,中国与欧洲在很多方面面对相同的挑战,加强在这些方面的合作将使双方受益。  相似文献   

5.
    
Following on from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the Japanese government is now in the throes of reviewing its power policy. Under continuing policies of economic revival and greenhouse gas reduction, it is crucial to consider scenarios for the country to realize reliable, low‐carbon, and economic electricity systems in the future. On the other hand, the social acceptance of nuclear power will affect the final political decision significantly. Therefore, in the present study, proposed power generation scenarios in Japan in light of the Fukushima accident were reviewed comprehensively from economic, environmental, technological, resource, security, and social perspectives. The review concludes that in Japan, (i) renewable energy mainly solar and wind needs to be developed as fast as possible subject to various constraints, (ii) more gas power plants will be used to absorb the fluctuations of intermittent renewable energy and supply electricity gap, (iii) nuclear power will be reduced in the future, but a 0% nuclear power scenario by 2030 is unlikely to be a reasonable choice on most measures and (iv) the effective communication with the public is vital important. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
张斌 《中国能源》2009,(1):10-15
详细分析了OECD 10个主要国家在工业化进程中的能源和电力消费趋势.分析结果表明:在工业化和现代化的进程中,电力消费的增长速度始终快于一次能源消费;后发工业化国家的能源和电力消费增速远快于先行工业化国家,各国电力消费比重都在不断攀升.因此,在21世纪中叶我国全面实现工业化、基本实现现代化之前,无论是能源电力消费的总量还是人均指标,我国的一次能源和电力消费都将伴随着工业化进程继续快速增长,而目前我国接近发达国家的电力消费比重还将继续上升.情景分析表明,2020年,我国人均能源消费将达3.18~4.95tce,能源消费总量将达44.2亿~68.8亿tce;人均用电量增至5 240~8 090 kW·h,全社会用电量达到7.3万亿~11.2万亿kW·h,需要15.8亿~24.4亿kW发电装机容量,人均装机约1.137~1.755 kW.  相似文献   

7.
针对新型电力系统中可再生能源出力及负荷需求的不确定性造成源荷协调困难,导致难以制定合理的分时电价的问题,该文提出一种考虑源荷不确定性的分时电价动态修正机制。首先,根据可再生能源出力的波动性以及不确定性,建立新能源并网功率与并网电量偏差量化模型;其次,根据需求侧负荷的变化特征,结合可再生能源出力不确定性,通过多种不确定性因素影响条件的误差计算方法,建立电价概率密度模型。然后,根据负荷上报的用电量以及预报电价,建立考虑源荷不确定性的电力市场分时电价动态修正与优化模型,并采用粒子群算法进行模型求解。最后,通过实际运行数据仿真验证该文所提方法的有效性。  相似文献   

8.

In this work, renewable energy facilities of Turkey were investigated. Electricity is mainly produced by thermal power plants, consuming coal, lignite, natural gas, fuel oil and geothermal energy, and hydro power plants in Turkey. Turkey has no large oil and gas reserves. The main indigenous energy resources are lignite, hydro and biomass. Turkey has to adopt new, long-term energy strategies to reduce the share of fossil fuels in primary energy consumption. For these reasons, the development and use of renewable energy sources and technologies are increasingly becoming vital for sustainable economic development of Turkey. The most significant developments in renewable production are observed hydropower and geothermal energy production. Renewable electricity facilities mainly include electricity from biomass, hydropower, geothermal, and wind and solar energy sources. Biomass cogeneration is a promising method for production bioelectricity.  相似文献   

9.
在对世界各国的可再生能源政策体制和实践进行综合分析的基础上,结合我国的国情、法律体系、可再生能源发展状况以及我国电力工业发展与电力体制改革进程,分析各种促进可再生能源产业政策在我国的可行性,提出中国可再生能源发展分3步走的规划方案,初步分析各步骤之间的合理衔接,为我国制定和完善可再生能源政策提供借鉴。  相似文献   

10.
日本新能源的发展趋势会对全球的能源变革产生巨大作用。从第一次石油危机至今,日本的新能源无论是总量还是在能源结构中所占的份额都有了质的飞跃,这不仅是因为新能源的技术和设备有了长足进步,更重要的是来自日本政府能源政策的支持,但2011年的福岛核危机将彻底改变日本的能源格局。日本政府宣布将中止核电发展计划,可再生能源将成为下一步能源发展战略的核心。然而日本的规模化可再生能源过程也面临着如何弥补核电站退役后的电力缺口、国土面积狭小、电网网架薄弱以及因电价过高导致的巨额补贴费用等诸多困难。与此同时也给日本带来了新的发展机遇,可再生能源将成为日本经济新的增长点。日本核危机使全球核能遭遇低潮期,而可再生能源将迎来新的发展机遇,这有可能催生第三次产业革命。同时也认识到,能源来源的过于单一化使得能源风险加剧,需要建立健全的、快速的能源应急机制,加大国际间能源合作,突破能源技术壁垒。此次日本核危机促使中国反思自身的核电发展策略。中国具有丰富的可再生能源资源,当前应抓住这一发展机遇,加大产品技术含量,切勿盲目扩大生产规模,同时拓展非主流型可再生能源生产设备市场。政府要把握整体布局,避免出现区域性生产"过度"。  相似文献   

11.
王俊  陈柳钦 《中外能源》2012,17(5):25-31
能源作为日本震后经济社会发展的中长期政策大纲《日本再生基本战略》的主要支柱之一,日本能源政策的走向尤为值得关注.从短期看,日本将加大核能监管,继续扩大核电制造出口,完全弃核是不可能的;从长期看,日本会逐步降低核能在能源结构中的比例.由于核电的关停,造成日本电力供应不足,进而导致对火力发电政策的支持力度增强,未来对化石能源的依赖局面仍将持续.同时,由于核能政策的调整,一方面使得节能及提高能源使用效率成为新的支柱,另一方面可再生能源将成为重要的发展方向.近10年来,日本可再生能源占能源结构的比例一直没什么变化,约为10%,这与日本政府支持核能战略的政策导向不无关系.日本当前发展可再生能源的主要障碍是缺乏政府的长期政策扶持,其次是开发难度大、发电成本高、系统稳定性低.日本目前需要解决的课题包括全量购买制度等相关政策的导入,大幅度降低成本和解决稳定性关键技术,有效解决可再生能源利用的地域化差异等.总的来看,日本新的能源政策基本是围绕减少对核电的依赖和应对全球气候变暖来制定的.  相似文献   

12.
Over the decades, the consumption of all types of energy such as electricity increased rapidly in Iran. Therefore, the government decided to redevelop its nuclear program to meet the rising electricity demand and decrease consumption of fossil fuels. In this paper, the effect of this policy in four major aspects of energy sustainability in the country, including energy price, environmental issues, energy demand and energy security have been verified. To investigate the relative cost of electricity generated in each alternative generator, the simple levelized electricity cost was selected as a method. The results show that electricity cost in fossil fuel power plants presumably will be cheaper than nuclear. Although the usage of nuclear reactor to generate power is capable of decreasing hazardous emissions into the environment, there are many other effective policies and technologies that can be implemented. Energy demand growth in the country is very high; neither nuclear nor fossil fuel cannot currently cope with the growth. So, the only solution is rationalizing energy demand by price amendment and encouraging energy efficiency. The major threats of energy security in Iran are high energy consumption growth and economic dependency on crude oil export. Though nuclear energy including its fuel cycle is Iran's assured right, constructing more nuclear power plants will not resolve the energy sustainability problems. In fact, it may be the catalyst for deterioration since it will divert capital and other finite resources from top priority and economic projects such as energy efficiency, high technology development and energy resources management.  相似文献   

13.
    
Although the transition to energy supply through renewables (RE) is, in general, politically accepted in Germany, its progress is slowed by conflicting interests, primarily nature conservation and protesting residents. This study aims to find ways to solve these conflicts in Germany. To this end, the researchers developed a geospatial model that calculates RE potentials and vulnerabilities of nature and humans. Both data input and some evaluation standards are variables in the model. The outcomes are compared to an estimated total energy demand in 2050. Two ambitious scenarios (“no regret” and “compromise”) show that a maximum of 4% of the German territory is available to meet the energy demand. This demand can be met using PV in urban areas and wind in rural landscapes without significantly impairing nature's and people's wellbeing. Solar parks and other potentials not considered in the model are treated as a reserve, which can be included if the energy targets are not met under the assumed scenario conditions. Such reserves also provide flexibility for co‐determination in public participation.  相似文献   

14.
For large-scale dissemination of solar thermal power plants, in countries identified with huge potential, governments are offering various incentives. In an attempt towards studying the effectiveness of various incentives in reducing the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) delivered by solar thermal power plants in India, this paper presents simple mathematical frameworks that facilitate the determination of the required level of an incentive so as to ensure that the LCOE is within a pre-specified limit. For example, for a 50?MW solar thermal power plant at Barmer (Rajasthan), LCOE of Rs. 9.75 per kWh can be achieved by providing 6.3% viability gap funding or an interest subsidy of 3% or provision of 32% investment tax credits to the equity investor or provision of production tax credits to the equity investor at the rate of Rs. 0.81 per kWh for first 10 years of operation of a plant.  相似文献   

15.
    
A low‐carbon electricity supply for Australia was simulated, and the installed capacity of the electrical grid was optimized by shifting the electricity demand of residential electric water heaters (EWHs). The load‐shifting potential of Australia was estimated for each hour of the simulation period using a nationwide aggregate EWH load model on a 90 × 110 raster grid. The electricity demand of water heaters was shifted from periods of low renewable resource and high demand to periods of high renewable resource and low demand, enabling us to effectively reduce the installed capacity requirements of a 100%‐renewable electricity grid. It was found that by shifting the EWH load by just 1 hour, the electricity demand of Australia could be met using purely renewable electricity at an installed capacity of 145 GW with a capacity factor of 30%, an electricity spillage of 20%, and a generation cost of 15.2 ¢/kWh. A breakdown of the primary energy sources used in our scenario is as follows: 43% wind, 29% concentrated solar thermal power, and 20% utility photovoltaic. Sensitivity analysis suggested that further reduction in installed capacity is possible by increasing the load‐shifting duration as well as the volume and insulation level of the EWH tank.  相似文献   

16.
世界可再生能源发展动向   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
时璟丽 《中国能源》2006,28(11):26-29
本文主要介绍了自2005年以来世界可再生能源,尤其是在发电领域的总体发展态势和技术发展动向,并对可再生能源发展趋势和前景进行了讨论和展望。  相似文献   

17.
在我国新一轮电力市场改革背景下,电力现货市场建设进程进一步加快.随着新能源装机的快速增长,将会对电力现货市场竞价交易带来很大影响.基于我国试点运行的现货交易机制,对现行几种新能源参与市场模式进行了分析并提出了适用于新能源快速发展阶段的市场参与机制.建立了包含新能源参与的省级日前市场机组组合模型和实时市场安全经济调度模型...  相似文献   

18.
鲍云樵 《中外能源》2009,14(8):15-21
中国2008年能源消费总量28.5×10^8t标煤,其中煤炭消费量27.4×10^8t,原油消费量3.6×110^8t,天然气消费量807×10^8m^3.电力消费量34502×10^8kW·h。中国电力工业在节能减排的推动下发展,2008年全国供电单耗349g标煤/(kW·h),同比下降7g标煤/(kW·h),线损率6.64%,同比下降0.33个百分点,关停小火电1669×10^4kW。2009年国家能源新政给电力行业发展带来新的契机,2009年电力投资5800亿元,电力工业结构调整列在2009年中国能源新政任务的首位。中同新能源发电已进入全新发展期:核电将成为取代常规火电的主力军;风电潜力大,发展速度惊人,但问题也不少:水电发电量居世界第一,但仍存在制约水电发展的问题;太阳能光伏发电发展迅速,前景看好。  相似文献   

19.
    
During the period between 2001 and 2007, oil prices increased from $20 to $140 per barrel, making oil prices higher than at any period in the twenty-first century. This was invariably good in gross domestic product terms for Nigeria which most regrettably, has continued to be a monoproduct oil economy since oil production started in the 1960s, with no value addition to the crude oil export. Indeed, the country still imports refined products to meet her domestic requirements, over 50 years after the first oil wells were drilled at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta region. Nigeria's proven oil reserves are reported as 36.2 billion barrels as at the end of 2010, with an R/P ratio of 42.4 and contributing 2.7% of world oil output (http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf). While estimates indicate that the world has 43.44 years left of this non-renewable resource (http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2008/STAGING/local_assets/2010_downloads/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2010.pdf); with all assumptions associated with such estimates, upstream resource investment continues at the exploration end, and in Nigeria, new findings are frequently being announced which make the total resource estimate to be rather dynamic, as expected. An envisaged future built on hydrogen energy is known as the hydrogen economy since it has impacts on the economy, environment and society. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of ‘raw materials’, some of which are abundantly available in Nigeria and they include natural gas, coal, biomass, agricultural and municipal wastes, and ocean water using energy from the sun and the wind. In light of the ongoing developments in the energy sector in Nigeria, the focus of this present review is to analyse the current energy situation with a view to estimating the potentials and implications of a hydrogen economy for Nigeria. Several issues and constraints are considered such as population growth, urbanisation, the transportation sector, production of hydrogen from fossil fuels as a short-term measure to developing a hydrogen infrastructure and ultimately clean production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. This paper describes a future hydrogen economy from a climate change perspective that is based on production processes that have zero or near zero-carbon emissions to the environment. The economic impact aspects are, however, not addressed in this work. Nonetheless, the review provides a detailed and realistic assessment of the prospects of a hydrogen economy for a future low-carbon growth path for Nigeria.  相似文献   

20.
    
Globally, electricity systems are going through transitions. The contributions from renewable energy‐based power generation, both in installed capacity and electricity generation, are moving from marginal to the mainstream. India is not an exception; it is aggressively pursuing this transition by fixing steep targets for renewable capacity additions. While the cost of renewable energy sources is expected to fast reach grid parity, the policy interventions play a critical role in ramping up the efforts to support the proposed investments in renewable capacity and renewable electricity generation. In this respect, this research attempts to analyze the effectiveness of renewable energy policies such as Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificate mechanisms in tapping the renewable energy potential in India. We propose a mixed‐integer linear programming model‐based approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the above interventions in the Indian context. The model is developed and validated as a low carbon electricity planning tool to optimally meet the dynamic electricity demand and RPO targets as well as to manage the unmet total electricity demand and RPO targets. The Karnataka state electricity system (a state in south India) is chosen as a case study. The results suggest that Karnataka Electricity System is moving toward a sustainable renewable energy future even without any support from nonsolar Renewable Energy Certificate policy. However, policy interventions are critical for optimally utilizing the solar generation capacity.  相似文献   

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