输液管道动态稳定性研究

将输液动力管道简化为梁模型,建立管道的侧向振动微分方程,研究管道的动力特性。采用Herm ite插值函数和Galerkin法离散得到其有限元的标准形式。在有阻尼和无阻尼两种状态下,分别研究了当管内流为恒定流时管道长度、管内流速、管道终端压强对管道动力特性的影响。在管内流速度和管道终端压强含有谐波扰动的情况下,得到管道固有频率的变化规律。研究表明,跨距增加、流速变大、压力上升都会降低管道的固有频率,增加管道失稳的可能。这些管道动力参数的获得对管道跨距的合理设计、支撑阻尼处理、管道稳定性的提高具有实际意义     

广义边界下含双相流水平井钻柱频率特性分析

钻柱在内流作用和旋转因素的影响下容易产生耦合振动,发生疲劳失效。本文基于微分求积法（DQM）对含双相流水平井钻柱耦合动力学特性进行了研究。利用扩展的Hamilton变分原理建立了计入内流、轴向压力及旋转等因素影响的水平井钻柱动力学方程。在振动问题中考虑了广义边界条件,通过改变边界等效弹簧刚度将模型简化为简支、悬臂等简单边界条件模型进行研究。通过分析旋转角速度、轴向压力、液相流速、气体体积分数等因素对模型频率特性的影响,得到了无量纲固有频率随不同参数变化的特征曲线。分析结果表明：不同边界条件下模型的频率特性曲线有很大的差别;气体体积分数对临界流速的影响在悬臂管系统中表现的更为明显;在简支管模型中,随着轴力的增大会产生模态耦合颤振。此外,通过液相流速和旋转角速度的频率云图展示了两种因素对钻柱频率特性的影响。     

油气润滑系统中环状流流过突扩管时的流动特性

基于Fluent软件分析了油气润滑工况下环状流流过突扩管时的压力和油膜变化特点。结果表明,油气环状流流过突扩管时压力和油膜会发生突变,且突变的位置不会受到入口气速的影响,但是其变化的强度与入口气速的大小呈正比;油气环状流的液膜在管路突扩前分布的部分分布较为均匀,而在管路突扩后的分布受到气速和管径的影响较大,较大的气速和突扩管径会使环状液膜分散的程度增大。     

管道内气固两相流颗粒浓度和风速测量方法的试验研究

根据两相流压降与颗粒浓度具有确定的依赖关系，提出了一种利用现有送粉管道，在同一管线上选择送粉特性有差异的两段管道在线测量风速和煤粉浓度的新方法，此法的优点在于不破坏原有管线及其阻力特性，特别适合于采用乏气送粉和直吹式制粉系统的火电厂现场使用，通过建立试验及相应的在线测量系统进行了试验，表明该法是可行的。     

用压降法测量管内颗粒浓度和风速方法的研究

根据两相流压降与颗粒浓度具有的确定的依赖关系，提出了压降法治测定管道颗粒浓度和风速的一般形式和特殊形式，通过对压降法不同形式的分析，找到了各自在测量上的特点及相互间的差别，指出在同一管线上选择送粉特性有差异的两段管道应用压降法的一般形式，可不破坏原有管线及其阻力特性，特别适合于采用乏气送粉和直吹式制粉系统的火电厂现场使用，建立了试验及在线测量系统并进行了试验，论证了压降法测量的可行性。     

超(超)临界疏水阀开阀水锤及管道振动

针对超(超)临界疏水阀开阀水锤及阀后管道振动问题,运用充液管道振动分析的流固耦合理论及特征线法,建立开阀水锤及管道振动的数学模型,求解得到疏水阀在不同流量特性及不同套筒层数下阀开启时水锤压力、流体流速、管道轴向内力和管道振速的时域曲线。研究结果表明:水锤压力取决于流体的流速与压力相互作用,管道内力受水锤压力影响较大,局部受管道振速影响;额定流量恒定时,线性流量特性下水锤峰值压力明显小于快开特性,流速大于等百分比特性,超(超)临界疏水阀宜选用线性流量特性;随着套筒层数增加,水锤压力峰值和管道轴向内力峰值减小,但开阀初始阶段流速波动和管道振动增加。     

A numerical study on the characteristics of transient flow in a pressure regulator resulting from closure of the pressure control valve

This study investigates characteristics of transient flow and the possibility of freezing in a pressure regulator and the rear connecting pipe of the pressure regulator during the closing process of the pressure control valve (PCV), which is an essential element in the operation of a natural gas pipeline network. For this purpose, the study develops a numerical model for the PCV and its rear connecting pipe by applying computational fluid dynamics method. The analysis is conducted in each of two cases: (1) a steady-state analysis in the case of normal operation and (2) an unsteady-state analysis in the case of emergency closure in problematic situations. First, we closely examine characteristics of internal flow in the pressure regulator and the rear connecting pipe when the PCV operates regularly with a 50% opening ratio in a steady state. Afterwards, unsteady-state analysis examines characteristics of transient flow, such as lowered pressure and temperature, velocity change, etc., of rear flow in the pressure regulator when the PCV is closed because of trouble in the pressure control system.     

主动液压激波作用下管道振动控制的运动分析与试验研究

为研究在主动液压激波作用下管道振动的动力学特性,建立流体的数学模型,设计出变频液压管网激振测试系统,用特征线法编程对激波作用下的有压脉动内流进行数值模拟。采用有限元法把管道简化为梁模型,建立考虑流固耦合的充液管道在激波作用下的振动方程,在保证特征线各断面与有限元节点重合的前提下,采用Newmark法编程将特征线法求得的流体各断面横向压力载荷施加到管道有限元的单元节点上,求得各断面处的动力响应。仿真结果表明,管道在轴向弹性支撑条件下,在激波作用下管道各断面压力和流速为简谐波,但两者呈反相关系。其横向各断面运动为简谐振动,振幅随系统压力的升高而升高,发现管道横向各断面振动波明显滞后于各断面对应的压力波,而轴向振动则由于弹簧与液体轴向力的耦合作用而出现较高的振动频率。数值模拟结果与试验结果基本比较吻合,揭示出流体动力学参数与管道振动之间的耦合关系,为激波作用下管道的二维振动特性及可控性研究提供了一些理论依据。     

大口径宽波段激光发射通道的正压密封

针对大口径宽波段高能激光发射系统内通道的防尘除湿问题,提出了内通道正压通风密封方法。该方法利用净化后的干燥洁净空气排出原有的空气,并在发射端口形成正压气流阻挡外界空气向内通道扩散,从而达到密封防护的目的。借助计算流体力学软件Fluent对发射系统内通道的正压通风流场进行了数值模拟和分析研究,研究显示洁净气流在发射端口处产生一定的风速和压差,从而形成了内部正压抵挡通道外空气的回流。对于10.6μm的长波激光,根据压力变化估计了通道内的折射率变化在10-7量级,引起的光程差约为1μm。最后,通过实验验证了仿真结果。结果表明:监测面的速度值比仿真结果稍大,但是速度变化基本相同,而且洁净气流在监测面保持有0.64m/s的正压速度,洁净空气的相对湿度从59%降至了29%,基本达到了正压通风系统防尘除湿的密封设计要求。     

粉煤灰管道气力输送特性的研究

对浓相粉煤灰气力输送系统三维流场进行了数值模拟,给出了流场特性,分析了颗粒对气相的影响,描述了颗粒沉降的具体过程。研究表明单位长度压力损失与速度平方、体积浓度成正比,而与管道长度无关;颗粒直径越大,压力损失就越小;颗粒的沉降与运动速度、颗粒直径和管道长度有关。     

Experimental investigation of flow characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct of fan-shaped cross section

Experiments along with numerical calculations are carried out to investigate the effect of the geometry of the cross section on flow characteristics of a MHD propulsion duct. A fan-shaped cross-section MHD thruster duct is chosen for comparison with a previously investigated rectangular cross section. Measurement of the velocity field is made using LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry) system with a fiber-optic cable and pressure distribution is measured with static pressure holes at the bottom surface. Comparison with rectangular cross section shows that the velocity profile is significantly influenced by the geometry of cross section while the axial pressure distribution is not so affected.     

Dynamic analysis of Coriolis flow meter using Timoshenko beam element

Coriolis mass flow meter (CFM) is used to measure the rate of mass flow through a pipe conveying fluid. In the present work, the Coriolis effect produced in the pipe due to a lateral excitation is modeled using the finite element (FE) method in MATLAB©. The coupled equation of motion for the fluid and pipe is converted to FE equations by applying Galerkin technique. The pipe conveying fluid is excited at its fundamental natural frequency. The time lag observed between symmetrically located measurement points which are equidistant from the point of excitation, is utilized to predict the mass flow rate. The results predicted by the present code is validated using the experimental, and numerical results published in the literature. The main contribution is the development of a FE model, using three node Timoshenko beam element to analyse the dynamics of fluid conveying pipes subjected to external excitation. The direction of the Coriolis force is perpendicular to the plane containing the velocity of flow vector and angular velocity vector of the pipe. Hence a three dimensional FE model is essential. This model can include curved geometry, damping, velocity and gyroscopic effects for three dimensional flexible tubes. The reduced integration used for overcoming shear locking in two node elements, will result in the formation of spurious modes leading to an incorrect prediction of natural frequencies and velocity. These modes will not occur while using three node elements. Influence of spatial as well as temporal discretisation on the time lag and frequency are also discussed. The sensitivity analysis shows that the time lag varies linearly with the mass flow rate.     

Dynamic response of rotating flexible cantilever pipe conveying fluid with tip mass

In this study the vibration system is consisted of a rotating cantilever pipe conveying fluid and a tip mass. The equation of motion is derived by using the Lagrange's equation. Also, the equation of motion is derived applying a modeling method that employs hybrid deformation variables. The influences of the rotating angular velocity and the velocity of fluid flow on the dynamic behavior of a cantilever pipe are studied by the numerical method. The effects of a tip mass on the dynamic behavior of a rotating cantilever pipe are also studied. The influences of a tip mass, the velocity of fluid, the angular velocity of a cantilever pipe and the coupling of these factors on the dynamic behavior of a cantilever pipe are analytically clarified. The natural frequencies of a cantilever pipe conveying fluid are proportional to the angular velocity of the pipe and a tip mass in both axial direction and lateral direction.     

Flow rate measurement in flows with asymmetric velocity profiles by means of distributed thermal anemometry

Flow rate in closed conduits is one of the most frequently measured parameters in industrial processes and in gas and water supply. For an accurate measurement, flow meters typically require a fully developed symmetric flow profile with preferably no radial or tangential velocity components. This is commonly secured by mounting flow meters in a pipe at a sufficiently long distance downstream any change in cross-section or pipe direction. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for flow rate measurement of gases or liquids that employs a novel spatially resolving fluid velocity sensor basing on thermal anemometry. The new principle allows accurate flow rate measurements for non-axisymmetric velocity profiles, even directly after pipe bends, T-junctions or other alterations in the pipe geometry. This is exemplified for air flow in three different pipe bend configurations.     

Research on effects of key influencing factors upon fuel injection characteristics of the combination electronic unit pump for diesel engines

A numerical model of the combination electronic unit pump (CEUP) fuel injection system was developed in AMESim environment. The effects of five key influencing factors, including cam profile velocity, plunger diameter, length of high pressure fuel pipe, inner diameter of high pressure fuel pipe and nozzle flow rate on injection characteristic parameters, were analyzed by using the developed numerical model. On the basis, a correlation analysis between the influencing factors and injection characteristics was performed by using the design of experiments (DoE) method, and the influences of these factors were quantized accordingly. Relevant results show that both the single influencing factor and the interaction among these factors correlates with the injection characteristics, and the correlation represents a complex law with the cam rotational speed. The effect of plunger diameter on the injection pressure, cycle fuel injection quantity and injection duration is the most obvious, especially at a cam rotational speed of 500 r/min and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.82. The length of high-pressure pipe (HP pipe) has the most obvious influence on the coefficient of fuel feeding at cam rotational speed of 500 r/min and 800 r/min, and the correlation coefficient is negative. Overall, the independent influence of the factors is more significant than the combined influence of various factors. The CEUP fuel injection system is a complicated multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear system in fact.     

气送混凝土的流态分析与仿真

运用Fluent对混凝土在输料管中的流态进行仿真.根据混凝土料群在输料管中的压力、速度分布特点、运动轨迹,探究出混凝土料群在输送管道中以“稀薄流”方式输送的最佳输送参数范围,为后续混凝土湿喷机的合理设计、结构优化、性能分析提供重要的理论依据.     

压力管道漏损探测系统设计与应用

地下压力管道敷设在地下具有隐蔽性,由于管网材料、施工、使用、运行、外部环境、管理等因素,造成管网漏损现象非常普遍。查找压力管道漏点位置主要采用听漏判别法,通过对不同漏点的声音进行判别,从而确定漏点的位置。该文通过设计一套压力管道漏损探测系统,在管道组不同子管路上模拟漏水点,且在子管路上迅速切换,以分辨和掌握不同管材、管径、流速的漏点声音特质;通过各种阀门的开闭来模拟漏水点;最后通过对压力管道漏损量计算,检验系统的可行性。     

Verification of the Theoretical Model for Analyzing Dynamic Behavior of the PIG from Actual Pigging

This paper deals with verification of the theoretical model for dynamic behavior of Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) traveling through high pressure natural gas pipeline. The dynamic behavior of the PIG depends on the differential pressure across its body. This differential pressure is generated by injected gas flow behind the tail of the PIG and expelled gas flow in front of its nose. To analyze the dynamic behavior characteristics such as gas flow in pipeline, and the PIG position and velocity, not only the mathematical models are derived, but also the theoretical models must be certified by actual pigging experiment. But there is not any found results of research on the experimental certification for dynamic behavior of the PIG. The reason is why the fabrication of the PIG as well as, a field application are very difficult. In this research, the effectiveness of the introduced solution using the method of characteristics (MOC) was certified through field application. In-line inspection tool, 30” geometry PIG, was fabricated and actual pigging was carried out at the pipeline segment in Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) high pressure system, Incheon LT(LNG Terminal) -Namdong GS(Governor Station) line. Pigging is fulfilled successfully. Comparison of simulation results with experimental results show that the derived mathematical models and the proposed computational schemes are effective for predicting the position and velocity of the PIG with a given operational conditions of pipeline.     

某防暴喷射管管内流场数值模拟

采用流固耦合的方法,基于COMSOL仿真平台对某防暴喷射管内部流场进行了数值模拟,分析了发射管结构和气室初始压强对管内冲击挤压流动过程的影响.结果表明:在气室初始压强为20MPa,战剂容量为10ml的情况下,发射管内径越小,管流阻力越小,活塞运动时间越短,战剂出口速度越小,能量利用率越高;增大气室初始压强能缩短管内流动...     

An experimental study on characteristics of two-phase flows in vertical pipe

The characteristics of two-phase flow in a vertical pipe are investigated to provide information for understanding the excitation mechanisms of flow-induced vibration. An analytical model for two-phase flow in a pipe was developed by Sim et al. (2005), based on a power law for the distributions of flow parameters across the pipe diameter, such as gas velocity, liquid velocity and void fraction. An experimental study was undertaken to verify the model. The unsteady momentum flux impinging on a ‘turning tee’ (or a ‘circular plate’) has been measured at the exit of the pipe, using a force sensor. From the measured data, especially for slug flow, the predominant frequency and the RMS value of the unsteady momentum flux have been evaluated. It is found that the analytical method, given by Sim et al. for slug flow, can be used to predict the momentum flux.