Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and electrochemical performance of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2 hydrogen storage electrode alloy

To improve the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system alloy, as-cast La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2 alloy was annealed at 1123, 1223, and 1323 K for 10 h in 0.3 MPa argon. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of different annealed alloys were investigated systematically by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, and electrochemical experiments. The results obtained by XRD and SEM showed that the as-cast and annealed （1123 K） alloys had multiphase structure containing LaNis, （La, Mg）2（Ni, Co）7 and few LaNi2 phases. When annealing temperatures approached 1223 and 1323 K, LaNi2 phase disappeared. The annealed alloys at 1223 and 1323 K were composed of LaNi5, （La, Mg）2（Ni, Co）7 and （La, Mg）（Ni, Co）3 phases. With increasing annealing temperature, the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy decreased monotonously, but the cyclic stability was improved owing to structure homogeneity and grain growth after annealing, as well as the enhancement of anti-oxidation/corrosion ability and the suppression of pulverization during cycling in KOH electrolyte.     

Effects of annealing on microstructures and electrochemical properties of La0.8Mg0.2Ni2.4Mn0.10Co0.55Al0.10 alloy

The La0.8Mg0.2Ni2.4Mn0.10Co0.55Al0.10 alloy was prepared by induction melting. The structural and morphological characterizations were performed by means of X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The electrochemical measurements were performed using LAND and CH/660b electrochemical workstation. The main phases of the alloy were LaNi5 and （La,Mg）Ni3. After annealing, the maximum discharge capacity, cycle stability and high rate dischargeability （HRD） were improved obviously. The maximum discharge capacity reached 373.80 mAh/g （T=1173 K）, the C100/Cmax（%） was 72.63% （T=1173 K）, and the value of HRD reached 51.8% at a discharge current density of 1150 mA/g （T=1173 K）. The cyclic voltammetry （CV） and potentiodynamic polarization were also studied.     

Effect of annealing treatment on hydrogen storage properties of La-Ti-Mg-Ni-based alloy

The present study dealt with investigations on the effects of annealing on the hydrogen storage properties of La 1.6 Ti 0.4 MgNi 9 alloys.The experimental alloys were prepared by magnetic levitation melting followed by annealing treatment.For La 1.6 Ti 0.4 MgNi 9 alloys,LaNi 5,LaNi 3 and LaMg 2 Ni 9 were the main phases,Ti 2 Ni phase appeared at 900℃.Annealing not only enhanced the maximum and effective hydrogen storage capacity,improved the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics,but also increased the discharge capacity.The cyclic stability had been improved markedly by annealing,e.g.,when the discharge capacity reduced to 60% of maximum discharge capacity,the charge/discharge cycles increased from 66(as-cast) to 89(annealed at 800℃) and 127 times(annealed at 900℃).La 1.6 Ti 0.4 MgNi 9 alloy annealed at 900℃ exhibited better electrochemical properties compared to the other two alloy electrodes.     

Crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7Mg0.3Ni5.5? x (Al0.5Mo0.5) x ( x =0 to 0.8) hydrogen storage alloys

The structure, hydrogen storage property, and electrochemical characteristics of the La_0.7Mg_0.3Ni_5.5−x (Al_0.5Mo_0.5) _x (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) hydrogen storage alloys have been investigated systematically. It has been found by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis that the alloys are multiphase and consist of impurity Ni phase and two main crystallographic phases, namely, the La(La, Mg)₂Ni₉ phase and the LaNi₅ phase, and the lattice parameters and the cell volumes of both the La(La, Mg)₂Ni₉ phase and the LaNi₅ phase increase with increasing Al and Mo content in the alloys. The P-C isotherm curves indicated that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy first increases and then decreases with increasing x, and the equilibrium pressure decreases with increasing x. The electrochemical measurements show that the maximum discharge capacity first increases from 298.5 (x=0) to 328.3 mAh/g (x=0.6) and then decreases to 304.7 mAh/g (x=0.8). The high rate dischargeability (HRD) of the alloy electrodes increases lineally from 65.4 pct (x=0) to 86.6 pct (x=0.8) at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g. Moreover, the exchange current density of the alloy electrodes also increases monotonously with increasing x by the linear polarization curves. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the alloy bulk, D, increases with increasing Al and Mo content and thus enhances the low-temperature dischargeability (LTD) of the alloy electrodes.     

La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xTxO3低场下的大磁阻效应

研究了在低磁场H≤0.8T区间下的材料La     

Electrical Transport and Giant Magnetoresistance in （ 1 - x ） La0.67 Ca0.33 MnO3/x CuO Composites

Samples with nominal composition of （1 - x）La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 （LCMO）/xCuO （x = 0%, 2%, 4% and 20% ） were made using a special experimental method. The temperature dependence of the resistivity （ρ） of the composites was investigated in the temperature range of 10 - 300 K and different magnetic fields of H = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 T. The results showed that CuO percentage x had important effects on metal-insulator transition temperature （Tp）, zero field peak resistivity （ρmax）, and magnetoresistance （MR） properties of the composites. Tp shifted sharply towards low temperature with the increase of x in the range of x ≤4%, but was almost independent of x at high level of CuO content. Composites with x = 4 % and 20 % exhibited similar electrical transmission behavior. Compared with pure LCMO, enhanced magnetoresistance could be clearly observed even in a quite low magnetic field of 0.3 T. For x =4% and 20% samples, the MR value at 0.3 T could reach as high as - 88% and - 90%, respectively. XRD and SEM analysis showed that the substantial enhancement of MR, especially near Tp, was because of local spin disorder between contiguous LCMO ferromagnetic particles caused by the addition of CuO.     

石墨烯复合导电剂对LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2动力学及电化学性能的影响

采用循环伏安、交流阻抗法对添加导电炭黑(SP)和导电炭黑复合石墨烯(SP+G)的两组不同导电剂,与LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂组装成的电池进行锂离子脱嵌动力学研究,通过计算锂离子扩散系数探究不同导电剂对LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂锂离子脱嵌动力学的影响。电化学性能测试表明,添加单一导电剂SP和复合导电剂SP+G的首次放电比容量分别为166、184 mAh/g,添加复合导电剂SP+G的放电比容量显著提升。      

锂离子正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2的合成与掺杂Al的性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成镍钴锰氢氧化物前躯体,使其和碳酸锂混合均匀后,高温焙烧合成锂离子正极材料LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂,研究了掺杂Al（OH）₃对材料循环性能的影响.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对合成的粉末进行了表征,用电性能测试仪研究了材料的电化学性能.研究发现:温度为850 ℃时焙烧的材料具有最优的电性能,1C电流初始放电比容量达到157.2 mAh/g（2.75~4.2V）,循环50次放电比容量保持率为94.8 %,循环100次材料的放电比容量保持率为90.1 %.通过少量掺杂Al（OH）₃的电池材料结晶性有所提高,晶型趋于完整,但是材料的放电比容量有所降低,前100次循环掺杂对材料循环稳定性无显著改善效果.      

La2O3刻蚀对金刚石单晶性能的影响

以氮气为保护气氛,在820～980℃下用La₂O₃刻蚀人造金刚石单晶表面,研究稀土氧化物La₂O₃刻蚀对人造金刚石单晶性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜观测刻蚀后金刚石单晶不同晶面的表面形貌,通过人造金刚石单晶表面粗糙度、单颗粒抗压强度、抗冲击韧性和铜基结合剂金刚石节块抗弯强度来表征刻蚀前后金刚石单晶性能的变化。结果表明：La₂O₃对金刚石{100}面和{111}面的刻蚀是各向异性的;当刻蚀温度从820℃升高到980℃时,{100}面表面粗糙度从0.40μm增加至2.28μm,{111}面表面粗糙度从0.70μm增加到3.32μm,金刚石单颗粒的抗压强度由未刻蚀金刚石的576 N降低到最小530 N,冲击韧性由92.94%下降到89.21%。当金刚石体积分数为5%时,刻蚀后金刚石节块的抗弯强度增幅达到17.9%。     

Effect of surface treatment on the structure and high-rate dischargeability properties of ABs-type hydrogen storage alloy

Surface-treated MmNi_3.55Co_0.75Mn_0.4Al_0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirring the alloy into a HCl aqueous solution with various concentrations at room temperature. The microstructure of the alloy before and after surface treatment was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties before and after surface treatment were comparedand the alloy treated in 0.025 mol/L HCl solution showed the optimal high-rate dischargeability.     

助熔剂种类对绿色荧光粉(Ce0.67, Tb0.33)MgAl11O19晶体结构、形貌及发光强度的影响

采用高温固相法制备了三基色荧光灯用(Ce_0.67, Tb_0.33)MgAl₁₁O₁₉（CMAT）绿色荧光粉,研究了MgF₂、AlF₃、Li₂CO₃和H₃BO₃4种助熔剂对CMAT绿粉物相纯度、粉体颗粒形貌和发光强度的影响。结果表明,用H₃BO₃做助熔剂制备的CMAT绿粉在物相纯度、粉体颗粒形貌和发光强度方面都优于其它三者。      

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2正极材料的高电压研究

使用LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂正极材料制作出软包电池,在不同电压上限（4.2 V、4.25 V、4.3 V、4.35 V）下进行电化学测试,再采用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）, 对循环100次后的极片进行结构和形貌表征. XRD图谱表明,循环100次后的材料仍具有α-NaFeO₂型结构,并且仍是层状结构,但电压上限为4.35 V时材料I₀₀₃/I₁₀₄值小于1.2,出现了较高的阳离子混乱.在4.2 V、4.25 V、4.3 V和4.35 V的电压上限下,电池的首次放电容量依次为161.5 mAh/g、162.9 mAh/g、169.2 mAh/g和176.6 mAh/g.相较于4.2 V,电压上限为4.25 V、4.3 V和4.35 V时, 容量提高率依次为0.87%、4.77%和9.35%.电压上限为4.2 V、4.25 V、4.3 V和4.35 V的电池200次循环（0.2 C）测试后,容量保持率依次为95.09%、94.41%、95.52%、95.56%.虽然电压上限为4.35 V时材料出现阳离子无序,但其电化学性能却是最好的,可能是由于Co离子高价迁移到Li层时注入过量电荷,使通过大的二次粒子内部晶界网络时具有高电子传导性.      

Effect of ball milling on hydrogen storage of Mg3La alloy

Hydrogen storage and microstructure of ball milled Mg3La alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction and pressure-composition-isotherm measurement. The ball milled Mg3La alloy could absorb hydrogen up to 4wt.% at 300 ℃ for the first time, along with a decomposing course. Following tests showed that the average reversible hydrogen storage capacity was 2.7wt.%. The enthalpy and entropy of dehydrogenation reaction of the decomposed ball milled Mg3La and hydrogen were calculated. XRD patterns indicated the existence of MgH2 and LaH3 in the decomposed hydride and the formation of Mg when hydrogen was desorbed. After the first hydrogenation, all the latter hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions could be taken place between Mg and MgH2. The ball milled Mg3La alloy exhibited better hydriding kinetics than that of the as-cast Mg3La alloy at room temperature. The kinetic curve could be well fitted by Avrami-Erofeev equation.     

热处理对Ta/Ni0.65Co0.35薄膜微结构和磁电阻性能的影响

选用磁致伸缩系数接近于零的软磁合金Ta/Ni_0.65Co_0.35作为磁敏感层,研究了热处理对Ta/Ni_0.65Co_0.35薄膜织构、磁学性能和磁电阻性能的影响.制备了Barber电极结构的磁电阻元件,对磁电阻元件的输出特性进行了测试.结果表明:真空退火可以有效降低薄膜内的应力和杂质缺陷,使晶粒尺寸增大,晶界对传导电子的散射减少,各向异性磁电阻(AMR)值提高;真空磁场退火有利于提高薄膜的单轴各向异性,使薄膜的AMR值和磁传感器元件的灵敏度增加.     

SiC对粉碎烧结法制备P型Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3合金热电性能的影响

向粉碎法制备的Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃+5%Te(质量分数)合金粉体中混入不同体积分数的SiC颗粒,利用放电等离子体烧结法制备SiC复合块体材料,探究块体材料组织和热电性能的变化规律。研究发现：随着SiC体积分数的增加,块体材料的取向性弱化,组织细化,载流子浓度增加,迁移率降低;由于取向性弱化及组织细化,加强了声子散射,降低了晶格热导率。由于SiC复合块体材料的电学性能恶化,块体材料的无量纲热电优值(ZT)并未获得显著的提升;当SiC体积分数为0.40%时,SiC复合块体材料在322 K时具有最优的无量纲热电优值(ZT=～0.81)。     

Effect of La2O3 on electrical friction and wear properties of Cu-graphite composites

Sliding friction and wear experiments using Cu-La2O3-graphite composites against Cu-5 wt.%Ag alloy ring were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 10 m/s, a current density of 10 A/cm2 and a load of 2.5 N/cm2. These composites with different La2O3 and graphite contents were fabricated by hot-pressing. Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Morphologies of the worn surface of composites were observed using optical microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra were used to study compositions of the lubricating film. The results showed that with the increasing addition of La2O3, hardness, flexural strength and electrical resistivity increased, but the relative density dropped. The friction coefficient increased with the increasing addition of La2O3. Composite containing 3 vol.% of La2O3 and 37 vol.% of graphite showed the best wear resistance. The main wear mechanisms of composites were abrasive wear, oxidative wear and adhesive wear.     

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Phase structure and electrochemical properties of non-stoichiometric La0.7Ce0.3(Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15(Fe0.43B0.57)0.10)x hydrogen storage alloys

Phase structure and electrochemical characteristics of Co-free La0.7Ce0.3(Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15(Fe0.43B0.57)0.10)x (0.90≤x≤1.10) al-loys were investigated. When x was 0.90, the alloy was composed of LaNi5, La3Ni13B2 and Ce2Ni7 phases. The Ce2Ni7 phase disappeared, and the abundant of La3Ni13B2 phase decreased when x increased to 0.95. When x was 1.00 or higher the alloys consisted of LaNi5 phase. The lat-tice parameter a and the cell volume V of the LaNi5 phase decreased, and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase increased with x value increasing. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes first increased and then decreased with x value increasing from 0.90 to 1.10, and the highest value was obtained when x was 1.00. High-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g increased from 50.7% (x= 0.90) to 64.1% (x=1.10). Both the charge-transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface and the hydrogen diffusion in the alloy were responsible for the high-rate dischargeability. Cycling capacity retention rate at 100th cycle (S100) gradually increased from 77.3% (x= 0.90) to 84.6% (x=1.10), which resulted from the increase in Ni content and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase with x value increasing.     

Effect of surface treatment on the structure and high-rate dischargeability properties of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy

Surface-treated MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirring the alloy into a HCI aqueous solution with various concentrations at room temperature. The microstructure of the alloy before and after surface treatment was analyzed by X-ray dif-fraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties before and after surface treatment were compared, and the alloy treated in 0.025 mol/L HCI solution showed the optimal high-rate dischargeability.     

烧结温度对LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2结构和电化学性能的影响

采用共沉淀法+高温固相法,首次在740~820℃制备了一系列LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂正极材料,探讨温度变化对材料结构性能的影响.通过X射线分析仪、扫描电镜、电化学工作站、电池充放电测试系统表征材料性能.结果显示在780℃烧结出的材料有纯的六方晶相、层状结构优异,在2.75~4.2 V、0.1 C倍率获得188.11 mAh/g,0.5 C循环100次后容量稳定率为88.55 %,高于其他温度制备的材料; 经过不同倍率放电后,780℃烧结出的材料不可逆容量损失远低于其他温度制备的材料.