共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
| 1. |
Investigations showed that when constructing dams of fine-grained silty soils by hydraulic filling, it is expedient to use the technology of layerwise placement of soil with consolidation of each layer.
| | 2. |
Dependences are given for calculating the thickness of the layers and period of consolidation of the soil on the basis of investigations of the dynamics of the hydrophysical properties of these soils in relation to technological factors.
| | 3. |
Dependences are also proposed for predicting the density of the hydraulic-filled soil during construction, as well as the distribution of soil in the profile of the structure.
| | 4. |
A method is proposed for calculating the technological parameters, in particular, the rate of construction of hydraulic-fill structures, calculating the size and number of the hydraulic-fill plots referred to one dredge, and prediction of the seepage discharge into the foundation of the dams during their hydraulic filling.
| | 5. |
The proposed calculation methods make possible a more substantiated approach to the design of hydraulic-fill structures of fine-grained silty soils and technology of their construction.
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Translated from Gidrotekhicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 6, pp. 5–9, June, 1990. 相似文献
2.
Conclusions
| 1. |
The expediency of hydraulic-fill grading of marshy coastal territories and city dumps for housing construction and recreation
park and beach zones was proved practically.
|
| 2. |
Underwater coastal borrow pits in the shallow-water zone can be used for direct dredging of soil.
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| 3. |
In the absence of sand borrow pits, fine-grained loamy sand soils can be used for hydraulic filling the construction sites.
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| 4. |
To operate dredges on large water areas under conditions of violent wind-wave action, it is necessary to work out a special
works organization plan taking into account the preservation of supply lines, machines, and crew during a storm and under
ice conditions in the winter.
|
| 5. |
The possibility of using the ash of heat and power plants for engineering grading of a marshy territory for housing construction
on a pile foundation was proved.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 9, pp. 29–33, September, 1997. 相似文献
3.
| 1. |
In certain cases of constructing dams salt-containing soils serve as their foundation.
| | 2. |
Under these conditions reliable operation of the structures can be provided only by developing special engineering measures to control dissolution.
| | 3. |
All existing methods of protecting saliferous foundation soils of hydraulic structures from dissolution can be divided into passive, active, and combined.
| | 4. |
The combined methods should be considered the most effective for preventing removal of salts from foundation soils by the seepage flow.
| | 5. |
Large-scale field investigations of the work of the combined method of protecting saliferous foundation soils of the planned Lower Kafirnigan hydro development showed its high effectiveness even in the case of complex engineering-geological conditions at the construction site.
| | 6. |
Individual elements of the set of dissolution protective measures investigated under field conditions can be used in hydrotechnical and hydropower construction practice.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 10–14, October, 1994. 相似文献
4.
| 1. |
More effective storage of industrial wastes and clarification of water is realized on hydraulic-fill dumps of the thermally loaded type, and at the same time subsequent excavation of these dumps for using the wastes in the economy is facilitated.
| | 2. |
Since the estimates obtained characterizing the thermal regime of the structure take into account the relationship between the incoming and dissipated heat regardless of the type of solid phase and its consistency, by means of the developed classification it is possible to substantiate the construction not only of dumps but also, by using various measures to maintain a thermally loaded state, hydraulic-fill structures in various climatic regions of the Soviet Union with consideration, of course, of the differences in the specific heat of the materials being placed.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 1, pp. 31–34, January, 1990. 相似文献
5.
| 1. |
Despite the decisions made repeatedly at various conferences and seminars, there are still no scientific design guidelines. As a consequence of this, crucial decisions are made without sufficient substantiation and thorough evaluation of the decisions made.
| | 2. |
Research institutes should not be limited to collecting data on settlements and temperature and seepage regimes of dams, but on the basis of data already available should give clear-cut standards and regulations for the design of earth structures in the northern construction-climatic zone.
| | 3. |
The construction of transition zones between the rock fill of the downstream shoulder and foundation, drainage blanket, and relief drainage is mandatory in all cases when the foundation is composed of fractured rocks covered by a diverse stratum of loose soils of various origin.
| | 4. |
The core-filters-drainage system should be a zone of increased attention when performing works and assigning the characteristics of the soils being placed.
As far as possible, it is necessary to change to dam designs with narrow cores protected by transition zones and developed drainage. When constructing such dams in the winter, especially in the case of heavy snow falls, it is easier to check the quality of placing the material in the zone of increased attention — core-filter. 相似文献
6.
| 1. |
Provision for stability of slopes is one of the main problems in designing plains PSHS.
| | 2. |
The reasons for occurrence and a chain reaction of development of landslide phenomena on the south slope of the area of basic structures of the Zagorsk PSHS were peculiarities of its engineering-geological structure that were not properly taken into account in designing and carrying out construction work.
| | 3. |
For the purpose of stabilizing the landslide slope, a system of engineering measures was developed and implemented, including a change in the configuration and structure of the right-bank abutment of the upper-basin levee to the water intake, construction of a banquette, filling of a counterbanquette, draining of moraine loams, grading of the slope, surface water diversion, and monitoring of the state of the slope and elements of the antilandslide protection.
| | 4. |
Data from full-scale observatins indicate the effectiveness of the antilandslide measures that were performed and a state of the slope corresponding to criteria for the hydro development's safe operation.
| | 5. |
Innovative elements of the system of measures to stabilize the south landslide slope of the Zagorsk PSHS are:
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| – |
the complex nature of measures, providing for the optimum set of criteria with respect to reliability, technological efficiency, construction time, and cost of adjusted expenditures;
| | – |
minimization of one-time and total excavation for the banquette, providing for the least disruption of the slope in the process of construction;
| | – |
draining of moraine loams, which has no known analog;
| | – |
the use of an ejector unwatering system, which provides for minimum adjusted expenditures on construction and operation of the drainage system.
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Deceased. 相似文献
7.
| 1. |
Despite their openness, transverse discontinuous structures have a jetty effect.
| | 2. |
Discontinuous structures formed by two rows of rectangular support masses connected by longitudinal beams have the strongest effect on the dynamics of a pebble beach.
| | 3. |
It can be recommended to use circular supports with a diameter of not more than 2 m arranged in one row at a distance of at least 6 m from one another for constructing hydraulic structures intersecting pebble beaches.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 23–25, May, 1989. 相似文献
8.
Conclusions
| 1. |
A sliding transition makes it possible to transmit the entire horizontal pressure of the upper pool to the downstream shoulder
of the fill dam. The use of a bitumen coating on fibreglass fabric as a sliding elements provides complete impermeability
of the sliding joint.
|
| 2. |
Deviation from a linear distribution of the passive earth pressure of the downstream shoulder on the vertical face of the
diaphragm and facing remains unclear in a calculation respect, although room for these deviations is small. For a rigid facing
these deviations do not have significance, for a diaphragm they can affects its design.
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| 3. |
The profile of a fill dam with a vertical concrete facing having a sliding transition shown in Fig. 1 is the results of the
design studies. This profile can be recommended with confidence as the initial one for further designing. With respect to
the design of the diaphragm, there is nothing concrete at present.
|
| 4. |
It is desirable that design organizations whose designs of hydrostations have still not been approved prepare also alternative
variants of dams with facings.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 11, pp. 53–54, November, 1999. 相似文献
9.
An analysis of the experience in the Soviet Union and in foreign countries with conveyor transportation in the mining industry,
as well as with use of conveyors in hydraulic construction shows that the introduction of conveyor transportation in the field
of construction of embankment dams in this country, for delivery of earth-rock material from quarries, as well as for carrying
raw materials to concentrating plants processing nonmetallic minerals, will make it possible.
| 1) |
To reduce substantially the personnel nees.
|
| 2) |
To lower significantly the transportation costs for delivery of earth-rock materials to construction sites and to concentrating
plants processing nonmetallic mateirals (rubble, gravel, and sand);
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| 3) |
To reduce the need for trucks, by replacing them with conveyors;
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| 4) |
To increase the rate of delivery of earth-rock materials from quarries for dam, construction and, consequently, to reduce
the times of completion.
|
| 5) |
To reduce the volume of housing, cultural-welfare, and auxiliary-subsidiary construction in owing to the lower needs for personnel
in conveyor transportation;
|
| 6) |
To eliminate the need for constructing a large number of roads with rigid pavements for large-capacity dump trucks;
|
| 7) |
To raise the technical level of the earth-rock work.
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相似文献
10.
| 1. |
Modified wood is an effective substitute of the laminated wood lining of bearing bushings for vertical pump units.
| | 2. |
An investigation of modified wood showed that this material in some indices (friction coefficient and wear resistance) is better than laminated wood.
| | 3. |
Since there is no mass manufacture and centralized supply of modified wood, it is possible to create a technological department for its production.
| | 4. |
Organization of the department does not require capital expenditures and special accommodations.
| | 5. |
Machining of the wood is performed on ordinary metal-cutting machines with the use of the tools used when machining laminated woods.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 7, pp. 33–35, July, 1991. 相似文献
11.
| 1. |
At present Gidroproekt has gained considerable experience in calculating the stability and designing rock slopes. In all, the stability of more than 100 slopes at 20 Soviet hydropower facilities has been analyzed during the period since 1970.
| | 2. |
Cases of failure of the masses related to errors in design have not been observed at a single one of the designed slopes, which permits concluding the soundness of the method used by the authors for calculating the stability of rock slopes and analyzing the initial information.
| | 3. |
The conditions of conducting and the parameters of drilling and blasting operations have a noticeable effect on slope stability and their angles, which indicates the need for the thorough development and rigorous observance of the plans of the drilling and blasting operations.
| | 4. |
At a number of hydropower facilities detailed calculations of stability made it possible to eliminate costly engineering measures, as a result of which about 1 million rubles were saved.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 4–8, December, 1989. 相似文献
12.
| 1. |
Conversion of the gravity dam from traditional to reduced shapes can be effected with a more complete utilization of the compressive
strength of the concrete and by permitting cracks to open in its upstream face.
|
| 2. |
The following structural measures should be taken to guarantee the stability and strength of the type of dam proposed: a)
the installation of a lining along the upstream face and a system of drains developed behind it; b) carrying the grout curtain
upstream and joining it with the dam.
|
| 3. |
The set of computations performed and the model studies conducted confirmed the strength and stability of the dam design that
we developed.
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| 4. |
The proposed design makes it possible to reduce the volume of concrete and the cost.
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相似文献
13.
Conclusions
| 1. |
The seismicity of the region of the Zeya hydroelectric plant, which has been defined more precisely, is (for the MCE) nine
points; this exceeds the computed seismicity adopted during the design of the structures for the hydraulic facility by two
points.
|
| 2. |
The stress-strain state and stability of the Zeya Dam under basic load combination are in line with standard requirements.
|
| 3. |
It is impossible to substantiate the earthquake resistance of the dam within the framework of the linearelastic calculation
for both the DE, and also, not to mention, the MCE.
|
| 4. |
Calculations performed with consideration of the actual strength and deformation properties of the concrete on the assumption
of the possibility of crack formation indicated that damages sustained by the dam during a nine-point earthquake will not
result in break through of the thrust face, and can be subsequently eliminated.
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| 5. |
Considering the low effectiveness of measures taken to improve the earthquake resistance of the dam, and also the possibility
of performing repairs and bringing the dam to a serviceable condition after passage of the computed earthquake, it is recommended
preliminarily not to implement at the present time measures to improve the earthquake resistance of the dam, which were limited
only to providing for the possibility of discharging the additional water flow that feeds into the drainage system of the
dam via cracks formed on the upstream face during the earthquake.
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| 6. |
The conclusion concerning the retention of the dam's bearing capacity corresponds to the effect of a single earthquake. It
is impossible to assess the probability of the passage of a repeated seismic effect, and in the case of the high realization
of this probability, to establish the level of the dam's earthquake resistance when subjected to a succession of earthquakes,
when subsequent tremors (aftershocks) will be taken up by the structure, which has sustained damage during the initial earthquake.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 6–12, February, 1999. 相似文献
14.
| 1. |
The energy-storage hydroelectric station (ESHES) can provide a 1.5–2-fold increase in peak capacity with a simultaneous threefold
decrease in daily fluctuations of the water level in the lower pool.
|
| 2. |
A decrease in the length of the concrete structures located in the river channel (especially the length) of the powerhouse)
reduces the consumption of concrete for the ESHES in comparison with the HES, which compensates for the cost of constructing
the additional structures of the ESHES.
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| 3. |
Unlike the HES, the ESHES operates in a sharp-peak regime and also during passage of flood waters.
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| 4. |
Contrarotating pump-turbines are best suited for an ESHES because of various combinations of heads on its turbine and pump
parts.
|
| 5. |
With increase in the speed of multistage hydraulic machines their placement depth decreases and the cost of the powerhouse
is reduced.
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相似文献
15.
Conclusions
| 1. |
It is necessary to revise urgently SNiP 2.06.05-84x with respect to the designs of dams being constructed in the northern
construction-climatic zone, i.e., to remove all vagueness in understanding the basic design principles.
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| 2. |
The top of watertight zones of dams should exceed the elevation of the HFL by amounts specified by SNiP. When necessary, in
connection with seasonal freezing and thawing of the upper part of the core, additional measures should be provided for ensuring
local static stability and seepage strength.
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| 3. |
Large dams should be evaluated under the aegis of the National Committee on Large Dams, whose role in this matter must be
increased. It is necessary to establish legislatively the procedure of changing the designs of dams after approving the projects.
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| 4. |
A coordination center processing all information on construction and operation should be created for large dams and dams being
constructed in the northern construction-climatic zone. The best solutions should be recommended for implementation.
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| 5. |
It is necessary to reconstruct the upper part of the dams of the Kureika hydrodevelopment, using above the NPL soils of an
analogous composition for the entire zone of the core with provision of its seepage strength by an additional filter layer
of sorted sand of fractions 0–10 mm. Reconstruction of the dam crests will make it possible not only to obtain additional
power production due to the prism of the reservoir between the NPL and HFL within 150–200 million kWh/yr.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo. No. 3, pp. 41–45, March. 1998. 相似文献
16.
Conclusions
| 1. |
Gidrospetsproekt should design the groundwater system.
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| 2. |
One contractor should drill the wells and operate the groundwater-lowering system.
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| 3. |
In connection with the geological conditions, the wells should be of very high quality, for which own enrichment of the filter
material (sand of the blanket) and strict control during drilling the wells are necessary.
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| 4. |
It is efficient to drill the wells by a 1BA-15V rig with a tool with backwashing.
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| 5. |
With respect to piles of the penstock foundation: Drilling the holes for the piles should be done only with casings. To organize
24-h work for increasing productivity. Works on forming the pile heads should be done immediately after concreting the pile.
The piles should be tested after each change in the geological conditions.
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| 6. |
With respect vertical drainage: the wells should be of high quality, with an enormous safety margin.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 29–33, October, 1999. 相似文献
17.
Conclusions
| 1. |
Theoretical investigations and bench tests on a pump model made it possible to obtain the setting geometry that ensures extremely
good power characteristics for pumps having large setting flow areas.
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| 2. |
It is recommended to use wear-resistant white chromium-manganese cast iron for components in the setting of the GrT-4000/71
soil pump, which is intended for the transfer of sandy-gravelly soils with a lump size no greater than 60 mm.
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| 3. |
Use of a dual-cup rubber shaft seal is recommended to improve the operational reliability of the pump.
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| 4. |
To extend the longevity and improve the reliability of the drive of the soil pump, it is proposed to use a bearing with a
set of spring that lower the axial forces on the bearing.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 31–37, February, 1999. 相似文献
18.
| 1. |
The morphometric method of estimating the geometry of stable canal channels, as based on a deeper physical nature and using the fluvial process theory principle, has become most popular in solving the problem of designing canals in alluvial soil. It can be considered that sufficiently reliable relations have presently been obtained which can be used in practice with consideration of the particular canal operating conditions.
| | 2. |
More detailed investigations of the separate consideration of the transport of bottom and suspended sediments on stability for providing channel stability of canals when vvne are needed for refining the morphometric relations.
| | 3. |
It is necessary to continue investigations of the effect of the sediment concentration of a flow on the velocity structure of the flow and noneroding velocity.
| | 4. |
It is necessary to consider as one of the most important problems of open-channel hydraulics the activation of experimental and theoretical investigations of the three-dimensional turbulent structure of a flow for the purpose of estimating the distributon of local velocities in the flow cross section as a function of the size of the channel and roughness of its walls.
| | 5. |
For dynamically stable canal channels investigations are needed for estimating the roughness coefficient as a function of the channel size , shape, sediment concentration of the flow, and bed-load transport.
| | 6. |
It is necessary to prepare the relevant materials for compiling standard data on the design of dynamically stable canals.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 37–42, March, 1991. 相似文献
19.
| 1. |
The adopted design and construction schemes for the dam made it possible to place, under complex geologic and hydrologic conditions, the dam fills without trench construction or drainage, which permitted starting sooner the fill placement work and sharply reduced the construction cost.
| | 2. |
For the dam engineering work, use was made of national and foreign experience in construction of high rock-earth dams -the dam core was constructed using clay-skeleton soil fills; the developed transition zones were made using fills consisting of inexpensive natural soils, which made it possible to eliminate the use of artificial mixes; and zoned placement of soils in the dam shells was carried out.
| | 3. |
The construction method and sequence made it possible to build the dam under complex climatic conditions within the established period and to use soils from useful excavations almost exclusively.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 6, pp. 12–16, June, 1991. 相似文献
20.
| 1. |
Small hydrostations under high-mountain conditions should operate with trash racks, devices should be provided for their cleaning from trash and shuga, as well as shuga-deflectors into the diversion canal.
| | 2. |
To reduce abrasion of the turbine equipment, it is necessary to provide operation of the suspended-particle settling basins.
| | 3. |
Specifications on the assembly of bearings and movable couplings should be developed for conducting maintenance works.
| | 4. |
During restoration works the profile of the runner blades should be made strictly according to the template in conformity with the plant drawings.
| | 5. |
Extremely necessary is the equipping of hydrostation with means for monitoring the technial parameters (bearing temperature, water pressure in the passage, wobble of the shafting, etc.), observation of the changes in which will make it possible to carry out in good time preventive maintenance and to reduce the probability of occurrence of breakdown.
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Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 43–45, March, 1990. 相似文献
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