Facile hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of LaFeO3 nanospheres for visible light photocatalytic applications

LaFeO₃ nanospheres were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination. Citric acid was found to be key factor to the purity and the surface morphology of the LaFeO₃ nanospheres. The obtained nanospheres have been structurally characterized by XRD which confirms the single crystalline orthorhombic structure. The structural information of the nanosphere was also confirmed from the Raman spectrum. HRSEM and AFM revealed that the prepared sample has been composed of spherical like morphology with an average size of about 45 nm. From XPS analysis, the chemical state of the LaFeO₃ nanospheres was confirmed. Magnetic measurement indicates the products shows weak magnetic behaviour. The UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis shows strong absorption at 466 nm which confirms that the obtained material has excellent visible light absorption ability. Furthermore, the photocatalytic experiment demonstrates that the prepared LaFeO₃ nanospheres exhibit well and stable photocatalytic activity for decomposition of methyl orange under visible-light irradiation.     

无机酸刻蚀多孔氮化碳的合成及光催化性能

通过合理的形貌调控使石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)低维化和多孔化,是提高其光催化活性的有效途径.采用高温煅烧方法制备了HCl、HNO_3和H_2SO_4刻蚀的g-C_3N_4,并对它们进行了结构形貌表征、形成机理探究和光催化降解罗丹明B测试,还给出了活性增强机理.结果显示:酸刻蚀g-C_3N_4具有和g-C_3N_4相同的基本晶体结构,但是呈薄片状,且表面出现了大量纳米孔,这些孔是由无机酸阻碍前驱体中N—H键参与热缩聚反应所致,按照HCl、HNO_3、H_2SO_4的顺序阻碍作用依次增强,对应的孔径依次增大,结构边缘(C)_2—N—H基团的XPS特征峰强度也依次增加;经过40 min光反应,g-C_3N_4和HCl、HNO_3、H_2SO_4刻蚀的g-C_3N_4对罗丹明B的降解率分别为45%、 56%、 52%和95%,H_2SO_4刻蚀的g-C_3N_4光催化活性最高;酸刻蚀引起的薄片和多孔结构不仅增加了g-C_3N_4的比表面积,促进了暗条件下对罗丹明B的吸附,还通过量子限域效应提高了其光吸收能力,拓宽了禁带宽度,有效促进了光生电荷的分离.因此,酸刻蚀克服了g-C_3N_4的缺点,为探寻其光催化活性的提高方法提供了有价值的启发.     

Hydrogen production using zinc-doped carbon nitride catalyst irradiated with visible light

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has been investigated as a photocatalyst for water splitting and organic dye degradation. In this study, we have developed a simple soft-chemical method of doping Zn into g-C₃N₄ to prepare a metal-containing carbon nitride. The doping was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffusion reflectance spectra revealed a significant red shift in the absorption edge of Zn/g-C₃N₄. This hybrid material shows high photocatalytic activity and good stability for hydrogen evolution from an aqueous methanol solution under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm). The hydrogen evolution rate was more than 10 times higher for a 10%-Zn/g-C₃N₄ sample (59.5 μmol h⁻¹) than for pure g-C₃N₄. The maximum quantum yield was 3.2% at 420 nm.     

Hydrogen production using zinc-doped carbon nitride catalyst irradiated with visible light

Abstract

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has been investigated as a photocatalyst for water splitting and organic dye degradation. In this study, we have developed a simple soft-chemical method of doping Zn into g-C₃N₄ to prepare a metal-containing carbon nitride. The doping was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffusion reflectance spectra revealed a significant red shift in the absorption edge of Zn/g-C₃N₄. This hybrid material shows high photocatalytic activity and good stability for hydrogen evolution from an aqueous methanol solution under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm). The hydrogen evolution rate was more than 10 times higher for a 10%-Zn/g-C₃N₄ sample (59.5 μmol h^?1) than for pure g-C₃N₄. The maximum quantum yield was 3.2% at 420 nm.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity induced by defect engineering in porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this study, we develop a synergistic strategy combining defect engineering and porous structures to increase the photocatalytic activity...     

Higher visible photocatalytic activities of nitrogen doped In2TiO5 sensitized by carbon nitride

N-doped In(2)TiO(5) modified by carbon nitride (CN) composite (NICN) has been prepared by the pyrogenation of the mixture of urea and In(2)TiO(5) through a polymerizable complex (PC) method. The powder samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-vis, and XPS. It is shown by XRD that the precursor sintered at 1000°C is pure and nitrogen dopant does not change the crystal structure of In(2)TiO(5). FESEM and TEM reveal a hole-like morphology of the prepared NICN. With the increase of nitrogen content, the light absorption onset of In(2)TiO(5) shifts from 410 nm to 450 nm, revealing significant narrowing of the band gap. XPS results suggest that only 2.2% of the nitrogen atoms were doped into In(2)TiO(5) through the urea pyrogenation method. Furthermore, the decomposition of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) under visible light reveals that Rh-B can be degraded completely within 20 min and recycling experiments indicate NICN has stable structure and durable photocatalytic activity, suggesting a promising utilization of such photocatalyst under visible light. Finally, an innovative mechanism of N-doped In(2)TiO(5) sensitized by carbon nitride polymer is proposed.     

Facile preparation of N-doped porous carbon and its CO2 gas adsorption performance

Journal of Materials Science - Although carbon material are widely used for gas separation and adsorption due to its well-developed pore structure, their prevalent wide pore size distribution and...     

Constructing CdSe QDs modified porous g-C3N4 heterostructures for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen production

Constructing heterostructures with narrow-band-gap semiconductors is a promising strategy to extend light absorption range of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and simultaneously promote charge separa-tion for its photocatalytic activity improvement.However,its highly localized electronic states of g-C3N4 hinder photo-carrier migration through bulk towards heterostructure interfaces,resulting in low charge carrier separation effidency of solid bulk g-C3N4-based heterostructures.Herein,porous g-C3N4 (PCN)material with greatly shortened migration distance of photo-carriers from bulk to surface was used as an effective substrate to host CdSe quantum dots to construct type Ⅱ heterostructure of CdSe/PCN for pho-tocatalytic hydrogen production.The homogeneous modification of the CdSe quantum dots throughout the whole bulk of PCN together with proper band alignments between CdSe and PCN enables the ef-fective separation of photo-generated charge carriers in the heterostructure.Consequently,the CdSe/PCN heterostructure photocatalyst gives the greatly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of 192.3 μmol h-1,which is 4.4 and 8.1 times that of CdSe andPCN,respectively.This work provides a fea-sible strategy to construct carbon nitride-based heterostructure photocatalysts for boosting visible light driven water splitting performance.     

Rose Bengal-Cu-TiO2的制备及可见光制氢活性研究

用光还原方法制备了负载Cu的光催化剂Cu-TiO2，并通过染料Rose bengal敏化，制备了具有可见光活性的Rose bengal-Cu-TiO2光催化剂，通过可见光下光解水制氢考察了催化剂的活性，并利用XRD、UV-Vis等手段对样品进行了表征。实验表明：载Cu增强了TiO2对可见光的吸收，Cu负载量对催化剂活性有一定的影响，Cu的最佳负载量为5％（质量分数）。Cu的负载也增加了TiO2对染料的吸附强度和吸附量，从而提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收和光催化活性。但载Cu的TiO2催化剂的活性和传统的载贵金属Pt的TiO2催化剂相比，其光催化活性较低，有待进一步提高．     

Rose bengal-Cu-TiO2的制备及可见光制氢活性研究

用光还原方法制备了负载Cu的光催化剂Cu-TiO2,用染料Rose bengal敏化Cu-TiO2制备了具有可见光活性的Rose bengal-Cu-TiO2光催化剂,通过可见光(λ≥420nm)下分解水制氢考察了催化剂的活性,利用XRD、UV-vis吸收光谱对样品进行了表征.结果表明:载Cu增强了TiO2对可见光的吸收,Cu负载量对催化剂活性有一定的影响,Cu的最佳负载量为5%(质量分数).Cu的负载也增加了TiO2对染料的吸附,从而提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收和光催化活性.     

Facile preparation of mesoporous titanium nitride microspheres for electrochemical energy storage

In this study, mesoporous TiN spheres with tunable diameter have been fabricated via a facile template-free strategy. Under ammonia atmosphere, mesoporous TiO? spheres are directly converted into mesoporous TiN spheres with the addition of cyanamide to retain the original morphology. The electrochemical performance of the resultant mesoporous TiN spheres demonstrates that this material can be a promising electrode material for nonaqueous supercapacitors with high energy densities.     

Sodium-doped carbon nitride nanotubes for efficient visible light-driven hydrogen production

Nano Research - Sodium-doped carbon nitride nanotubes (Na x -CNNTs) were prepared by a green and simple two-step method and applied in photocatalytic water splitting for the first time....     

可见光诱导型含硒离子源掺杂的纳米TiO_2的可控制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,分别以三乙醇胺和亚氨基二乙酸为水解抑制剂,合成了掺杂SeO2-3离子源不同含量的纳米TiO2,并在可见光范围内对孔雀石绿(MG)进行光催化活性评价。结果表明,SeO2-3离子源掺杂能够有效地提高纳米TiO2的光催化性能,并且确定了不同条件下合成的纳米TiO2的最佳掺杂含量和反应条件。对掺杂的TiO2进行了紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)、傅里叶变换红外(IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、光电子能谱(XPS)以及氮物理等温吸附(BET)等系列表征,揭示了催化剂的表面性能、电子结构、脱水性能、吸附性能、结晶程度、晶相结构等多方面协同作用是SeO2-3离子源掺杂的TiO2具有最高的光催化活性的原因,该研究可能为新型高性能光催化材料的发展提供理论基础与应用支撑。     

Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres

In this paper, hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres were successfully synthesized by calcining the microspheric zinc hydroxide carbonate (ZHC) precursor, which were the precipitate products of a hydrothermal reaction by zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea in the presence of trisodium citrate. The as-prepared ZnO microspheres with diameters of 4-5 μm were assembled by numerous porous nanosheets which had the uniform thickness of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO microspheres was evaluated by photodegradation reaction of methylene blue (MB). The as-prepared ZnO microspheres exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity than commercial ZnO and TiO₂. This was mainly attributed to the larger specific surface area and stability against aggregation.     

Photocatalytic removal of phenol under visible light irradiation on zinc phthalocyanine/mesoporous carbon nitride nanocomposites

A series of zinc phthalocyanine/mesoporous carbon nitride (ZnPc/MCN) nanocomposites was prepared successfully by an impregnation method. The addition of ZnPc (0.05–1.5 wt%) extended the absorption of MCN to longer visible light region without affected its structure. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites for phenol removal depended on the loading amount of ZnPc. The photocatalytic activity of the MCN increased as the amount of ZnPc increased to 0.05 wt%, but further increase in the loading amount decreased the activity. It was suggested that the optimum amount of ZnPc acted as a good photosensitiser that effectively induced electron charge transfer and reduced the electron-hole recombination.     

多孔TiO2的制备表征及光催化研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物，在溶胶-凝胶法和硬脂酸法的合成样品的过程中添加正硅酸乙酯，分别合成出纳米TiO2，焙烧成晶后通过HF除去硅，形成了多孔TiO2。通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis、BET等测试手段，比较正硅酸乙酯对不同合成方法合成的样品的影响。在对甲基橙的紫外光催化试验中，添加正硅酸乙酯再由HF处理后合成的样品表现出较高的催化活性，这与此方法合成的样品的表面积较大有关。     

Facile synthesis of boron nitride coating on carbon nanotubes

Boron nitride (BN) coating on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was synthesized by the direct reaction of NaBH₄ and NH₄Cl in the temperature range of 500–600 °C. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the formation of BN coating. It is revealed that the BN coating follows the shape of CNTS without damaging the surface of CNTs, and the elements B and N distribute homogenously along the whole CNTs without chemical bonds between carbon and BN layers. Besides, the oxidation resistance of the CNTs improved a lot after being coated with BN.     

Mn、N共掺杂TiO_2负载竹质活性炭纤维的制备及可见光光催化性能

为研究Mn、N共掺杂TiO_2负载竹质活性炭纤维(Mn-N/TiO_2-BACF)的可见光光催化性能,首先,以MnSO_4·H_2O为锰源,尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了光催化复合材料Mn-N/TiO_2-BACF;然后,利用SEM、XRD及XPS等考察了煅烧温度对Mn-N/TiO_2-BACF结构和可见光光催化性能的影响。结果表明:Mn、N共掺杂使光催化复合材料的光响应范围由紫外光区域拓宽至可见光区域;随煅烧温度的提高,光催化复合材料表面的晶格氧含量逐渐降低,吸附氧含量先降低后增加,而羟基氧含量有所增加;光照400min后,350℃锻烧制备的Mn-N/TiO_2-BACF在可见光下对亚甲基蓝的光降解率达99.7%。同时,还发现Mn-N/TiO_2-BACF在可见光下的光降解率与煅烧温度没有相关性。