基于迁移技术的云资源动态调度策略研究

现有云资源管理平台存在着瞬时资源利用率峰值易引发迁移、动态负载效果不佳等问题。依据云资源动态调度模型,提出了有效的基于迁移技术的虚拟机动态调度算法。算法将物理节点负载与虚拟机迁移损耗评估、多次触发控制、目标节点定位三者有机结合,实现云计算数据中心高效的动态负载均衡。实验结果表明,该算法优于CloudSim的DVFS调度策略,在保证应用服务水平的同时能减少虚拟机迁移次数和物理机启用数量。     

基于模糊动态阈值机制的能效虚拟机合并决策方法

动态虚拟机合并是云数据中心改善功耗和资源利用率的有效方法,但负载变化使数据中心较难维持服务等级协议SLA和最优能效.针对该问题,提出一种模糊动态阈值方法对虚拟机合并过程进行决策,在动态负载环境下实现最小化的虚拟机迁移量.该算法利用模糊推理系统动态调整主机资源利用阈值,使得超载主机上的虚拟机迁移大幅降低,并可以满足服务等...     

改进指数平滑预测的虚拟机自适应迁移策略

针对云数据中心虚拟机频繁迁移问题对虚拟机迁移时机进行研究,提出一种基于改进指数平滑预测的虚拟机自适应迁移策略.该策略采用双阈值和预测相结合的方法,连续判断负载状态触发负载预测,然后,根据历史负载值自适应地预测下一时刻主机负载状态并触发虚拟机迁移,实现主机负载平衡,提高迁移效率,降低能耗.经实验表明,该方法在能耗和虚拟机迁移次数方面分别可降低约7.34%和58.55%,具有良好的优化效果.     

基于贪心算法的容器云资源低能耗部署方法

将容器云平台资源整体能耗最低作为目标,设计基于贪心算法的容器云资源低能耗部署方法。在物理主机与虚拟机对应、虚拟机与容器对应等约束条件下,结合静态和动态两个部分构建容器云资源能耗模型。通过资源虚拟化与去除冗余两个步骤,得到容器云资源的整合结果。检测物理机负载状态,确定虚拟机迁移源物理机和目标物理机,利用贪心算法均衡调度容器云资源负载,最终通过容器云资源编排重组,实现容器云资源低能耗部署。通过与传统部署方法的对比得出结论：在优化设计部署方法下,容器云资源的利用率和负载均衡度得到明显提升,能量损耗明显下降。     

能耗感知下云资源三支粒度调度策略研究

云资源调度是云数据中心的一种重要节能方式。然而,实际云平台中,受单一物理机资源限制,存在虚拟机资源竞争和利用率低的问题。对此,通过分析虚拟机负载相似性及资源占有度问题,提出一种基于三支决策的能耗感知虚拟机迁移策略。首先,在虚拟机迁移过程中,设计云资源的三支划分策略,并使用K-means算法在划分区域选择待迁移的虚拟机序列;其次,依据虚拟机与物理机的负载相似度,获取虚拟机放置顺序;最后,依托CloudSimPlus云仿真平台验证了所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效降低云能耗,实现资源充分利用。     

INTER-VMM:融合虚拟机选择和放置的虚拟机迁移模型

低能量消耗与物理资源的充分利用是绿色云数据中心构造的两个主要目标,需要采用虚拟机迁移模型来完成优化,为此提出了融合虚拟机选择和放置的虚拟机迁移模型INTER-VMM（Interrelation approach in virtual machine migration）。INTER-VMM设计了云数据中心的基于多维物理资源约束的能量消耗模型,是一种将主机负载检测、虚拟机选择及放置结合起来考虑的虚拟机迁移策略。在虚拟机选择中采用HPS（High CPU utilization selection）选择法,选择超负载物理主机上CPU利用率最高的一个虚拟机,让其进入候选迁移虚拟机列表中。在虚拟机放置中采用空间感知分配（Space aware placement, SAP）放置法,考虑了充分利用物理主机空余空间使用效率的方法。仿真结果表明,INTER-VMM比近几年来常见的虚拟机迁移策略具有更好的性能指标,对云服务提供商具有很好的参考价值。     

基于BP神经网络的气象云资源调度系统

人工调度气象云资源会造成资源浪费。本文设计一种基于BP神经网络的气象云资源调度系统。该系统使用BP神经网络学习虚拟机负载历史数据,并对其进行预测;基于预测的虚拟机负载,设计一种面向多类资源的虚拟机非增排序策略;使用首次适应算法对排序后的虚拟机进行云资源调度。该系统在江西省气象云平台中进行了实验和功能验证。     

面向校园云平台的虚拟机调度机制

随着教学信息化的不断深化,校园云平台越来越普及,但是实际应用中资源利用率仍然较低,核心问题在于当前的虚拟机调度机制未考虑校园应用的特征,从而导致负载不均和资源浪费。为了解决这一问题,提出面向校园云平台的虚拟机调度机制,定义课程需求模型、物理机负载模型,并在此基础上提出虚拟机部署方法。该机制可适应教学应用周期性、可预测性、批量性等特点,并实现节能及负载均衡的目标。实际平台验证表明,该机制可有效降低能耗并实现负载均衡。     

云数据中心中一种物理资源利用阈值边界管理策略

提出了云数据中心的一种物理资源利用阈值边界管理策略RUT-MS(physical resource utilization thresholds management strategy)。RUT-MS把虚拟机迁移过程进一步划分为超负载主机检测、虚拟机选择、虚拟机放置第1阶段、低负载主机检测和虚拟机放置第2阶段。使用一种迭代权重线性回归方法来预测物理资源的阈值上限,避免超负载的物理主机数量的增加;采用最小能量消耗策略完成虚拟机选择过程。使用多维物理资源的均方根来确定其资源使用阈值下限,减少低负载主机数量。实验结果表明： RUT-MS物理资源利用阈值边界管理策略使云数据中心的能量消耗和虚拟机迁移次数明显减少,SLA违规率和SLA及能量消耗联合指标只有少量的增加。     

一种新的物理主机资源利用阈值边界管理策略

提出了一种新的物理主机资源利用阈值边界管理策略（Physical host resource utilization thresholds management strategy, RUT-MS）。RUT-MS把云数据中心的虚拟机迁移过程进一步划分为超负载主机检测、虚拟机选择、虚拟机放置第1阶段、低负载主机检测和虚拟机放置第2阶段。使用一种迭代权重线性回归方法来预测物理资源的阈值上限,避免超负载的物理主机数量的增加;采用最小能量消耗策略完成虚拟机选择过程;使用多维物理资源的均方根来确定其资源使用阈值下限,减少低负载物理主机数量。实验结果表明： RUT-MS物理资源利用阈值边界管理策略使云数据中心的能量消耗和虚拟机迁移次数明显减少,SLA（Service level agreement）违规率和SLA及能量消耗联合指标只有少量的增加。     

虚拟计算环境下虚拟机资源负载均衡方法

针对虚拟机资源粒度大和迁移时传输数据量大的特点,提出一种基于虚拟机迁移的负载均衡方法。该方法利用负载阈值对宿主机后续时间节点的负载趋势进行预测,避免瞬时负载峰值触发的虚拟机迁移问题。在触发迁移后采用加权概率转发方式选择迁移目标节点,解决传统负载均衡技术中的群聚冲突问题。实验结果表明,在宿主机负载分布严重不平衡的情况下,该方法能有效改善系统性能。     

基于动态调整阈值的虚拟机迁移算法

针对当前数据中心服务器能耗优化和虚拟机迁移时机合理性问题,提出一种基于动态调整阈值（DAT）的虚拟机迁移算法。该算法首先通过统计分析物理机历史负载数据动态地调整虚拟机迁移的阈值门限,然后通过延时触发和预测物理机的负载趋势确定虚拟机迁移时机。最后将该算法应用到实验室搭建的数据中心平台上进行实验验证,结果表明基于DAT的虚拟机迁移算法比静态阈值法关闭的物理机数量更多,云数据中心能耗更低。基于DAT的虚拟机迁移算法能根据物理机的负载变化动态迁移虚拟机,达到提高物理机资源利用率、降低数据中心能耗、提高虚拟机迁移效率的目的。     

Task-Based System Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Live virtual machine (VM) migration is a technique for achieving system load balancing in a cloud environment by transferring an active VM from one physical host to another. This technique has been proposed to reduce the downtime for migrating overloaded VMs, but it is still time- and cost-consuming, and a large amount of memory is involved in the migration process. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a Task-based System Load Balancing method using Particle Swarm Optimization (TBSLB-PSO) that achieves system load balancing by only transferring extra tasks from an overloaded VM instead of migrating the entire overloaded VM. We also design an optimization model to migrate these extra tasks to the new host VMs by applying Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). To evaluate the proposed method, we extend the cloud simulator (Cloudsim) package and use PSO as its task scheduling model. The simulation results show that the proposed TBSLB-PSO method significantly reduces the time taken for the load balancing process compared to traditional load balancing approaches. Furthermore, in our proposed approach the overloaded VMs will not be paused during the migration process, and there is no need to use the VM pre-copy process. Therefore, the TBSLB-PSO method will eliminate VM downtime and the risk of losing the last activity performed by a customer, and will increase the Quality of Service experienced by cloud customers.     

Towards an adaptive human-centric computing resource management framework based on resource prediction and multi-objective genetic algorithm

The complexity, scale and dynamic of data source in the human-centric computing bring great challenges to maintainers. It is problem to be solved that how to reduce manual intervention in large scale human-centric computing, such as cloud computing resource management so that system can automatically manage according to configuration strategies. To address the problem, a resource management framework based on resource prediction and multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm resource allocation (RPMGA-RMF) was proposed. It searches for optimal load cluster as training sample based on load similarity. The neural network (NN) algorithm was used to predict resource load. Meanwhile, the model also built virtual machine migration request in accordance with obtained predicted load value. The multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) based on hybrid group encoding algorithm was introduced for virtual machine (VM) resource management, so as to provide optimal VM migration strategy, thus achieving adaptive optimization configuration management of resource. Experimental resource based on CloudSim platform shows that the RPMGA-RMF can decrease VM migration times while reduce physical node simultaneously. The system energy consumption can be reduced and load balancing can be achieved either.     

基于深度强化学习的自适应虚拟机整合方法

能耗限制的服务质量优化问题一直以来都是数据中心虚拟机资源管理所面临的巨大挑战之一.尽管现有的工作通过虚拟机整合技术一定程度上降低了能耗和提升了系统服务质量,但这些方法通常难以实现长期最优的管理目标,并且容易受到业务场景变化的影响,面临变更困难以及管理成本高等难题.针对数据中心虚拟机资源管理存在的能耗和服务质量长期最优难保证以及策略调整灵活性差的问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的自适应虚拟机整合方法(deep reinforcement learning-based adaptive virtual machine consolidation method, RA-VMC).该方法利用张量化状态表示、确定性动作输出、卷积神经网络和加权奖赏机制构建了从数据中心系统状态到虚拟机迁移策略的端到端决策模型;设计自动化状态生成机制和反向梯度限定机制以改进深度确定性策略梯度算法,加快虚拟机迁移决策模型的收敛速度并且保证近似最优的管理性能.基于真实虚拟机负载数据的仿真实验结果表明：与开源云平台中流行的虚拟机整合方法相比,该方法能够有效地降低能耗和提高系统的服务质量.     

基于LP&GR算法的多优先级虚拟机迁移策略研究*

如何对云计算中心的虚拟机(Virtual machine,VM)资源进行合理分配是近年来研究的一个热点问题。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于负载预测和灰色关联度(Load Prediction and Gray Relational,LP&GR)的虚拟机资源分配算法,通过预测虚拟机的负载状态防止虚拟机发生过载,并建立了基于虚拟机负载评价函数的决策分配模型。同时为虚拟机的迁移队列设置了多个优先级,结合了抢占式与非抢占式的执行策略,保证了虚拟机的有序迁移,并提高资源利用率。实验结果表明,结合多优先级的LP&GR算法同比其他算法能够有效实现云中心的负载均衡。     

Layered virtual machine migration algorithm for network resource balancing in cloud computing

Due to the increasing sizes of cloud data centers, the number of virtual machines (VMs) and applications rises quickly. The rapid growth of large scale Internet services results in unbalanced load of network resource. The bandwidth utilization rate of some physical hosts is too high, and this causes network congestion. This paper presents a layered VM migration algorithm (LVMM). At first, the algorithm will divide the cloud data center into several regions according to the bandwidth utilization rate of the hosts. Then we balance the load of network resource of each region by VM migrations, and ultimately achieve the load balance of network resource in the cloud data center. Through simulation experiments in different environments, it is proved that the LVMMalgorithm can effectively balance the load of network resource in cloud computing.     

Prediction-based proactive load balancing approach through VM migration

The ever-growing intricacy and dynamicity of Cloud Computing Systems has created a need for Proactive Load Balancing which is an effective approach to improve the scalability of today’s Cloud services. In order to manage the load proactively on the Cloud system during application execution, load should be predicted through machine learning approaches and handled through VM migration approaches. Thus, this paper formulates an effort to focus on the research problem of designing a prediction-based approach for facilitating proactive load balancing through the prediction of multiple resource utilization parameters in Cloud. The involvement of this paper is twofold. Firstly, various machine learning approaches have been tested and compared for predicting host overutilization as well as underutilization. Secondly, the load prediction model having maximum accuracy from the tested models has been utilized for implementing the proactive VM migration using multiple resource utilization parameters. Further, the proposed technique has been validated through performance evaluation parameters using CloudSim and Weka toolkits. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective for handling VM migration, reducing SLA Violations, VM migrations, execution mean and standard deviation time.     

云计算环境下软硬件节能和负载均衡策略

针对云计算服务环境下软硬件节能和负载均衡优化问题,提出一种自适应的云计算环境下虚拟机(VM)动态迁移软节能策略。该策略采用常用的硬件能耗感知技术——动态电压频率调节(DVFS)来实现分段优化的系统部件静态节能,又通过VM在线迁移技术实现云平台的动态自适应软件节能。在CloudSim云仿真平台下对比实现DVFS静态节能和自适应负载均衡的软节能策略,经PlanetLab云平台监测数据验证,结果表明：软硬结合的自适应能耗感知策略能够高效节能96%; DVFS+MAD_MMT节能策略(采用平均绝对偏差算法判定主机是否超载,基于最短迁移时间(MMT)原则选择VM移出)     

An Efficient On-Demand Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Using Common Deployment Model

Cloud Computing provides various services to the customer in a flexible and reliable manner. Virtual Machines (VM) are created from physical resources of the data center for handling huge number of requests as a task. These tasks are executed in the VM at the data center which needs excess hosts for satisfying the customer request. The VM migration solves this problem by migrating the VM from one host to another host and makes the resources available at any time. This process is carried out based on various algorithms which follow a predefined capacity of source VM leads to the capacity issue at the destination VM. The proposed VM migration technique performs the migration process based on the request of the requesting host machine. This technique can perform in three ways namely single VM migration, Multiple VM migration and Cluster VM migration. Common Deployment Manager (CDM) is used to support through negotiation that happens across the source host and destination host for providing the high quality service to their customer. The VM migration requests are handled with an exposure of the source host capabilities. The proposed analysis also uses the retired instructions with execution by the hypervisor to achieve high reliability. The objective of the proposed technique is to perform a VM migration process based on the prior knowledge of the resource availability in the target VM.