一种新的直线型Sagnac光纤干涉仪管道泄漏检测系统及其定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的直线型分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位。利用法拉第旋转镜将传统Sagnac干涉仪的环形结构改为直线型结构,使其适用于各种复杂管道的布放。推导了泄漏信号引起的光信号相位变化表达式;分析了该干涉仪应用于泄漏检测的原理及其泄漏源定位方法,并在泄漏点距法拉第旋转镜为4.020 km处进行了泄漏有无及定位的研究。实验结果表明,该系统很好地检测到泄漏源的有无,又较准确地确定了泄漏源位置且最大定位误差小于118 m。     

Sagnac fiber interferometer with the population grating for fiber Bragg grating dynamic strain sensing

A Sagnac fiber interferometer with the population grating formed in saturable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dynamic strain sensing is proposed. In this configuration, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based fiber ring laser with an FBG reflector is employed in the sensing part and a Sagnac interferometer based on transient two-wave mixing (TWM) via dynamic population gratings in single-mode polarization maintaining erbium-doped fiber (PM-EDF) is used in this detecting part. Experimental results show that the Sagnac fiber interferometer detection system can stably respond to dynamic strains at high frequencies. As an example of application, the response of the sensor system to continuous sinusoidal ultrasonic signals is presented. The proposed simple and robust configuration has an all-fiber design based on commercially available elements, which makes it promising for applications in fiber optic ultrasonic sensors.     

基于RSSI加权质心的光纤光栅传感网络冲击定位

针对材料结构损伤位置识别的精确定位问题,通过构建分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感网络,利用光纤光栅传感器的传感特性,根据感知的冲击响应信号强度(RSSI)以及冲击点到传感器距离的关系,提出一种基于RSSI加权质心的光纤光栅传感网络冲击载荷定位方法。设计合理的传感器网络监测布局,通过分析不同位置传感器感知的冲击响应信号强度辨识冲击点所在的区域,采用加权质心定位算法对冲击载荷的位置识别定位。试验表明:分别构建基于碳纤维复合材料结构板、钢板、木板损伤识别模式的定位监测实验系统,在300mm×300mm的监测区域内随机选取24个冲击点进行位置识别,能准确辨识所有实验冲击点所在的区域,并根据RSSI来确定冲击点的位置坐标,坐标定位的平均误差在15mm以内,可实现对冲击点位置的识别,为准确识别材料结构的损伤位置提供了一种实用可行的方法。     

基于菱形光纤布拉格光栅传感阵列的声发射定位技术

声发射技术是结构损伤检测的重要手段,声发射源定位是损伤检测的首要环节。时差定位技术具有快速、高效、精确的特点,以此设计了由菱形阵列光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器构成的声发射定位系统。采用小波变换和传统阈值法提取特征信号,结合互相关法获得传感器间的信号到达时差,然后根据几何定位模型求解非线性方程组得到声源可能存在的位置,最后根据时差的正负特性进一步确定声源的准确位置,有效避免了伪声源的情况。在铝合金板上,以对角线为48 cm48 cm的监测区域进行了10组测试实验验证,平均误差为1.29 cm。     

用于全光纤电流传感器的扭转高双折射光纤设计

传感光纤中的残余线性双折射、温度和振动敏感性严重影响着Sagnac 式全光纤电流传感器的精度。设计了一种可用于全光纤电流传感器的扭转高双折射光纤,该光纤由两端变速率扭转部分和中间匀速率扭转部分组成。其中,变速扭转部分能实现线偏振光和圆偏振光之间的相互转化,具有/4 波片功能;匀速扭转部分,具有较小的光纤固有线性双折射和圆保偏功能,从而可更为精确地感应法拉第效应。将这种扭转高双折射光纤绕制成特殊结构传感光纤环, 解决了Sagnac 效应以及电流导体位置对全光纤电流传感器测量结果的影响。理论上建立了扭转高双折射光纤的耦合模方程,模拟了线偏振光入射该光纤时光波偏振状态演化情况。在此基础上设计一种新型的抗振型Sagnac 式电流传感器。     

Acoustic emission source location in dispersive media

In this paper, the acoustic emission source (AE) is located by a non-iterative method using the time-of-arrival (TOA) of several events, received in an array of sensors arbitrary positioning in the 3D space. If at least two event velocities are different, a common property in dispersive propagation, and the array of sensors is not lying in a plane, a close-form estimation of the source–sensors distances, AE time and material constant is derived. Moreover, a direct estimation of the source position is achieved using the multidimensional scaling approach. In simulation experiments, the proposed method detects accurately the location of AE sources, reducing also the ambiguity introduced by noisy arrival times.     

A variable-loop Sagnac interferometer for distributed impactsensing

A variable-loop fiber optic Sagnac interferometer is designed to locate a time-varying disturbance. Phase perturbation on a Sagnac loop produces a nonreciprocal phase signal which contains information of the perturbation location. Both location and amplitude of the perturbation can be determined by combining two phase signals from the variable-loop Sagnac interferometer. Spatial resolution better than 1 m has been demonstrated in a 180 m prototype system     

消除萨尼亚克光纤电流传感器振动干扰的光纤补偿环研究

与传统电磁式电流互感器相比,基于法拉第效应的光纤电流传感器有许多明显的优点,因而获得了广泛的研究。萨尼亚克(Sagnac)环形电流互感器是在干涉式光纤陀螺结构上发展起来的一种互感器结构。外界环境的振动因素是抑制Sagnac光纤电流互感器的最重要因素之一。为了消除振动对电流互感器测量结果的影响,给出了一种新型的光纤电流互感器免疫方案,其基本原理是增加外部闭环线圈来补偿所受振动影响。利用琼斯矩阵对此种光纤电流互感器结构进行了详细的理论分析。理论分析及实验结果均能证明此种方案可以完全消除电流互感器在实际环境中所受振动因素的不利影响。为高精度Sagnac干涉式光纤电流互感器的实现提供了可行的解决方法。     

FBG-based ultrasonic wave detection and acoustic emission linear location system

The ultrasonic (US) wave detection and an acoustic emission (AE) linear location system are proposed, which employ fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as US wave sensors. In the theoretical analysis, the FBG sensor response to longitudinal US wave is investigated. The result indicates that the FBG wavelength can be modulated as static case when the grating length is much shorter than US wavelength. The experimental results of standard sinusoidal and spindle wave test agree well with the generated signal. Further research using two FBGs for realizing linear location is also achieved. The maximum linear location error is obtained as less than 5 mm. FBG-based US wave sensor and AE linear location provide useful tools for specific requirements.     

Position determination of an acoustic burst along a Sagnac interferometer

We report on a method to measure the longitudinal position of an acoustic burst, or spark, using an all-fiber Sagnac interferometer (SI). A focused pulsed /spl sim/10 ns laser is used to ionize air creating the spark. This ionization point is situated near a coil of test fiber connected to the SI but acoustically separated from the bulk of the SI. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) performed on the temporal signal of the SI shows a series of s from which the position of the acoustic signal is determined. Over an SI length of /spl sim/35 km, longitudinal positions are determined to within tens of meters, corresponding to a best run percent uncertainty of 0.07%.     

Merged Sagnac-Michelson interferometer for distributed disturbancedetection

An interferometric technique is described to detect and locate perturbations along an optical fiber. This distributed sensor has a position dependent response to time-varying disturbances such as strain or temperature. These disturbances cause a phase shift which is detected and converted to spatial information, The sensor consists of a Sagnac interferometer merged with a Michelson interferometer. This is achieved by a frequency selective mirror in the center of the Sagnac-loop. The sensor is illuminated by two light sources with wavelengths λ₁ and λ₂, respectively. The mirror reflects λ₁ and transmits λ₂, causing the interferometer to operate as a Michelson at wavelength λ₁ and as a Sagnac at wavelength λ₂. Any time-varying perturbation on, the fiber will, result in a signal at λ₂ proportional to the product of the rate of phase change caused by the perturbation and the distance of the perturbation relative to the position of the mirror. The output of the Michelson interferometer at wavelength λ₁ is proportional to the phase change caused by the unknown perturbation. By dividing the output of the Sagnac interferometer by the time rate of change of the Michelson interferometer signal, the position of the disturbance relative to the mirror is located. Results obtained with a 200 m-distributed fiber sensor are discussed     

混合型光纤传感器

混合型光纤传感器综合了传统传感器已经验证的传感可靠性以及光纤数据传输的优点,易于实现传统传感器的光纤遥感、遥测。本文评述的混合光纤传感器类型范围涉及;电源驱动,光源驱动、硅微技术,特别应值得注意的是利用光纤通信网络传输传感数据的途径。     

基于Michelson干涉仪的光纤AE传感器的研究

文章介绍了光纤传感器的应用和S状光纤声发射(Acoustic Emission,AE)传感器的结构,给出了此类光纤AE传感器与超声波之间的相互作用,以及基于光纤Michelson干涉仪的此类光纤AE传感器灵敏度的理论分析,最后得到的灵敏度理论分析结论与MATLAB模拟结果相一致.     

基于压电换能器的声发射源定位成像研究

针对金属板类结构件的声发射(AE)源定位精度低,定位过程复杂等问题,研究了一种基于时间反转聚焦的声发射源定位成像方法。该方法首先分析了时间反转(TR)和定位成像的原理,建立了由4个声发射传感器组成的板件监测模型,最后通过在铝合金板上进行了声发射源的定位实验研究。实验结果表明,该方法在不需要复杂信号处理的情况下能有效地实现铝合金板声发射源的定位和成像,并将误差控制在有效范围内。     

基于光纤压力传感器的管道监控系统研究

针对运输管道埋设于土壤中面临的泄漏或堵塞点难发现、难定位的问题,结合光纤压力传感器高灵敏度、高抗干扰的特性,设计了一种基于光纤压力传感器的管道监控系统。系统采用包覆有合适热膨胀系数材料的单模光纤组成的偏振型压力传感器,能很好地克服外界环境温度扰动;采用模块化设计的压力敏感探头以20 m间距均布于管线上,形成信号点阵列源;结合点阵列数据重构与插值定位算法确定故障点的位置。结果表明:该系统的光纤压力传感器可有效克服温度变化对传感测量的不良影响,5.5 km范围内对故障点的定位精度在1 m内。     

光纤倏逝波化学传感器灵敏度特性研究

为了克服传统光纤化学传感器的不足,运用宽光谱分析法设计一种基于倏逝波原理的光纤化学传感器,研究了传感器的几何结构参数,溶液浓度与灵敏度的关系。运用光束传播法(BPM)分析传感器几何结构参数与灵敏度的关系;通过化学腐蚀方法制备出不同参数结构的传感器,并用不同浓度亚甲基蓝溶液对这些传感器进行实验验证。实验结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果相符,溶液浓度越大,传感区纤芯越细、越长,灵敏度越高;文章提出的光纤倏逝波化学传感器在水质检测方面有着潜在的应用。     

光纤传感器在坚强智能电网中的应用前景

用于电力系统的各类光纤传感器,是坚强智能电网的坚强支撑。介绍了光纤传感器的基本原理,对电力系统中应用的几种光纤传感器进行了讨论,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于Sagnac组合型干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器

提出并研究了基于Sagnac组合型干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器。扰动作用在传感光纤上引起传输光波相位的变化,可以通过Sagnac干涉仪进行检测。所提出的光纤传感器包括三个Sagnac干涉仪,它们共用一个宽带光源(BBS),并通过两个光电探测器(PD)检测干涉信号。由于宽谱光源的相干长度很短,因此只有经历相同路径的两束光会发生干涉,这样的路径存在三条。其中一个光电探测器检测有着相同环路长度的两个Sagnac干涉仪的信号之和,另一个光电探测器检测由法拉第旋光镜和传感光纤组成的干涉仪中的干涉光强。通过对探测器接收到的信号进行数学运算可以对扰动进行定位。实验结果表明,所提出的传感器可以检测并定位扰动。10次实验的最大定位误差为370 m,平均定位误差为270 m。     

萨格纳克干涉仪级联的高灵敏度温度传感器

设计了一种由两个萨格纳克干涉仪（SI）级联组成的光纤温度传感器,并用实验证明了传感器在游标效应下的温度灵敏度放大特性。该传感器由两段不同长度的熊猫保偏光纤构成两个SI,然后两个SI旋转一个角度级联在一起组成一个温度传感装置,其中SI₁用着温度传感,SI₂用着参考。由于两个SI具有相近的自由光谱范围,级联时它们干涉谱叠加形成一个自由光谱范围很大的低频包络线。利用包络线漂移来考察温度变化,能够获得放大的灵敏度。实验结果显示级联后传感器的温度灵敏度为11.03 nm/℃,而单个SI₁单独测量温度的灵敏度为-1.01 nm/℃。因此利用游标效应后,灵敏度增加了10.9倍,而且实验测量结果与理论计算结果基本吻合。