秦皇岛市保健食品现状及监管策略的研究

本研究调查秦皇岛市保健食品生产和经营现状,分析了市售保健品的主要问题和监管现状,提出加强秦皇岛市保健食品监管的建议,旨在规范秦皇岛市保健品市场,保障消费者利益。     

浅析食品安全监管问题及对策

食品是人类生存和发展最基本的物质条件。近年来连续发生的食品安全事故严重危害了人民的生命健康和社会稳定。2003年,“安徽阜阳假奶粉”事件使大头娃娃成为最让中国人揪心的话题;2005年,致癌物“苏丹红”成为社会焦点;2009年,“三聚氰胺”的曝出,全国乃至全世界为之震惊。一起又一起食品安全事件,向我们敲响了食品安全的警钟,也反映出我国食品安全监管存在的问题。本文拟对我国食品安全的监管问题进行分析,并提出相应对策,供业内学者共同探讨。     

关于基层环境监管体制的问题与对策

在当前的环境监管工作中,基层环境监管工作承担着承上启下的职能,是构建和完善环境监管体制的基石。但是,目前的基层环境监管体制却存在着诸多隐患和不合理之处,本文在提出问题的同时,提出对策加以探析。     

产品质量监管中的问题及对策

产品质量的高低直接关系到产品的价值、商品性和消费者满意度。在商品多元化发展的当前,产品质量决定了市场占有量和市场口碑,是拉动内需和拓展市场空间的有力武器。产品质量监管渐渐走进人们的视野。随着社会的发展,产品质量监管不断改革以适应新时代要求。本文简要说明了产品质量监管的重要意义,分析了产品质量监管工作存在的问题,并提出加强产品质量监管的有力措施,为改革产品质量监管工作提供一定的参考。     

我国电梯安全管理问题及监管对策研究

文中通过分析当前电梯安全管理中存在的主要问题及其原因,探析提升和加强电梯安全监管能力的对策与建议。     

化工园区安全生产监管存在问题及对策

由于化工企业大量使用易燃易爆、有毒有害化学品,具有生产使用场地集中的特点,一旦发生事故,将对广大人民群众生命及财产安全造成严重威胁。化工园区的现状已成为事故隐患和环境污染的主要源头,安全生产形势十分严峻。因此,加强化工园区安全生产监管就显得尤为重要。本文首先分析了化工园区安全生产监管存在问题,其次,从建立三大安全保障系统：建立企业安全生产档案：实行安全生产监管的垂直管理：加强安全监管力度：建立健全专家咨询制度,拓宽专家服务领域：健全化工园区整体应急救援机制：整体提高从业人员素质：培养人才,加强监管队伍建设等方面就如何完善化工园区安全生产监管对策措施方面提出了自己的建议和看法,具有一定的参考价值。     

我国非营利组织会计监管问题及其对策

非营利组织会计监管是保证其会计工作有序运行的重要手段,也是不断提高会计信息质量的必要保证。本文指出我国非营利组织会计监管存在的主要问题。改革开放以来我国非营利组织会计虽然获得了较多的发展但是还存在着一些问题。本文主要阐述了非营利组织会计相关的问题及完善对策。     

女性保健品边走边看

近年来在时尚潮流的推动下,以女性为主要消费群体的保健品脱颖而出。有调查显示,都市女性已成为继“银发市场”后形成的又一健康产品强力消费群体。专门针对女性的保健品市场主要有四大板块:美容养颜市场、减肥市场、排毒市场、补血市场。“盯紧女人的钱包”是众多保健品企业赚钱的法宝。据悉,2001年以来,保健品行业销量锐减,只有女性养颜类保健品,销量稳定。女性保健品背后的阴影女性保健品主要有三大类别产品:一是具有美容养颜功效的,主要产品包括排毒养颜胶囊、羊胎精华素等;二是具有滋补调理功效的,如太太口服液、朵而胶囊等;三是改善女…     

面向WTO的中国保健品业的应对策略

着重分析了中国加入WTO后给国内品企业带来的影响以及如何采取相应的对策。在面临知识经济挑战与全球经济一体化的进程中,中国的保健品业无疑也面临着更加坎坷的道路,但也迎来了重塑辉煌的机遇。我们必须具有战略的眼光,通过进一步提高产品科技含量和增加产品品种、充分利用祖国传统医学优势和加大对传统中草药品种的研究与开发、提升产品品质和开发国内外市场等多种方式,抢占市场制高点,以抗衡国外大公司的竞争。     

包装广告的法律监管现状及对策研究

商品包装广告是指以商品包装材料为载体的广告.由于目前法律法规对这类广告的监管难以到位,建议,为确保商品包装广告的真实性和合法性,应对此制定相应的法制法规.     

The economic burden of injury: Health care and productivity costs of injuries in the Netherlands

BackgroundDetailed information on health care costs and productivity costs for the whole spectrum of injuries is lacking. We measured the total costs of injuries by external-cause, injury groupings, age and sex.MethodInjury patients visiting an Emergency Department in the Netherlands were included. Health service use and work absenteeism were estimated with national database data and a prospective follow-up study. Health care costs (direct costs) and productivity costs (indirect costs) were determined using the incidence-based Dutch Cost of Injury Model.ResultsTotal costs of injuries were €3.5 billion annually (€210/capita and €4300/patient); €2.0 billion healthcare costs and €1.5 billion productivity costs. Home and leisure injury subcategory falls caused 41% of total costs. Traffic injury was prominent in the 15–54 age group, mainly due to bicycle injuries. Sports injuries, in special football/soccer injuries, resulted in high costs in the 15–24 age group. Although costs per patient were comparable between males and females, health care costs were higher in females, whereas males have more than twice as high productivity costs. Health care costs were highest for hip fractures (€20,000/patient). Extremity fractures had high costs due to high incidences and high productivity costs per patient.ConclusionOur detailed cost model identified known risk groups, such as elderly females with hip fractures resulting from falls, as well as less obvious important high risk groups, such as young children falling from furniture, young males who sustained football/soccer injuries and bicycle injuries among all ages. This information is essential to assess additional priority areas for prevention.     

我国产品分类标准化现状、问题和对策

为了提高我国对外贸易的竞争力,使我国的产品生产、仓储和流通等各方面的数据能够与国际统计数据保持一致,提高我国产品统计的准确性和国际可比性,必须建立起与国际标准相适应的国家产品分类标准体系。一、国际产品分类标准化联合国及其他国际组织陆续制定了适用于不同...     

Insiders and the law: The impact of regulatory change on insider trading

Abstract and Key Results

Catastrophe model for the exposure to blood-borne pathogens and other accidents in health care settings

Catastrophe models, which describe and predict discontinuous changes in system state variables, were used to model the exposure to blood and bodily fluids and more conventional occupational accidents among 1708 health care workers. Workers at three hospitals completed a survey measuring HIV-relevant exposures (needlesticks, cuts, splashes, contact with open wounds), the accident rate for broadly-defined injuries, and several occupationally relevant themes: safety climate, shift work, depression symptoms, work pace, verbal abuse, and professional group membership. A cusp (cubic polynomial) model predicting HIV-relevant exposures specifically was more accurate (R²=0.56) than a comparable linear model containing the same variables (R²=0.07). Some of the foregoing variables predisposed workers to greater differences in HIV-relevant and general accident exposures: shiftwork, climate, depressive symptoms, and work pace. Other variables governed how close an individual was to a critical threshold where a harmful incident would take place: verbal abuse, professional group membership. Similarly, a cusp model for accident incidents predicted from HIV-relevant exposures and occupational variables was also more accurate (R²=0.75) than comparison models. Two variables predisposed the worker to a greater accident risk: depression symptoms and shift work. Four other variables predisposed the worker to lesser accident risk: job satisfaction, safety climate, environmental stressors, and work pace. Compliance with the universal precautions and HIV-related training were not relevant to either of the models.     

符号学在女性保健品包装设计中的应用

女性保健品的包装设计与女性消费群体之间的关系实际上体现为符号的传达和消费者对符号的解读。因此,女性保健品的包装设计应当通过图形、色彩、文字和材质等符号的应用,吸引女性消费者的注意力,并满足其心理需求,从而促成其消费。     

高龄者家用医疗产品设计机会研究

通过焦点团体访谈的方法对高龄者使用家用医疗产品出现的问题进行全面扫描,并将样本编码汇总。论述了高龄者在使用产品过程中,因老化所造成的困难分为:运动机能障碍、知觉机能障碍、认知机能障碍;并依据"类型学"解析访谈资料,归纳出老龄者家用医疗产品使用过程中遇到的焦点问题,最终识别产品设计机会缺口。     

The effects of age,gender, and crash types on drivers’ injury-related health care costs

There are many studies that evaluate the effects of age, gender, and crash types on crash related injury severity. However, few studies investigate the effects of those crash factors on the crash related health care costs for drivers that are transported to hospital. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between drivers’ age, gender, and the crash types, as well as other crash characteristics (e.g., not wearing a seatbelt, weather condition, and fatigued driving), on the crash related health care costs. The South Carolina Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (SC CODES) from 2005 to 2007 was used to construct six separate hierarchical linear regression models based on drivers’ age and gender. The results suggest that older drivers have higher health care costs than younger drivers and male drivers tend to have higher health care costs than female drivers in the same age group. Overall, single vehicle crashes had the highest health care costs for all drivers. For males older than 64-years old sideswipe crashes are as costly as single vehicle crashes. In general, not wearing a seatbelt, airbag deployment, and speeding were found to be associated with higher health care costs. Distraction-related crashes are more likely to be associated with lower health care costs in most cases. Furthermore this study highlights the value of considering drivers in subgroups, as some factors have different effects on health care costs in different driver groups. Developing an understanding of longer term outcomes of crashes and their characteristics can lead to improvements in vehicle technology, educational materials, and interventions to reduce crash-related health care costs.     

转基因产品检测技术研究进展

转基因生物及其产品已经进入国际贸易 ,有效的检测已成为转基因生物及产品能否获得足够的研究空间和良好开发市场的关键所在 .本文就转基因产品检测技术的研究进展作一简要综述     

Role of T‐regulatory cells in the response to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients

Human disease elicits a complex array of biological processes that results in long‐term protective immunological memory to infectious agents. Chronic kidney disease is known to impair induction of sustained immunological memory to hepatitis B vaccine (HBVax) antigens. We asked the question: Does end‐stage renal disease promote changes in subtypes of regulatory T (Treg) cells that correlate with diminished amnestic response to HBVax antigen compared to healthy controls? The study design and setting was a prospective observational cohort at a veterans affairs medical center. End‐stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD) were compared with individuals with self‐reported normal kidney function. All subjects received HBVax. Peripheral blood was sampled for assessment for Treg cells pre and post vaccination. CD4+ FOXP3 Treg numbers were similar between HD and healthy subjects during a 14‐day time period post vaccination. HD subjcts had lower anti‐HBSag antibody than CON (control) subjects (330 ± 108.7 vs. 663.1 ± 129.7 IU/mL; P = 0.063). Hemodialysis subjects with resting Tregs higher than the median value in our cohort demonstrated a significantly lower change in HBsAB at 30 days post booster vaccination (P = 0.030). No such relationship was found for the activated Treg subset among HD subjects, or either subset among CON subsets. In our limited comparison study of 11 HD and 8 CON subjects, Treg subsets did not differ between the two groups; but differences in the suppressive Treg numbers in the HD group could explain the altered antibody response to HBVax and is worthy of further study.