电火花线切割电规准对SKD11加工的影响

为了研究电火花线切割加工SKD11时电规准对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响规律,选取脉冲放电时间、脉冲间隙时间、峰值电流和间隙电压为试验因素,表面粗糙度和材料去除率为试验指标做单因素试验。结果表明:随着脉冲放电时间的增加,材料去除率随之增加,而表面粗糙度增大;脉冲间隙时间增加时,材料去除率减少,但表面粗糙度减小,当脉冲间隙时间为35μs时到达最小;峰值电流对两个试验指标影响跟脉冲放电时间一致;随着间隙电压的增大,材料去除率增大,表面粗糙度同时也增大。     

汽中电火花加工技术研究

提出了一种汽中电火花加工技术,其加工介质为水蒸汽,蒸汽由蒸汽发生器获得,经管状电极喷向工件.试验结果显示:一般情况下,材料去除率随放电电流、脉冲宽度的增大而增大,随脉冲间隔的增大而减小,但一味地增大脉冲宽度和减小脉冲间隔会造成电火花加工稳定性变差,从而降低材料去除率;汽中电火花加工技术的工具电极相对损耗率相对较低,受脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔影响小,但在大的放电电流下,电极相对损耗率会有所增加,且汽中电火花加工的工件附着物较少.     

汽中电火花加工技术研究

提出了一种汽中电火花加工技术,其加工介质为水蒸汽,蒸汽由蒸汽发生器获得,经管状电极喷向工件。试验结果显示：一般情况下,材料去除率随放电电流、脉冲宽度的增大而增大,随脉冲间隔的增大而减小,但一味地增大脉冲宽度和减小脉冲间隔会造成电火花加工稳定性变差,从而降低材料去除率;汽中电火花加工技术的工具电极相对损耗率相对较低,受脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔影响小,但在大的放电电流下,电极相对损耗率会有所增加,且汽中电火花加工的工件附着物较少。
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超声振动辅助气体介质电火花加工研究

简述了超声振动辅助气体介质电火花加工原理，并设计开发了相应的实验机床。实验结果表明：工具电极做超声振动时的材料去除率比工件做超声振动时的材料去除率要小；材料去除率随峰值电压、峰值电流、脉冲宽度、气体介质压力的增大而增大，随脉间宽度、工具电极壁厚的增大而减小。简述了超声振动辅助气体介质电火花加工材料蚀除机理。     

充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼电火花加工对比试验研究

钕铁硼硬度高、脆性大,且充磁后具有高磁性力.电火花加工是钕铁硼的重要加工方法.为探寻充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼在电火花加工过程中的工艺差异和规律,采用单因素试验方法,开展对比试验,研究放电参数(脉冲宽度、峰值电流和脉冲间隔)对充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和重铸层的影响.结果 表明:随脉冲宽度的增加,充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率增大,而未充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率先增大后略有减小,充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼表面粗糙度值均增大,重铸层均增厚且内部出现裂纹;随峰值电流的增加,两者材料去除率和表面粗糙度值均增大;随脉冲间隔的增加,两者材料去除率和表面粗糙度值均减小;在较大的放电参数值下,充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率和表面粗糙度明显优于未充磁烧结钕铁硼.     

充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼电火花加工对比试验研究

钕铁硼硬度高、脆性大,且充磁后具有高磁性力.电火花加工是钕铁硼的重要加工方法.为探寻充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼在电火花加工过程中的工艺差异和规律,采用单因素试验方法,开展对比试验,研究放电参数(脉冲宽度、峰值电流和脉冲间隔)对充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和重铸层的影响.结果 表明:随脉冲宽度的增加,充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率增大,而未充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率先增大后略有减小,充磁与未充磁烧结钕铁硼表面粗糙度值均增大,重铸层均增厚且内部出现裂纹;随峰值电流的增加,两者材料去除率和表面粗糙度值均增大;随脉冲间隔的增加,两者材料去除率和表面粗糙度值均减小;在较大的放电参数值下,充磁烧结钕铁硼的材料去除率和表面粗糙度明显优于未充磁烧结钕铁硼.     

4Cr5MoVSi电火花加工试验特征规律研究

采用紫铜工具电极,在峰值电流为4-24A、脉冲宽度为25-200μs、加工电压为80-200V的电参数范围内,综合应用因子试验和正交试验方法,对难加工材料4Cr5MoVSi进行了电火花加工试验。在进行电加工基础特征规律分析的基础上,考查了电参数对加工速度、双边侧面放电间隙、电极损耗的影响,并对电火花加工机理进行了分析。研究结果表明:采用紫铜电极电火花加工4Cr5MoVSi,在本试验范围内,峰值电流Ip与脉冲宽度ti、加工电压U、脉冲间隔t0存在一定的交互作用;与其它三个因素相比,峰值电流对加工速度、电极损耗、双边侧面放电间隙的影响更显著;随脉冲宽度和加工电压的增大,电极损耗逐渐减小。     

电极材料对电加工8418钢表面质量的影响研究

采用紫铜电极、Cu W70在变化的峰值电流(I)、脉冲宽度(ton)电参数下加工8418钢,研究电极材料及电参数对电火花加工表面质量的影响。测得了工件表面粗糙度、微观硬度、白层厚度、微裂纹,结果表明:采用紫铜电极加工时工件表面粗糙度(Ra)及白层厚度(WT)均比采用Cu W70时略大,但在精加工放电参数下,电极材料对表面粗糙度的影响区别并不明显。工件表面粗糙度与白层厚度随着峰值电流和脉宽的增大而增大,且峰值电流对白层厚度的增加起主要作用。显微硬度随着与工件表面距离的增大而急剧减小。在低放电能量时,两种电极加工的8418钢表面基本上没有微裂纹,质量较好;在中高放电能量时,紫铜电极加工的工件表面微裂纹的数量比Cu W70电极的要多,但裂纹宽度差别不大。     

气体放电加工基础工艺试验研究

采用单因素法进行了基本的工艺参数(电参数、伺服参考电压等)对气体介质放电加工性能影响的试验研究。试验结果表明:气体介质的放电加工适于采用正极性加工。在试验加工的范围内,工件的蚀除速度和表面粗糙度值随脉冲宽度和峰值电流的增加而增加,随脉冲间隔的增加而减小。极间并联合适的电容能够使加工速度和加工表面粗糙度有所改善,并对此现象进行了分析。对于某一确定的加工参数,存在一个较佳的伺服参考电压值,使加工性能较为稳定。工具电极具有较高的旋转速度能够使气体放电加工性能得到提高。使用氧气介质能够实现快速电火花加工,并根据不同气体的物理性能对不同气体介质的加工性能进行了分析。工件表面显微硬度测试结果表明:空气中放电加工的工件的表面硬度比基体硬度高,比煤油中加工的工件表面硬度低。     

激光微涂敷层的电火花后处理及其加工性能

分析、测量了不同加工条件下的材料去除率、相对电极损耗和电火花加工表面粗糙度,并研究了表面微裂纹和微硬度分布。实验结果表明,不同的材料具有类似的电火花加工性能,材料去除率随脉冲电流的增加而增加,峰值电流比脉冲宽度对表面粗糙度的影响更显著。研究结果对于选择合适参数进行电火花后处理具有重要意义。     

Influence of machining parameters on surface roughness in finish cut of WEDM

Surface roughness is significant to the finish cut of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). This paper describes the influence of the machining parameters (including pulse duration, discharge current, sustained pulse time, pulse interval time, polarity effect, material and dielectric) on surface roughness in the finish cut of WEDM. Experiments proved that the surface roughness can be improved by decreasing both pulse duration and discharge current. When the pulse energy per discharge is constant, short pulses and long pulses will result in the same surface roughness but dissimilar surface morphology and different material removal rates. The removal rate when a short pulse duration is used is much higher than when the pulse duration is long. Moreover, from the single discharge experiments, we found that a long pulse duration combined with a low peak value could not produce craters on the workpiece surface any more when the pulse energy was reduced to a certain value. However, the condition of short pulse duration with high peak value still could produce clear craters on the workpiece surface. This indicates that a short pulse duration combined with a high peak value can generate better surface roughness, which cannot be achieved with long pulses. In the study, it was also found that reversed polarity machining with the appropriate pulse energy can improve the machined surface roughness somewhat better compared with normal polarity in finish machining, but some copper from the wire electrode is accreted on the machined surface.     

Optimal parameter settings for rough and finish machining of die steels in powder-mixed EDM

The present study was undertaken to identify the appropriate parameter settings for rough and finish machined surface for EN31, H11, and high carbon high chromium (HCHCr) die steel materials in a powder-mixed electric discharge machining process. The effect of seven different process variables along with some of their interactions was evaluated using a dummy-treated experimental design and analysis of variance. Material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate, and surface finish were measured after each trial and analyzed. The parameter settings for rough and finished machining operations were obtained. EN31 exhibited maximum MRR as compared to the other two materials at similar process settings. Copper (Cu) electrode with aluminum suspended in the dielectric maximized the MRR. Suspending powder in the dielectric resulted in surface modification. Graphite powder showed a lower MRR but improved the surface finish. HCHCr require higher current and pulse on settings for initiating a machining cut and works best in combination with tungsten–Cu electrode and graphite powder for improved finish. The MRR for H11 is lower than EN31 but significantly higher than HCHCr under same process conditions.     

Sinking EDM in water-in-oil emulsion

In this paper, a new type of sinking electric discharge machining (EDM) dielectric–water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is proposed, and the machining characteristics of W/O emulsion are investigated by comparing with that of kerosene. In the experiments, machining parameters such as the dielectric type, peak current, and pulse duration are changed to explore their effects on machining performance, including the material removal rate (MRR), relative electrode wear rate (REWR), and surface roughness. Experimental results revealed that W/O emulsion could be used as the dielectric fluid of sinking EDM and adopting long pulse duration and large peak current could lead to obtaining higher MRR than kerosene. Compared with kerosene, W/O emulsion is observed to cause lower carbon adhered to the electrode surface. Therefore, its REWR is higher. Statistics of the discharge waveform show that more stable discharge processes can be obtained by using W/O emulsion compared with kerosene. Furthermore, W/O emulsion is more economical and more environmentally friendly than kerosene, and it could be an alternative to kerosene in sinking EDM application.     

Parametric optimization for surface roughness, kerf and MRR in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using Taguchi design of experiment

This paper reports the effect and optimization of eight control factors on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness and kerf in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process for tool steel D2. The experimentation is performed under different cutting conditions of wire feed velocity, dielectric pressure, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, open voltage, wire tension and servo voltage by varying the material thickness. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is employed for experimental design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-tonoise (S/N) ratio are used as statistical analyses to identify the significant control factors and to achieve optimum levels respectively. Additionally, linear regression and additive models are developed for surface roughness, kerf and material removal rate (MRR). Results of the confirmatory experiments are found to be in good agreement with those predicted. It has been found that pulse on-time is the most significant factor affecting the surface roughness, kerf and material removal rate.     

Experimental study of rotary magnetic field-assisted dry EDM with ultrasonic vibration of workpiece

Dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a green machining method which replaces the gas instead of liquid as dielectric medium. Due to the environmentally friendly nature of this method, recently, researchers focused on characterization of this process. In this work, effects of rotary magnetic field and also ultrasonic vibration of workpiece were studied on dry EDM process performance. Conducted experiments were divided in two main stages. At first stage, preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the best tool design in material and geometry points of view by considering the material removal rate (MRR). Also, effect of magnetic field was studied in the first stage. Results of the first stage of experiments indicated that the brass tool with two eccentric holes has the highest MRR rather than the other existing tool. In the second stage of experiments, parametric study on dry EDM process were implemented by using a brass tool with two eccentric holes and by applying rotary magnetic field for all experiments of the second stage. Influences of parameters such as pulse current, pulse on-time, pulse off-time, tool rotational speed, air injection inlet pressure, and especially power of ultrasonic table were studied on MRR, surface roughness (SR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and overcut (OC). Results showed that magnetic field has positive effects on MRR and SR. Also, by application of ultrasonic vibration achieving to superior MRR is feasible. At the end of the work, mathematical models were developed to correlate a relationship between process inputs and main outputs.     

Diamond face grinding of WC-Co composite with spark assistance: Experimental study and parameter optimization

Electro-discharge machining (EDM) characteristics of tungsten carbide-cobalt composite are accompanied by a number of problems such as the presence of resolidified layer, large tool wear rate and thermal cracks. Use of combination of conventional grinding and EDM (a new hybrid feature) has potential to overcome these problems. This article presents the face grinding of tungsten carbide-cobalt composite (WC-Co) with electrical spark discharge incorporated within face of wheel and flat surface of cylindrical workpiece. A face grinding setup for electro- discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) process is developed. The effect of input parameters such as wheel speed, current, pulse on-time and duty factor on output parameters such as material removal rate (MRR), wheel wear rate (WWR) and average surface roughness (ASR), are investigated. The present study shows that MRR increases with increase in current and wheel speed while it decreases with increase in pulse on-time for higher pulse on-time (above 100 μs). The most significant factor has been found as wheel speed affecting the robustness of electro- discharge diamond face grinding (EDDFG) process.     

Study on the nano-powder-mixed sinking and milling micro-EDM of WC-Co

Present study investigates the feasibility of improving surface characteristics in the micro-electric discharge machining (EDM) of cemented tungsten carbide (WC?CCo), a widely used die and mould material, using graphite nano-powder-mixed dielectric. In this context, a comparative analysis has been carried out on the performance of powder-mixed sinking and milling micro-EDM with view of obtaining smooth and defect-free surfaces. The surface characteristics of the machined carbide were studied in terms of surface topography, crater characteristics, average surface roughness (R _a) and peak-to-valley roughness (R _max). The effect of graphite powder concentration on the spark gap, material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear ratio (EWR) were also discussed for both die-sinking and milling micro-EDM of WC?CCo. It has been observed that the presence of semi-conductive graphite nano-powders in the dielectric can significantly improve the surface finish, enhance the MRR and reduce the EWR. Both the surface topography and crater distribution were improved due to the increased spark gap and uniform discharging in powder-mixed micro-EDM. The added nano-powder can lower the breakdown strength and facilitate the ignition process thus improving the MRR. However, for a fixed powder material and particle size, all the performance parameters were found to vary significantly with powder concentration. Among the two processes, powder-mixed milling micro-EDM was found to provide smoother and defect-free surface compared to sinking micro-EDM. The lowest value of R _a (38?nm) and R _max (0.17???m) was achieved in powder-mixed milling micro-EDM at optimum concentration of 0.2?g/L and electrical setting of 60?V and stray capacitance.     

Study of the EDM performance to produce a stable process and surface modification

In this work, the effect of pulse current and pulse duration in die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM) on the machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is studied. The EDM characteristics, including the electrode wear ratio (EWR), the material removal rate (MRR), and the surface roughness (SR), are used to measure the effect of machining. An increase in the intensity of the pulse current from 2.5 to 5 A produces a slow increase in EWR, MRR, and SR. An increase in the intensity of the pulse current from 5 to 7 A produces a rapid increase in EWR, MRR, and SR. Control charts are basic and powerful tools for controlling statistical processes and are widely used to monitor manufacturing processes and ensure good EDM quality. EWR, MRR, and SR are normal distributions, and the regression curves for the data are straight lines. All of the data points vary randomly around the centerline, which follows the Shewhart criteria and shows that the EDM process and product performance are under control and stable over time. After EDM, the surface exhibits an irregular fused structure, with pinholes, micro voids, globule debris, and many damaged surfaces. Oxygen plasma etching and surface modification after EDM reduce these surface defects, so finer and flatter surfaces can be achieved. Moreover, fatigue life can be enhanced.