高速开关阀控制的高速列车横向半主动减振器

能根据列车运行状况实现阻尼特性的调整是列车横向半主动减振器的基本要求。利用高速开关阀可使减振器实现阻尼特性的在线调整。本文介绍了两种形式的基于高速开关阀控制的半主动减振器工作原理。     

基于Simulink的油压减振器动态特性研究

以某型号一系垂向减振器的实际结构参数为基础,利用流体力学和油膜理论,建立了考虑泄漏的油压减振器的数学模型。根据油压减振器的具体参数和公式,在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了减振器的系统仿真模型。利用所建立的仿真模型,分析了单一变量下阻尼阀截面积、活塞杆面积、活塞面积、弹簧预压缩量等减振器关键参数对减振器阻尼性能的影响,为减振器的阻尼特性优化设计提供了参考。     

基于ADAMS/Hydraulics的减振器设计与特性仿真研究

为深入研究高速列车车辆减振器的性能,更好地改善高速列车的舒适度,建立了高速列车电液比例阀式减振器的数学模型,并通过ADAMS软件的Hydraulics模块对该减振器进行动力学仿真,得出减振器的示功图以及阻尼随速度变化的特性曲线.仿真结果表明:此减振器的阻尼力与阻尼口的开口大小及振动频率有关,同时其可以连续变化,能够满足...     

铁道车辆减振器调压阀三维流场仿真

油压减振器是铁道车辆减振的关键部件,其减振性能是由具有特殊结构的弹簧阻尼阀来实现的.根据实际减振器的结构和参数,在PRO/E中建立了其调压阀的三维模型.利用ANSYS CFX流体仿真软件的动网格技术,得出了调压阀在减振器不同工作速度下进行了动态流场分布情况,为减振器阻尼阀内部流道和结构的设计提供了重要的参考依据.     

基于抗蛇行减振器动态模型的高速列车曲线通过性能研究

为解决传统油压减振器模型不能反映其动态特性对高速列车动力学性能影响的问题,运用Simulink仿真软件建立了一种包含压力缸、常通孔、储油缸、回油阀、卸荷阀的抗蛇行减振器动态模型。结合动力学仿真软件SIMPACK,分析了时速350 km/h动车组曲线通过性能。结果表明:相比传统分段线性模型,采用抗蛇行减振器动态模型计算的阻尼力涵盖了黏性阻尼力和油液被压缩产生的回复力,仿真计算的示功图与试验结果吻合良好,能够准确描述抗蛇行减振器动态行为过程。动力学联合仿真结果表明:增大曲线外轨超高度和曲线半径均能有效提高列车在曲线上的蛇行失稳临界速度;列车运行速度一旦超过曲线路段所对应的临界速度,其脱轨系数、倾覆系数和磨耗指数均会急剧增大,严重影响行车安全;时速350 km/h动车组的蛇行失稳临界速度在半径分别为3 000、5 000、7 000 m的曲线上分别为220～260 km/h、280～340 km/h、335～400 km/h。     

行程相关变阻尼油压减振器的阻尼特性分析

根据行程相关变阻尼油压减振器的基本结构、工作原理和阀系特点,利用弹性力学的基本理论推导出了环形弹性阀片受均布载荷时的挠曲变形解析式,基于上述解析式在多领域系统仿真分析软件AMESim中建立了行程相关变阻尼油压减振器的仿真模型,并利用该仿真模型分析了减振器结构参数与阀系参数对阻尼特性的影响。结果表明:旁通节流槽等效节流面积对软特性区的拉伸阻尼力和压缩阻尼力都有影响,但对拉伸阻尼力的影响程度更为明显;复原阀等效厚度增加,减振器在软、硬特性区的拉伸阻尼力都增大,但对压缩阻尼力基本无影响;流通阀等效厚度增加,减振器在软、硬特性区的压缩阻尼力都增大,但对拉伸阻尼力基本无影响。     

高速列车减振器活塞预紧力对阻尼特性影响的研究

为探究动车组减振器检修过程中预紧力对试验结果的影响,以某型号抗蛇行油压减振器为研究对象,通过构建减振器活塞阻尼阀三维模型和流量力学模型,分别用ANSYS和MATLAB/Simulink软件联合仿真,改变预紧力参数得出阻尼阀流体力学变化及减振器阻尼特性曲线。结合减振器阻尼试验台对仿真结果进行论证,分析活塞阻尼阀预紧力对减振器阻尼影响。通过试验对比得出：在速度未达到阀口开启条件时,阻尼阀预紧力的变化不会对减振器的阻尼力值产生影响;仅当速度值达到阻尼阀开启条件时,预紧力变化才会影响减振器的阻尼特性,拉伸和压缩阻尼力均随着阻尼阀预紧力的增加而增加。     

铁道车辆液压减振器联合仿真模型的构建及其试验验证

分析了单向流液压减振器的工作原理、阀系特性及液压流体力学理论。以高速列车KONI横向减振器为例,参照其结构及其参数值在Easy5环境下建立了减振器液压控制模型。利用Easy5和ADAMS联合仿真接口技术,在考虑减振器节点刚度的条件下,建立了减振器的Maxwell联合仿真模型。将减振器性能仿真和试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明所建立的减振器联合模型精确可靠。     

高速列车横向半主动减振器的建模与仿真研究

介绍高速列车半主动悬挂的控制方法,按照控制规则提出半主动减振器的系统方案。针对不同工况,建立横向半主动减振器相应的数学模型,在AMESim环境下建立仿真模型并进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,横向半主动减振器的减振性能可以满足实际要求。     

液力减振器阻尼特性的仿真与试验研究

减振器是汽车悬架的重要组成部分,在汽车行驶过程中主要起衰减振动的作用。汽车减振器中应用最广泛的为液力减振器,为了研究液力减振器的阻尼特性,针对某汽车液力减振器,分析了其结构和工作原理,建立了其液力系统图,利用流体力学知识分别建立了减振器活塞阀系、底阀、储油腔压力的数学模型,进而推导出减振器伸张行程和压缩行程阻尼特性的数学模型,并利用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行了仿真。利用减振器性能综合试验台对该减振器进行了试验,得出示功图,与仿真结果进行对比,图形形状基本一致,验证了数学模型的有效性。通过试验分析了频率变化对减振器阻尼特性的影响,为减振器的设计和使用提供了参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。