抗氧化剂对控制草莓打浆工序中Vc损失的效应

主要研究了草莓打浆工序中还原型VC含量的变化及其控制。结果表明,草莓打浆工序中VC损失严重,打浆中添加0.12%的六偏磷酸钠、0.03%的TBHQ可以提高还原型VC的保存率,添加0.03%的茶多酚可以提高还原型VC和氧化型VC的保存率,EDTA二钠和植酸对控制草莓打浆过程中VC损失的效果不明显。     

抗氧化剂对控制猕猴桃加工中Vc损失的研究

研究了猕猴桃加工工艺中打浆工序对猕猴桃中的还原型Vc和氧化型Vc含量的影响及在打浆前添加抗氧化剂对控制打浆工序中猕猴桃Vc损失的效果。实验结果表明,打浆过程中损失的主要是还原型Vc。打浆前,在猕猴桃中添加抗氧化剂能提高Vc保存率;0.03%植酸与0.02%茶多酚组合可使猕猴桃还原型Vc保存率高达95.24%,总Vc保存率高达95.90%。     

猕猴桃加工中还原型VC和氧化型VC变化的研究

本文旨在研究猕猴桃加工过程中还原型VC和氧化型VC的变化规律。以新鲜猕猴桃果实为试材,主要观测温度、空气、光线对猕猴桃还原型VC和氧化型VC变化的影响。结果表明,猕猴桃还原型VC和氧化型VC遵循不同的变化规律。在同一加热时间下,还原型VC保存率在100℃时最低,氧化型VC保存率在60℃时最低;还原型VC受光线影响,见光下放置的猕猴桃果浆的还原型VC含量总是低于避光条件下的还原型VC,而氧化型VC却相反;在低温下,猕猴桃果汁和果浆的还原型VC保存率高于猕猴桃果片,但氧化型VC保存率却以果片的最高。氧化型VC是猕猴桃VC的重要组成部分,研究猕猴桃VC在加工中的变化时,不能忽视氧化型VC的变化。     

枣汁加工中还原型VC和氧化型VC保存率变化的研究

研究枣汁加工过程中还原型VC（ascorbic acid,AA）和氧化型VC（dehydroascorbic acid,DHA）变化及其控制,通过观测枣汁软化、浸提和杀菌工序中还原型VC和氧化型VC保存率的变化,来研究其变化规律。结果表明：微波软化能够保持较高的还原型VC和氧化型VC保存率。在浸提制汁过程中,采用抗氧化剂处理,对还原型VC和氧化型VC的保持效果以0．03％的六偏磷酸钠最好,0．07％的茶多酚次之;常压10min杀菌有利于AA和DHA保存。     

西兰花干燥过程中还原型V_C与氧化型V_C的变化

研究西兰花脱水加工过程中还原型VC和氧化型VC的变化。结果表明:经过蒸汽热烫的西兰花,其还原型VC和氧化型VC的保存率高于热水热烫的保存率,其中80℃蒸汽热烫处理2min效果最好;热烫后冰水冷却的西兰花还原型VC和氧化型VC保存率高于自然冷却;真空冷冻干燥能将西兰花中还原型VC和氧化型VC最大程度的保留。西兰花脱水加工过程中氧化型VC的保存率高于还原型VC,说明西兰花中的还原型VC更易被破坏。     

天然抗氧化剂控制草莓加工中VC损失效应研究

研究了几种天然抗氧化剂在草莓果实浸洗、打浆工序中、控制VC损失的效应,并与果品加工常用的EDTA进行比较,结果表明0.015%的植酸处理组在浸洗、打浆、工序中表现了对VC良好的保存效果,VC保存率分别达91.62%和70.18%,采用0.015%天然混合抗氧化剂进行打浆处理,VC保存率最高可达92.14%,表现出极高的增效作用。     

天然抗氧化剂控制草莓加工中Vc损失效应研究

研究了几种天然抗氧化剂在草莓果实浸洗、打浆工序中控制 Vc损失的效应,并与果品加工常用的 EDTA进行比较。结果表明 0 015％的植酸处理组在浸洗、打浆工序中表现出对 Vc良好的保存效果, Vc保存率分别达 91 62％和 70 18％;采用 0 015％的天然混合抗氧化剂进行打浆处理, Vc保存率最高可达 92 14％,表现出极高的增效作用。     

干燥方式对秋葵中还原型V_C和氧化型V_C含量的影响

以秋葵为研究对象,研究热风干燥、微波干燥、真空干燥3种方式对秋葵中还原型VC及氧化型VC含量的影响。结果表明,3种方式对秋葵还原型VC及氧化型VC含量的影响均显著。真空干燥时还原型VC保存率最高,为93.62%,其次是微波干燥,为78.05%,热风干燥还原型VC保存率最低,为59.73%;但热风干燥氧化型VC保存率最高,为120.91%,其次是微波干燥,为111.39%,相反,真空干燥的氧化型VC保存率最低,为108.52%。这说明真空干燥可以隔绝氧气,从而抑制VC的氧化,而热风干燥则使一部分还原型VC与氧气接触而被氧化为氧化型VC。     

银杏叶提取物控制草莓加工中VC损失的效应研究

研究了银杏叶提取物在草莓果实清洗、打浆等工序中控制VC 损失的效果 ,并且与食品加工中常用抗氧化剂EDTA、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠进行比较。结果表明 :加入0 02 %～0 03 %的银杏叶提取物能有效地控制草莓果实加工中VC 损失 ,使VC 保存率提高52 19 %～72 47 % ,银杏叶提取物的抗氧化作用保护VC 免受破坏。     

猕猴桃果酱加工中Vc损失及保护的研究

探索微波、真空浓缩技术等对控制猕猴桃果酱中猕猴桃Vc损失的效果.实验结果表明:微波热烫有利于猕猴桃Vc的保存,微波热烫80s已达到较好的软化效果,还原型Vc保存率为87.15%、总Vc保存率为87.76%,明显高于蒸汽热烫.真空浓缩果酱能保持猕猴桃自然的绿色,制品口感较常压浓缩果酱好,在真空浓缩条件为:真空度93.32kPa、加糖量1:0.8、浓缩温度90℃时,猕猴桃果酱还原型Vc保存率为83.47%、总Vc保存率为85.26%,分别比常压浓缩条件下提高了23.04%和7.06%.杀菌工序对果酱中Vc含量影响不大,高压短时杀菌有利于猕猴桃Vc的保存,还原型Vc和总Vc保存率分别为95.85%和95.64%.     

Effect of irradiation on vitamin C content of strawberries and potatoes in combination with storage and with further cooking in potatoes

The vitamin C content of four varieties of strawberry was determined before and after treatment with ionising radiation at doses of 1, 2 or 3 kGy and after storage for 5 and 10 days at 6°C, and also in potatoes which, having been allowed a period of one month to recover from the effects of post-harvest stress, were irradiated at a sprout inhibition dose of 0·15 kGy, followed by storage and cooking. Total ascorbic acid (TAA), ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) concentrations were measured using the technique of ion-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. Results from analysis of the strawberry samples showed the DHAA content increased immediately following irradiation and must, therefore, be taken into account when reporting vitamin C levels in irradiated produce. In addition it was observed that whilst irradiation did affect the vitamin C concentration in all varieties of strawberry, the change was small in comparison with the large variations observed between varieties. With regard to potatoes results showed that, whilst irradiation, storage and cooking all had the effect of reducing vitamin C concentration, irradiated samples stored for 5 months had similar or marginally higher levels than their non-irradiated counterparts. Cooking did not markedly reduce TAA content of irradiated potatoes compared to non-irradiated potatoes and it was also noted that microwave cooking was more destructive than boiling in lightly salted water. ©1997 SCI     

Application of thermal inactivation of enzymes during vitamin C analysis to study the influence of acidification,crushing and blanching on vitamin C stability in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var. italica)

The effectiveness of heat inactivation of oxidative enzymes e.g., ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) to stabilise vitamin C during extraction and analysis was evaluated. The influence of different sequences of performing treatments including acidification (pH 4.3 vs. pH 6.5), crushing, high temperature short time (90 °C/4 min–HTST) and low temperature long time (60 °C/40 min–LTLT)) blanching on vitamin C stability in broccoli florets and stalks was also investigated. Heat inactivation of enzymes prior to matrix disruption resulted in higher vitamin C values mainly in L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) form, while lack of enzyme inactivation resulted in high vitamin C losses resulting from conversion of L-AA to dehydroascorbic acid. Various treatments and their sequence of application influenced vitamin C stability as follows: (i) crushing prior to blanching reduced vitamin C stability and (ii) in the absence of heating, acidification increased vitamin C stability (iii) blanching prior to crushing resulted in higher vitamin C retention, with HTST blanching retaining more vitamin C than LTLT blanching.     

草莓保鲜剂的开发研究

目的 探讨不同类型保鲜剂对草莓采摘后的保鲜效果。方法 将草莓置于蒸馏水、生姜提取液、甘草-壳聚糖溶液中浸泡1 min, 探讨保鲜剂对草莓感官、营养、生化指标等的影响。结果 与对照组相比, 2种保鲜剂都能显著抑制草莓失重、腐烂, 也能延缓维生素C和可滴定酸含量下降, 抑制超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性损失, 但甘草-壳聚糖保鲜效果更好。贮藏6 d后, 甘草-壳聚糖组比空白对照组可滴定酸含量高72.90%, 维生素C含量高93.79%, 过氧化物酶活性高233.01%, 超氧化物歧化酶活性高187.47%。结论 甘草-壳聚糖作为保鲜剂, 能有效地延长草莓贮藏期。     

不同预处理方式对速冻草莓品质的影响

确定了速冻草莓的最佳冻结时间,并研究了用不同预处理方式处理速冻草莓在冻藏期间的VC含量、pH值的变化,硬度与汁液流失率.速冻预处理溶液采用蔗糖和氯化钙溶液,通过改变浸蘸溶液的浓度和浸蘸时间来改变处理方式.经实验最终确定,最佳速冻时间为5 h,速冻草莓冻藏期间的VC含量逐渐降低,pH值呈上升趋势,经20%糖液处理的草莓色泽较好,用CaCl2溶液预处理草莓的方式可明显提高草莓硬度,减少其汁液流失率.     

Shrinkage, vitamin C degradation and aroma losses during infra-red drying of apple slices

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of drying temperature on the shrinkage, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) degradation and aroma retention of apples. Apple samples were found to shrink continuously until a water content value of 2 kg/kg d.b. The degradation of ascorbic acid followed a pseudo-first-order reaction and the degradation rate constant increased when temperature increased from 40 to 70 °C. The loss of aroma volatiles increased with temperature and drying time.     

Technical note: forms and route of vitamin C supplementation for cows.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of multiple oral supplementation of two forms of vitamin C on plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in dairy cows. Vitamin C was administrated at the rate of 40 g/d during a 5-d period. The supplements were vitamin C in the form of a fine powder and vitamin C coated with ethyl cellulose. In addition, another group of cows provided with vitamin C in the form of fine powder through an abomasal fistula was enrolled in the study. The effect of vitamin C supplementation was assessed by the change in plasma ascorbic acid concentrations during a 5-d period of vitamin C supplementation. A tendency existed for cows that were dosed with vitamin C in the abomasum to have higher ascorbic acid than cows supplemented orally. In the abomasum-dosed cows, plasma ascorbic acid value varied between 3.6 and 4.4 micrograms/ml; the maximum ascorbic acid content was 4.4 micrograms/ml at 54 h. Cows dosed orally with vitamin C coated with ethyl cellulose had higher plasma ascorbic acid concentrations than did cows that received vitamin C in the form of fine powder. In the former group, the maximum ascorbic acid concentration occurred at 30 h after dosing (5 micrograms/ml).     

不同处理的大蒜粗提物对新鲜草莓的保鲜作用初探

以不同浓度的生蒜和熟蒜提取液对草莓进行保鲜处理,在11d之内分别对草莓的腐烂率、失重率、Vc变化率及第5天草莓的感官品质进行检测。实验结果表明,不同浓度的生蒜和熟蒜的提取液对草莓均有一定的保鲜作用。从实验结果综合考虑,用熟蒜10%浓度的提取液对草莓的保鲜效果最佳。     

Changes in vitamin C concentrations in plasma and milk from dairy cows after an intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli

Plasma and milk concentrations of ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (DHAA) were measured before and after 21 Holstein cows (approximately 26 DIM) were given an intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli. Blood, milk from the unchallenged quarters, and milk from the challenged gland were sampled immediately before challenge (d 0) and 24 h and 7 d postchallenge. Plasma vitamin C (ascorbic acid + DHAA) concentrations decreased 39%, and concentrations of vitamin C and ascorbic acid in milk from the challenged quarter decreased 52 and 62%, respectively, in samples taken 24 h postchallenge. No change was observed in vitamin C concentrations in milk from unchallenged quarters. The concentration of DHAA in milk from challenged quarters increased 67% 24 h postchallenge. The duration of clinical mastitis, peak body temperature, number of colony-forming units of E. coli isolated from the infected gland, and loss in milk yield were associated with a change in concentration of vitamin C in milk from the challenged quarter. Increased severity of clinical signs was associated with large decreases in concentration of vitamin C in milk from the challenged quarter. Similar, but statistically weaker, relationships were observed for changes in plasma vitamin C concentrations.     

几种常用保鲜方法对草莓保鲜效果的研究

通过对6种(冷激、氯化钙、植酸、过氧乙酸、低温、壳聚糖涂膜)常用草莓保鲜方法的比较试验,分析各种保鲜方法对草莓贮藏期的失重率、腐烂率、VC含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量及可溶性固形物含量的影响效应。研究结果表明,各处理均能明显减缓草莓果实的VC、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量的下降,抑制草莓腐烂和失水,对草莓保鲜有一定的效果。其中冷激处理综合保鲜效果较优,且操作简单,成本较低,最适合普通农户贮藏保鲜草莓。     

1-MCP 与植酸处理对草莓果实采后生理品质的影响

采用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)和植酸对草莓进行不同处理,通过追踪测定其贮藏期间的质量损失率、硬度、可溶性固形物(soluble solids content,SSC)、呼吸强度、维生素C(VC)、可滴定酸(titratable acidity,TA)和相对电导率等指标来研究不同处理对草莓的保鲜效果。结果表明：1-MCP和植酸处理可有效降低草莓的质量损失率和呼吸强度,推迟SSC出现峰值的时间,延缓其后熟衰老过程,抑制其硬度、TA和VC含量的下降;同时,1-MCP 和植酸复合处理比两者各自的单独处理都具有更好的效果,能显著改善草莓在贮藏期间的果实品质。