Impact of mining on the groundwater chemistry in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)

The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), 7500 sq.km area (including 5500 sq.km in Poland), is situated in the Variscian Upper Silesian intermountain depression. Coal-bearing Upper Carboniferous rocks occur beneath the permeable Mesozoic and Quarternary sediments in the NE part of the USCB and the impermeable Tertiary clay series in the southern and north—western parts. Studies on hydrogeochemical environment showed a normal vertical and horizontal hydrogeochemical zone in the full extent of the basin. This zone is characterized by changes in mineralization and chemical of waters along circulation routes. Strongly mineralized waters of isolated structures represent brines of the type Cl?Na and specially Cl?Na?Ca. A general trend of increased mineralization is noted along with depth of occurrence of water independently of age of the strata. The general regularity is disturbed by the phenomena of hydrochemical inversion mainly due to the mining activity. In the USCB coal deposits have began to be intensively exploited as early as the 18th century. The coal seams are exploited by the underground mining method, mainly by the longwall system, down to the average depth from 650 m to 1200 m. The steadily increasing mining depth and the opening of new mining levels increase the extent of drainage by mines and amounts as well as salinity of pumped out water. The total quantity of water pumped out of mines equals 724 m³/min. Area of decreased piezometric heads, because of the mine drainage, covers about 2000 sq.km. As the coal mine workings are carried out in different hydrochemical zones, the chemistry of the pumped mine waters vary significantly, with the mineralization of natural mine water ranging from 0.2 to 372.0 g/dm³. The artificial hydraulic interconnections created by mining activities and deep drainage cause changes in the natural hydrochemical regime of groundwater. The desalination effect caused by mining activity depends mainly on the depth and size of mining, duration of exploitation, drainage activity and geological conditions of the USCB. The present hydrochemical zone in the USCB determined by the mining impact is shown on the maps of groundwater mineralization at the depth of 500 and 750 m, as well as on the map of the depth of the occurrence of saline waters (35 g/dm³). There is a close correlation between mineralization of water in the Carboniferous within the coal fields and the type of overlying rocks as well as degree in which the rock mass is affected by mine workings. The maximum salinity of water was found in depressional structures under the cover of sealing. Tertiary rocks, host structure not covered by the Tertiary and affected by mine workings for over a hundred years are characterized by a marked desalination of waters to the depth of about 500 m.     

Impact of coal mining on mine water quality

The coal mining industry has to dispose of millions of litres of water every day. This water forms main source of various water supplies in the thickly populated coalfields. In this study, water samples from major coalfields were collected and analysed in an attempt to reflect the impact of mining on water quality in these areas. Various physico-chemical characteristics of mine waters as analysed include pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductivity, hardness, total solids, sulphate, chloride iron and trace materials. This investigation reveals that mining activity, markedly pollute the mine waters. Mine waters are of highly complex nature and of widely varying composition. These are nearly neutral, alkaline, mildly acidic and highly acidic in nature. Special emphasis on water quality deterioration due to acid mine drainage which result in significant concentration levels of tract (toxic) metals, is given. A classification of these mine waters is also made.     

Impact of coal mining on groundwater of Luohe Formation in Binchang mining area

Groundwater of Luohe Formation is the main water source for industrial and agricultural and residential use in Binchang mining area,which is one of the key elem...     

某铅锌氧化矿选矿试验研究

某矿石是一种含铅锌多金属氧化矿,铅锌氧化率分别高达56.30%和93.9%。本次试验采用摇床重选,摇床精矿经再磨-浮选、摇床尾矿直接进入浮选流程。选别流程为依次优先选别硫化铅矿物、铅氧化矿及锌氧化矿,获得了硫化铅精矿产率为7.65%、铅品位为61.00%、铅回收率为43.82%;氧化铅精矿产率10.15%、铅品位51.41%、铅回收率49.00%;氧化锌精矿产率为23.22%、锌品位为45.77%、锌回收率为85.02%的选别指标。     

北洺河铁矿底板残留矿量的回收方法研究

北洺河铁矿用大结构参数强制崩落与诱导冒落相结合的无底柱高效率采矿方法开采,采场内底板残留矿量较多,需在围岩里设置特殊工程加以回采.本文采用在底板围岩里加密进路的技术措施回收底板残留矿量,并根据绘制的放出体、残留体形态与矿岩稳定特点,分析回收进路的合理位置与回采方法等问题.     

霍林河南露天矿陡帮开采方法的应用

通过对霍林河南露天矿采场深部的主采煤层的上部台阶平盘宽度的改变,增大了工作帮坡角进而增大露煤量,达到了提高二量的目的,同时说明年末提高二量的必要性。     

倾斜脉状薄矿体开采方法的研究

某铜矿在矿区南部探边扫盲时,探获了与原主矿体赋存状态截然不同的倾斜薄矿脉;其产状变化大,开采条件较复杂。根据矿脉地质条件的不同,探讨了改进型的采矿方法,即房柱全面矿块空场采矿法和分段空场留矿法,并获满意效果。该采矿方法的成功应用,将对该矿山或同类倾斜薄矿脉的开采具有一定的指导意义。     

Hydrogeological investigation and drainage infrastructure at underground zinc and lead troya mine (Gipuzkoa,Spain)

In 1977 a 491 m. long ramp was developed from surface into the Troya ore body. At the bottom, when the ramp had reached the ore horizon, a sudden and important water inflow from the confined karstic aquifer at the foot wall took place. A hydrological investigation was immediatly started with the objective of defining the characteristics of the aquifer. Two main phases of the investigation were planned and completed before a drainage system could be developed:

1. Pumping test of a surface well, drilled near the vertical of the ramp's bottom.
2. Pumping control of the ramp drainage system and piezometry of the well.

In addition, complementary monitoring of flow, pressure, temperature and chemistry at several points in the aquifer system as well as rainfall was established. Upon defining the main characteristics of the aquifer system where the Troya ore body is hosted, it was planned to drill wells from pumping and piezometric control. These holes also provided complementary geological and hydrogeological information. The pumping test performed provided information of high practical value.     

抚顺西露天矿北帮扩采油母页岩富矿的研究

抚顺西露天矿现在已经进入露天矿开采的收尾阶段,现在北帮十五段平盘下电铁运输系统已经拆除,抚顺矿业集团公司的发展还需要抚顺西露天矿继续发挥余热,尤其是在抚顺矿业集团公司战略转移大力发展页岩油和页岩油化工的关键时期。通过对西露天矿北帮扩采油母页岩富矿进行探索和研究,在确保边坡稳定的前提下,最大限度的开采油母页岩富矿资源,增加经济效益,延长矿山服务年限。     

露天煤矿开采现状及生态环境影响分析

分析我国露天煤矿开采规模、地区分布特点,煤炭露天开采对矿区生态环境影响,提出了露天开采与生态环境一体化技术。建立露天矿绿色开采理论体系,引入绿色因子建立露天开采目标函数,以达到强制实现生态环境保护的目标。     

大型露天煤矿采掘工程质量控制的探讨

露天矿采掘工程质量的好坏直接影响后续干线、半干线的形成,进一步关系到卡车运行中的安全与轮胎、悬挂等的消耗。本文从穿爆与采掘两个主要方面给予分析探讨,提出切实可行的控制措施。     

赤峰某铀钼矿不稳固矿体采矿方法的探讨

赤峰某铀钼矿5号矿点曾遭盗采。针对其矿体不稳固、围岩中等稳固,以及存在较大采空区,矿体完整性遭破坏的情况,提出了上向进路充填法开采的设计方案。     

西石门铁矿卸压开采方案研究

安全生产是矿山企业的重要目标,地压问题是非常重要的影响因素,近几年来尤为突出,成为安全生产需要解决的关键问题。作为诸多地压控制措施之一,卸压开采可以避免和减少应力叠加,是控制地压危害的有效手段,确定合理的回采顺序则是进行卸压开采的前提。西石门铁矿矿体底板矽卡岩稳定性差和采动地压大,生产实践表明,采用传统的“支护求稳”方法,很难解决大面积开采引起的地压问题。通过在中区和南区调整回采顺序,进行卸压开采,并根据实际情况采用支护相结合,很有效的解决了这一难题。在以后的生产实践中,要进一步加强这方面的研究,以降低生产成本,促进安全生产,并达到进一步提高回收率和降低贫化率的目标。     

预粉磨在铁矿山的应用

介绍了预粉磨工艺流程和主要粉磨设备在铁矿山的应用 ,并进行了比较 ,实践证明广义磨是一种可以在铁矿山中广泛推广应用的预粉磨设备     

某露天铁矿南部境界外挂帮矿开拓方案

为了缓解生产压力,确保上级公司铁矿石原材料的供应,准备回收某露天铁矿南部境界外约为3 000万t的挂帮矿储量。通过技术、经济及其他定性比较方法,确定适宜的采矿方案为点柱式上向分层充填法。开拓方案为利用现有的露天开采运输系统,在非生产露天平台上掘进平硐进行开采。露天矿境界外挂帮矿体的回采不仅充分回收了国家矿产资源,还为露天矿山可持续发展提供了新的途径。     

降低采场矿石贫化率和采矿损失率的有效措施

分析三山岛金矿影响采场矿石贫化率和采矿损失率的各种因素 ,介绍降低两个指标的有效措施     

电子雷管在复杂环境下菱镁铁矿露天爆破开采中的应用

现场采用数码电子雷管,通过实验得出最佳的延时时间,优化了爆破延时,有效的防止了爆破过程中产生的大块现象和控制爆破振动对周围环境、设施的影响,同时还可以降低了爆破综合成本,可以对类似电子雷管的使用提供参考和借鉴。     

草原区露天煤矿开发对土壤环境质量的影响

矿区土壤环境质量直接关系到矿区周边草原质量状况和矿区土地复垦与生态修复工作。本文以胜利一号露天矿为例,通过煤矿开发前与开发后土壤质量、再造土壤与原地貌典型草原土壤质量、剥离表土和其他再造土壤,以及有人工种植和无人工种植的再造土壤的对比等多角度研究草原区煤田开发对矿区土壤质量的影响,结果表明:(1)与采矿前相比,胜利一号露天矿开采5年后周边原地貌典型草原土壤pH值略有升高,重金属元素As、Hg、Cu、Cd等含量均高于采矿前水平,有机质、速效钾和速效磷等营养元素含量也较采矿前有所升高;(2)与原地貌典型草原土壤相比,露天煤矿排土场再造土壤重金属含量明显增加,有机质和营养元素含量有所降低;(3)剥离表土有机质和营养元素较其他再造土壤丰富,而且小型分散表土堆较大型表土排放场更有利于保持表土的营养成分;(4)人工种植会显著增加再造土壤有机质和多数营养元素的含量。     

露天矿分期开采在太和铁矿改扩建工程中的应用

对太和铁矿露天分期开采,陡帮扩帮的开采方式进行了系统的分析,并结合工程特点,解决了在工程中出现的问题,更合理的利用了矿山资源,提高了矿山的经济效益.