光纤光栅压力传感器及其温度效应研究

根据Bragg光栅方程,讨论了光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)压力传感机理及温度对光纤光栅反射波长的影响;通过裸光栅的罐状聚合物封装,在0～20MPa的范围内,使光纤光栅的压力灵敏度提高为-42.0am/Pa,是裸栅的17.3倍,可作为恒温时较高压力环境下使用的传感器;经实验结果分析,100℃以下的温度范围内,封装后的FBG受温度影响效应变为裸栅的4倍,反射波长与温度亦具有良好的线性关系。指出非恒温环境下的压力测量应考虑对传感器反射波长随压力变化曲线进行线性修正,以实现对压力的准确测量。     

光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器

采用靶式结构作为光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的换能元件,其中两片光栅分别粘贴于等强度悬臂梁的上下两表面。采用双光栅粘贴方式对传感器进行温度补偿,有效的解决了应变与温度交叉敏感的问题,提高了测量灵敏度。实验表明该靶式光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的载荷响应灵敏度为33.6pm/kg,测量精度为0.5%。     

高温再生光纤光栅温度传感器封装技术

针对光纤光栅高温再生后机械强度降低、易断裂的问题,开展了高温再生光纤Bragg光栅(RFBG)温度传感器封装技术研究,提出了一种石英—陶瓷管封装的高温再生光纤光栅温度传感器结构。通过1 000℃高温退火得到了高温再生光纤光栅温度传感器,并对其进行了标定,对其测量精度和高温稳定性进行了测试。结果表明:制得的再生光纤光栅温度传感器反射光谱信号良好,测量精度优于±3℃,1 000℃高温下保持5 h的温度偏差为±0. 6℃。     

结构健康监测用光纤Bragg光栅温度补偿研究

阐述了光纤Bragg光栅及多光栅温度补偿法基本原理,推导出温度补偿公式。在光纤Bragg光栅应变灵敏系数标定及钢架静力试验过程中进行温度补偿,试验结果显示光纤Bragg光栅温度计能够准确测量温度干扰。     

光纤Bragg光栅传感特性的实验研究

针对光纤Bragg光栅的温度和应力特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:光纤光栅的Bragg波长随温度和轴向应变的变化呈现出良好的线性和重复性;光栅的涂敷材料、支撑材料不会改变它的线性和重复性,但对其灵敏度有显著的影响。实验结果可以作为对光纤光栅进一步深入研究的参考。     

关于光纤光栅应力传感及解调的研究

阐述了一种新颖有效的光纤光栅微应力传感及信号解调的方法,将光纤Bragg光栅在微应变作用下产生的波长变化用于传感测量,用一对光纤Bragg光栅进行信号解调,同时进行了温度补偿.理论上分析了传感的原理,实验上得到了线性度很高的响应.研究表明,本传感系统结构简单,操作方便,灵敏度高,可以识别1 με以下的变化.     

基于光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器的量测锚杆拉力研究

由于被锚固结构自身的风化作用和锚杆自身的受力,蠕动变形等会改变锚杆的受力状态。为了实时反映锚杆的受力状态,将光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器通过引脚沿轴向焊接在锚杆的杆体上。由于锚杆杆体受力带动光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器引脚间距发生变化,使得应变传感器内的光纤Bragg光栅中心波长发生移位。通过对光纤Bragg光栅中心波长移位量的测量,可以实现对锚杆轴向拉力的在线监测。锚杆拉力试验表明:拉力灵敏度为6.5 pm/kN,线性度为1.78%FS。     

光纤Bragg 光栅的温度传感研究􀀁

本文分析了光纤 Bragg光栅在受到温度调制时的滤波特性。与温度对光纤光栅反射谱波长的影响相比 ,对其带宽的影响可忽略。实验中 ,光纤光栅受温度的调制 ,并且其反射谱由光谱仪记录。结果表明该光纤 Bragg光栅对温度产生的波长偏移是 0 .0 0 991nm/℃。值得注意的是实验中最大标准误差为 0 .0 3nm,能满足目前波分复用技术所需的信道精度。     

无胶化封装的光纤Bragg光栅高温应变传感器及其特性研究

本文提出了一种全新的具有极好温度自校正能力的光纤Bragg光栅高温应变传感器结构,并提供一种新的封装方式能够实现在250°C高温环境下应变的高精度测量并且具有极好的稳定性和重复性,可应用于250°C左右的环境下大型机械等接触式高精度应变测量,另外该结构简单能够实现量产,对高温环境下的工程应用具有很好的实用价值。我们通过实验获得传感器在250°C左右的应变测量灵敏度约为372.6pm/N,线性度为R2=0.9992。     

双悬臂梁式光纤Bragg光栅位移传感器

位移测量装置利用测量杆通过楔形块作用在固定于底座的等强度悬臂梁上,其中,光纤Bragg光栅粘贴于其中一块等强度悬臂梁外表面的中心线处。在测量中,当测量杆产生位移时,会带动楔形块产生相应的位移,并促使等强度悬臂梁的自由端产生扰度变化,从而导致粘贴于等强度悬臂梁外表面的光纤Bragg光栅产生波长移位。实验表明,当位移增加或者减少时,位于中心测点的光纤Bragg光栅的实验灵敏度分别为正行程0.015nm/mm,反行程为0.014nm/mm,重复性误差为2.2%;正行程的线性度为0.99728,反行程的线性度为0.99684,迟滞为0.0626%FS。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.