白光LED用YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉制备及其性能研究进展

系统介绍了YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉制备技术的研究现状,综述了目前制备中应用较多的溶胶-凝胶法、沉淀法、喷雾热解法、燃烧法、固相法等几种方法的国内外新进展,并对其优缺点进行了综合比较.分析了掺杂以及电荷补偿、助熔剂、包覆及热处理与使用温度等因素对荧光粉发光性能的影响,阐述了白光LED用YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉性能的研究进展及发展趋势.     

VA族单元素二维纳米材料在生物医用领域的研究进展

纳米材料在不同技术领域均有广泛应用,且在解决基础科学新发现上拥有巨大潜力。其中单元素构成的纳米材料因合成容易、制备简单而倍受关注,尤其VA族二维单元素纳米材料(包括黑磷、砷烯等)的物理、化学、电子和光学特性优异,在生物成像、药物递送和诊断治疗等生物医学领域应用前景广阔。本文总结了VA族二维单元素纳米材料的一般特性、合成和修饰方法,重点介绍了其面向各种生物医学应用的纳米平台的研究进展,最后,讨论了其在生物医学领域所面临的挑战并展望了未来的发展方向。     

Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials

This article reviews recent progresses in growth mechanism, synthesis, and applications of zinc oxide nano-materials （mainly focusing on one-dimensional （1D） nanomaterials）. In the first part of this article, we briefly introduce the importance, the synthesis methods and growth mechanisms, the properties and applications of ZnO 1D nanomaterials. In the second part of this article, the growth mechanisms of ZnO 1D nanomaterials will be discussed in detail in the framework of vapor-liquid-solid （VLS）, vapor-solid （VS）, and aqueous solution growth （ASG） approaches. Both qualitative and quantitative information will be provided to show how a controlled synthesis of ZnO 1D nanomaterials can be achieved. In the third part of this article, we present recent progresses in our group for the synthesis of ZnO 1D nanomaterials, and the results from other groups will only be mentioned briefly. Especially, experiment designing according to theories will be elaborated to demonstrate the concept of controlled synthesis. In the fourth part of this article, the properties and potential applications of ZnO 1D nanomaterials will be treated. Finally, a summary part will be presented in the fifth section. The future trend of research for ZnO 1D nanomaterials will be pointed out and key issues to be solved will be proposed.     

One-Dimensional （1D） ZnS Nanomaterials and Nanostructures

One-dimensional （1D） nanomaterials and nanostructures have received much attention due to their potential interest for understanding fundamental physical concepts and for applications in constructing nanoscale electric and optoelectronic devices. Zinc sulfide （ZnS） is an important semiconductor compound of Ⅱ-Ⅵ group, and the synthesis of 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures has been of growing interest owing to their promising application in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the recent progress on 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures, including nanowires, nanowire arrays, nanorods, nanobelts or nanoribbons, nanocables, and hierarchical nanostructures etc. This article begins with a survey of various methods that have been developed for generating 1D nanomaterials and nanostructures, and then mainly focuses on structures, synthesis, characterization, formation mechanisms and optical property tuning, and luminescence mechanisms of 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures. Finally, this review concludes with personal views towards future research on 1D ZnS nanomaterials and nanostructures.     

Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon‐based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface‐to‐volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state‐of‐the‐art biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D nanomaterials.     

Ce~(3+)和Y~(3+)掺杂对Ca_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu~(2+)荧光粉发光性能的影响

在还原气氛下,采用高温固相法合成了Ca_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu~(2+),Rs~(3+) (R~(3+)=Ce~(3+),Y~(3+))系列荧光粉.结果表明,少量稀土离子的掺入没有改变晶体的物相结构.在Ca_2MgSi_2o_7:Euz~(2+)荧光粉中,Ce~(3+)和y~(3+)的掺入对荧光强度的影响较大,且与掺杂元素、掺杂量相关.当掺杂Ce~(3+)和Y~(3+)的量分别为0.007mol和0.05mol时,所得荧光粉在532nm处的发光强度分别是未掺杂时的127%和117%.结果表明,在Ca_2MgSi_2O_7中Ce~(3+)与Eu~(2+)存在能量传递,Ce~(3+)的加入显著敏化了Eu~(2+)的发光,导致荧光强度的进一步提高;Y~(3+)的掺杂可以使荧光粉的粒径减小,并导致基质中的电荷缺陷而敏化Eu~(2+)发光,从而使荧光强度进一步提高.     

稀土激活发光材料的研究进展

稀土发光材料是一种很有发展前途的新型功能材料.介绍了稀土发光材料的性质和应用,详细阐述了高温固相、共沉淀、燃烧、气体反应、水热和微波等稀土发光材料的制备方法,探讨了稀土离子对发光材料的激活机理,并展望了该领域的发展前景.作者利用燃烧法制备出以SrAl2O4为基质,稀土元素铈和铽为激活剂的光致黄色荧光发光材料,显示了其优越的发光性能.     

真空紫外光激发下Tb~(3+)激活的稀土正硼酸盐的发光

报导了Tb3+、Ce3+激活的稀土正硼酸盐的真空紫外光谱。分析了Ce3+的4f75d能级随基质结构、基质阳离子的变化,讨论了温度、Tb3＋离子的浓度对发光的影响以及Ce3＋－Tb3＋间的能量传递.     

星形聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成与表征

以高价铈盐(硝酸铈铵)和多羟基有机物(丙三醇、季戊四醇、蔗糖)组成的氧化还原引发体系为引发剂引发丙烯酰胺(AM)自由基聚合，采用^1H—NMR和SEC方法对产物进行结构表征。结果表明，制备的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)是星形聚丙烯酰胺(SPAM)，并提出了由NMR和SEC谱图计算SPAM平均臂数的两种方法。同时实验还考察了引发剂组成和用量、还原剂种类，以及单体浓度对聚合反应的影响。     

One-dimensional 8-hydroxyquinoline metal complex nanomaterials: synthesis,optoelectronic properties,and applications

One-dimensional (1D) 8-hydroxyquinoline metal complex nanomaterials exhibit distinctive characteristics that differ from those of their bulk counterparts. Owing to their small size, shape anisotropy, unique structures, and novel properties, these organometallic 1D nanostructures are promising candidates for various devices. This review highlights current progress in the synthesis of 1D 8-hydroxyquinoline metal complex nanomaterials and summarizes their optoelectronic properties and applications. The mainly synthetic strategies are divided into three categories, which include vapor phase growth, solution phase growth, and self-assembly. Special attention is paid to the formation mechanisms and the control measures for 1D nanostructured 8-hydroxyquinoline metal complexes. Other new methods such as template-based synthesis and electrospinning are briefly described. Merits and shortcomings of each synthetic strategy are simply discussed. Then, a variety of optoelectronic properties including luminescence, field emission, charge transport, photoconductivity, and photo-switching properties are reviewed, and their applications in optoelectronic devices, field emission, and templates are also surveyed. In the end, concise conclusions are provided, and personal perspectives on future investigations of 1D 8-hydroxyquinoline metal complex nanomaterials are proposed.     

1D Carbon‐Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have attracted immense research interests as an effective technology for utilizing renewable energy. 1D carbon‐based nanostructures are recognized as highly promising materials for EES application, combining the advantages of functional 1D nanostructures and carbon nanomaterials. Here, the recent advances of 1D carbon‐based nanomaterials for electrochemical storage devices are considered. First, the different categories of 1D carbon‐based nanocomposites, namely, 1D carbon‐embedded, carbon‐coated, carbon‐encapsulated, and carbon‐supported nanostructures, and the different synthesis methods are described. Next, the practical applications and optimization effects in electrochemical energy storage devices including Li‐ion batteries, Na‐ion batteries, Li–S batteries, and supercapacitors are presented. After that, the advanced in situ detection techniques that can be used to investigate the fundamental mechanisms and predict optimization of 1D carbon‐based nanocomposites are discussed. Finally, an outlook for the development trend of 1D carbon‐based nanocomposites for EES is provided.     

Nanoarchitectonics: a conceptual paradigm for design and synthesis of dimension-controlled functional nanomaterials

Nanomaterials have been prepared over a wide range of length scales from nanoscopic objects to bulk structural materials. Recent investigations have been focused on the regulation and control of nanoscopic structures for the modulation of the properties of even macroscopic objects. As an emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics has been proposed as a technology system to be used for arranging nanoscale structural units--i.e., the nanostructure unit as a group of atoms or molecules--in a predesignated configuration. In this review, we summarize recent research on nanomaterials including design, synthesis, fabrication and functionalization based on the nanoarchitectonics concept. Examples are roughly classified according to their dimensionalities: (i) OD nanomaterials (quantum dots, nanocrystals, nanoparticles and nanospheres); (ii) 1D nanomaterials (nanorods, nanowires, nanobelts, nanowhiskers and nanotubes), (iii) 2D nanomaterials (nanosheets, graphene, self-assemble monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett films, layer-by-layer assemblies and interfacial structures), and (iv) 3D nanomaterials (bulk materials with nanoscale structural control, nanohybrids, nanocomposites and mesoporous materials).     

Self-Assembled Peptide-Based Nanodrugs: Molecular Design,Synthesis, Functionalization,and Targeted Tumor Bioimaging and Biotherapy

Functional nanomaterials as nanodrugs based on the self-assembly of inorganics, polymers, and biomolecules have showed wide applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. Ascribing to the unique biological, chemical, and physical properties of peptide molecules, peptide is used as an excellent precursor material for the synthesis of functional nanodrugs for highly effective cancer therapy. Herein, recent progress on the design, synthesis, functional regulation, and cancer bioimaging and biotherapy of peptide-based nanodrugs is summarized. For this aim, first molecular design and controllable synthesis of peptide nanodrugs with 0D to 3D structures are presented, and then the functional customization strategies for peptide nanodrugs are presented. Then, the applications of peptide-based nanodrugs in bioimaging, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Furthermore, peptide-based drugs in preclinical, clinical trials, and approved are briefly described. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions are pointed out on addressing the questions of this promising research topic. This comprehensive review can guide the motif design and functional regulation of peptide nanomaterials for facile synthesis of nanodrugs, and further promote their practical applications for diagnostics and therapy of diseases.     

Recent Progress in Emerging Novel MXenes Based Materials and their Fascinating Sensing Applications

Early transition metals based 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides nanomaterials are known as MXenes, a novel and extensive new class of 2D materials family. Since the first accidently synthesis based discovery of Ti₃C₂ in 2011, more than 50 additional compositions have been experimentally reported, including at least eight distinct synthesis methods and also more than 100 stoichiometries are theoretically studied. Due to its distinctive surface chemistry, graphene like shape, metallic conductivity, high hydrophilicity, outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, redox capacity and affordable with mass-produced nature, this diverse MXenes are of tremendous scientific and technological significance. In this review, first we'll come across the MXene based nanomaterials possible synthesis methods, their advantages, limitations and future suggestions, new chemistry related to their selected properties and potential sensing applications, which will help us to explain why this family is growing very fast as compared to other 2D families. Secondly, problems that help to further improve commercialization of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are examined, and many advances in the commercializing of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are proposed. At the end, we'll go through the current challenges, limitations and future suggestions.     

Ce~(3+)激活的锂-6玻璃闪烁体发光及核物理性能的研究

选取Ce~(3+)为激活剂离子,锂-6和硼-10为靶核核素分别研制了可用于热中子探测的玻璃闪烁体,并系统研究了其发光性能及部分核物理性能.研究结果表明,Ce~(3+)激活的锂-6玻璃闪烁体具有较长的发射波长(390nm),较短的衰减时间(46.9ns)以及良好的γ射线甄别性能和温度效应,是探测热中子优良的玻璃基质材料.靶核核素与激活剂离子在锂-6玻璃闪烁体中均有一较佳的浓度范围,浓度过大将产生不同程度的淬灭效应.     

Production of Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials via Liquid‐Based Direct Exfoliation

Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the synthesis and application of two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials due to their extraordinary and unique properties in electronics, photonics, catalysis, etc., upon exfoliation from their bulk counterparts. One of the greatest challenges that scientists are confronted with is how to produce large quantities of 2D nanomaterials of high quality in a commercially viable way. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art of the production of 2D nanomaterials using liquid‐based direct exfoliation (LBE), a very promising and highly scalable wet approach for synthesizing high quality 2D nanomaterials in mild conditions. LBE is a collection of methods that directly exfoliates bulk layered materials into thin flakes of 2D nanomaterials in liquid media without any, or with a minimum degree of, chemical reactions, so as to maintain the high crystallinity of 2D nanomaterials. Different synthetic methods are categorized in the following, in which material characteristics including dispersion concentration, flake thickness, flake size and some applications are discussed in detail. At the end, we provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of such synthetic methods of LBE and propose future perspectives.     

氧化钇稳定立方氧化锆掺杂晶体的吸收光谱和发光光谱

用“壳熔”冷坩埚技术生长了氧化钇稳定的立方氧化锆(YSCZ)掺杂晶体,它们的杂质浓度为 CeO_2(0.01、0.3、0.5wt%)、Fe_2O_3(?)0.03wt%+CeO_2 0.01wt%、Fe_2O_3 0.03wt%+(?)CeO_2 0.03wt%、CoO(0.1、0.3wt%)、Cr_2O_3 1wt%,一个为未掺杂的 YSCZ 晶体。在 Beckman UV 5270型光谱仪上测量了室温下300～800nm 波长范围的吸收光谱,记录了空气中生长和~(60)Co 射线辐照后晶体的吸收光谱。实验结果表明掺 Ce 和 Co 晶体出现新带,这是由于 γ 射线辐照过程中 Ce~(4+)变为 Ce~(3+)、Co~(3+)变为 Co~(2+)的原因。但掺Cr 的晶体经辐照后无新带出现。本工作还测量和讨论了掺 Cr、Er 等晶体的发光光谱。     

光学基质粉体YAG及荧光粉体Ce:YAG的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备出尺寸分布均匀、分散性良好的立方相钇铝石榴石(YAG)与Ce:YAG纳米粉体.考察了煅烧温度和时间对粉体物相和颗粒大小的影响及Ce~(3+)的掺杂量对Ce:YAG粉体的荧光光谱的影响.借助IR、XRD、BET、SEM和荧光分析仪等测试手段对前驱体、YAG及Ce:YAG纳米粉体进行了表征与分析.结果表明:共沉淀前驱体经900℃煅烧2h后可得到纯立方相的YAG(Ce:YAG)纳米粉体;所得Ce:YAG粉体具有较好的荧光特性且Ce~(3+)的掺杂量增加会造成其荧光光谱红移.     

Emerging Porous Two-Dimensional Materials: Current Status,Existing Challenges,and Applications

Two-Dimensional (2D) materials have attracted immense attention in recent years. These materials have found their applications in various fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and sensing, as they exhibit excellent physical, chemical, electronic, photonic, and biological properties. Recently, researchers have focused on constructing porous structures on 2D materials. Various strategies, such as chemical etching and template-based methods, for the development of surface pores are reported, and the porous 2D materials fabricated over the years are used to develop supercapacitors and energy storage devices. Moreover, the lattice structure of the 2D materials can be modulated during the construction of porous structures to develop 2D materials that can be used in various fields such as lattice defects in 2D nanomaterials for enhancing biomedical performances. This review focuses on the recently developed chemical etching, solvent thermal synthesis, microwave combustion, and template methods that are used to fabricate porous 2D materials. The application prospects of the porous 2D materials are summarized. Finally, the key scientific challenges associated with developing porous 2D materials are presented to provide a platform for developing porous 2D materials.