AdHoc网络中基于熵的QoS多播路由研究

AdHoc网络自身固有的特点使得AdHoc网络的QoS路由协议面临许多新的挑战和机遇,而且出现了许多新的网络系统．如视频点播、远程教学、远程医疗等,这些多媒体实时系统已经不满足网络的单播数据。因此,网络数据的多播提上了日程。本文对QoS多播路由进行了阐述,提出了一种基于熵的稳定的QoS多播路由,并且对它进行了分析以及与已经存在的多QoS约束多播路由进行了比较。     

移动Ad Hoc网络多播路由协议的研究进展

移动AdHoc网络是一个自组织、移动节点通过无线链路组成的动态拓扑变化的网络.由于网络规模小、无基础设施、构建迅速等特点,从而广泛用于紧急事件、军事和民用领域以及多媒体应用等.随着网络应用规模的增长,在移动AdHoc网络中支持多播路由成为网络领域中一类重要的研究课题.该文综述了移动AdHoc网络多播路由方面的一些最新工作,论述了设计移动AdHoc网络多播路由协议的特性、问题和技术,详细描述和比较了目前典型的移动AdHoc网络多播路由协议,为进一步的应用和研究提出了新的课题.     

移动Ad Hoc网络QoS路由协议研究

移动AdHoc网络以其灵活、健壮等特性正成为无线网络研究特别是军事研究的一个热点,但其自身的移动性、多跳性和网络带宽的受限性等使传统的路由技术已不再适合。文章首先介绍AdHoc网络的特点及面临的问题。然后对当前AdHoc网络的QoS主要路由协议进行了详细的分析与研究,并从路由机制、单向链路的支持、多播功能、QoS参数选择以及节能等方面进行了比较和分析。最后探讨了今后AdHoc网络路由技术的最新发展动态和研究方向。     

基于MANET的QoS多播路由协议研究

在自组织网络上运行多媒体应用,正在成为随遇计算和随遇通信环境中的一个完整部分,同时提出了对QoS和多播的需求,如何设计有效的QoS多播路由协议已经成为当前研究的热点问题。本文介绍了自组网QoS多播路由协议研究方面的一些最新进展,并对该研究所提出的路由算法进行了比较和分析,有助于进一步改进和完善自组网的QoS多播路由技术。     

AdHoc网络多播路由协议研究进展分析

基于AdHoc网络的特殊性,固定网络中已有的多播路由协议已经难以有较好的适应度,怎样在移动无线自组织网络中实现效率较高的多播路由已成为一个极具挑战性的问题。分析了移动无线自组织网络中多播路由协议所具有的问题以及相应的设计要求;详细阐述了现有的移动无线自组织网络多播路由协议,并对该网络中不同多播路由的方法进行了分析和比较;对移动无线自组织网络中的多播路由协议的使用进行了总结。     

基于QoS约束的多播路由研究

该文给出了多播路由的定义和多播树的分类,描述了一种适用于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型,对多播路由算法进行了分类,介绍了典型的基于QoS约束的多播路由协议和算法,对每个算法的性能特性和适应范围进行了客观的评价,提供了QoS多播路由算法复杂度的比较,对QoS多播路由技术的进一步研究进行了展望。     

Ad Hoc中基于分层结构的QoS多播路由算法

随着移动AdHoc网络的应用不断扩大,研究其具有QoS约束的多播路由技术已成为网络及分布式系统领域的一个重要研究课题。论文基于作者设计的分层结构多播路由算法MALS,提出了以权重因子方法进行分簇处理的QoS多播路由算法MALS_QoS。和MALS相比,MALS_QoS算法具有QoS的约束功能,能产生具有带宽、剩余能量、延时和延时抖动等约束的QoS多播树。仿真实验表明,MALS_QoS能满足QoS约束的多播要求,具有较好的性能。     

MAODV协议的QoS延伸

研讨了Ad Hoc网络中具有QoS约束的多播路由问题和网络模型,提出了一种基于延伸MAODV（Multicast Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector）多播路由协议的延时、带宽和包丢失率等度量的QoS多播路由协议。仿真实验显示该协议较好地改进b 端到端传输延时、带宽利用率和传输性能,为Ad Hoc网络QoS多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径。     

Ad Hoc网络QoS多播路由协议

随着高性能网络、移动网络及Internet的不断发展,具有QoS约束的多播路由技术已成为网络及分布式系统领域的一个重要研究课题．该文研讨了Ad Hoc网络中具有Qos约束的多播路由问题,其中主要包含延迟、带宽、代价等Qos约束．文中描述了一种适应于研究Ad Hoc网络Qos多播路由的网络模型,提出了Ad Hoc网络中一种具有QoS约束的多播路由协议(QMRP)．文中给出了该协议的正确性证明和复杂性分析．仿真实验结果表明,该协议较其它协议更适合于网络状态变化比较频繁的环境以及实时多媒体应用,优化了多播树的代价．QMRP为Ad Hoc网络QoS约束多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径．     

多QoS约束的多播路由协议

随着高性能网络、移动网络及Internet的不断发展,具有QoS约束的多播路由技术已成为网络及分布式系统领域的一个重要研究课题.研讨了具有多QoS约束的多播路由问题,其中主要包含延迟、延迟抖动、带宽、代价等QoS约束.描述了一种适应于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型,提出了一种具有多QoS约束的多播路由协议(multicast routing protocol with multiple QoS,简称MRPMQ).MRPMQ试图有效减少生成多QoS约束的多播树的开销.在MRPMQ中,一个多播组成员能够动态地加入/退出一个多播会晤,且不干扰现有的多播树.给出了该协议的正确性证明和复杂性分析.仿真实验结果表明,MRPMQ为多QoS约束多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径.     

Review of multicast routing mechanisms in mobile ad hoc networks

Frequent interactions among the group members of distributed wireless network environment may be facilitated with the help of Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs). Some of the group-oriented applications include disaster management, battlefields, audio/video conferencing, e-commerce, e-education, etc. Group communication demands dynamic construction of efficient and reliable multicast routes under user mobility and varying channel conditions. Multicast routing mechanisms in MANETs have been consistently improved by researchers considering various performance measures such as energy efficient route establishment, packet delivery ratio, quicker and faster proactive route recovery, network life time, reliability, Quality of Service (QoS) based on bandwidth, delays, jitters, and security. The paper focuses on most recent reliable and QoS based multicast routing mechanisms that helps in multimedia communication over MANETs. The mechanisms are considered under different topological routing categories such as mesh, tree, zone and hybrid. We provide an overview of existing multicast routing mechanisms based on routing categories and point to directions for future research and development.     

基于混合遗传算法的多播路由多目标优化

互联网不断增长的多媒体应用引发人们研究如何满足这些应用的服务质量(QoS)约束.目前网络中多主机之间的多播通信一般需要严格的多个QoS保证,文中描述了一种适应于研究多播QoS路由多目标优化的网络模型,在此基础上提出了基于遗传算法和禁忌搜索混合策略的,具有多目标的多播路由QoS优化方法,以克服遗传算法的爬山能力差以及不成熟收敛等问题.此外还采用了改进的多播树编码方法及高效的遗传操作,同时还优化时延、丢包率和带宽利用率等不同的参数.实验结果表明,该算法为多播路由QoS多目标优化问题的求解提供了一种有效的新途径.     

Research on multicast routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes without any infrastructure. Mobile nodes self-organize to form a network over radio links. The goal of MANETs is to extend mobility into the realm of autonomous, mobile and wireless domains, where a set of nodes form the network routing infrastructure in an ad-hoc fashion. The majority of applications of MANETs are in areas where rapid deployment and dynamic reconfiguration are necessary and wired network is not available. These include military battlefields, emergency search, rescue sites, classrooms and conventions, where participants share information dynamically using their mobile devices. These applications lend themselves well to multicast operations. In addition, within a wireless medium, it is crucial to reduce the transmission overhead and power consumption. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Hence, reliable multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, to offer effective and reliable multicast routing is difficult and challenging. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and employ different recovery mechanisms. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these multicast routing protocols and better organize existing ideas and work to facilitate multicast routing design for MANETs, we present the taxonomy of the multicast routing protocols, their properties and design features. This paper aims to aid those MANETs researchers and application developers in selecting appropriate multicast routing protocols for their work.     

QMRPRNS: Design of QoS multicast routing protocol using reliable node selection scheme for MANETs

A mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of wireless mobile devices. In which multicast is one of the efficient way of communication. Currently, several research have been conducted to design multicast routing protocols for wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Multicasting is a technique that allow to send the same message to a group of destinations simultaneously. However, it faces several challenges against its implementation in ad-hoc network due to its dynamic nature, lack of bandwidth, short battery lifetime of the mobile devices. The multicast routing protocol MAODV have several constraints as mentioned above. Hence to address these constraints a reliable neighbour nodes selection scheme has been integrated over MAODV. This paper attempt a Quality of Service (QoS) based multicast routing protocol using reliable neighbour nodes selection scheme (QMRPRNS) for same. The simulation has been conducted to compare the performance of the proposed scheme against some existing multicast routing protocols which shows significant improvement over EMAODV and MAODV.     

QoS动态多播路由协议

保证服务质量的QoS（Quality of Service）路由是网络中解决OoS问题的一项关键技术．具有OoS约束的多播路由技术已成为网络领域的一个重要研究课题．该文研讨了具有QoS约束的动态多播路由问题．文中描述了一种适应于QoS多播路由的网络模型，提出了一种QoS动态多播路由协议（QDMRP）．QDMRP只要求网络链路（或节点）的局部状态信息，不需要维护全局状态信息．QDMRP较好地减少构造一棵多播树的开销．仿真实验结果表明：QDMRP具有较低的控制信息开销和节点加入时延，较好地适合于网络状态变化比较频繁的环境以及实时多媒体应用．     

Genetic algorithms with immigrants schemes for dynamic multicast problems in mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, the problem of dynamic quality-of-service (QoS) multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks is investigated. Lots of interesting works have been done on multicast since it is proved to be a NP-hard problem. However, most of them consider the static network scenarios only and the multicast tree cannot adapt to the topological changes. With the advancement in communication technologies, more and more wireless mobile networks appear, e.g., mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In a MANET, the network topology keeps changing due to its inherent characteristics such as the node mobility and energy conservation. Therefore, an effective multicast algorithm should track the topological changes and adapt the best multicast tree to the changes accordingly. In this paper, we propose to use genetic algorithms with immigrants schemes to solve the dynamic QoS multicast problem in MANETs. MANETs are considered as target systems because they represent a new generation of wireless networks. In the construction of the dynamic network environments, two models are proposed and investigated. One is named as the general dynamics model in which the topologies are changed due to that the nodes are scheduled to sleep or wake up. The other is named as the worst dynamics model, in which the topologies are altered because some links on the current best multicast tree are removed. Extensive experiments are conducted based on both of the dynamic network models. The experimental results show that these immigrants based genetic algorithms can quickly adapt to the environmental changes (i.e., the network topology changes) and produce high quality solutions following each change.     

A reliable QoS aware routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that form a temporary network on the fly without using any fixed infrastructure. Recently, the explosive growth in the use of real-time applications on mobile devices has resulted in new challenges to the design of protocols for MANETs. Chief among these challenges to enable real-time applications for MANETs is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as bandwidth constraints. However, MANETs having a high ratio of topology change make routing especially unstable; making stability is an important challenge, especially for routing having a quality of service provision. In this paper, we propose a reliable multi-path QoS routing (RMQR) protocol with a slot assignment scheme. In this scheme, we examine the QoS routing problem associated with searching for a reliable multi-path (or uni-path) QoS route from a source node to a destination node in a MANET. This route must also satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. We determine the route expiration time between two connected mobile nodes using global positioning system (GPS). Then, two parameters, the route expiration time and the number of hops, are used to select a routing path with low latency and high stability. Simulation results show that the proposed RMQR protocol have some outstanding properties when compared with Lin's [Lin C-R. On-demand QoS routing in multihop mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM), vol. 3(22–26), 2001, p. 1735–44], Liao's [Liao W-H, Tseng Y-C, Wang S-L, Sheu J-P. A multi-path QoS routing protocol in a wireless mobile Ad Hoc network. Telecommunication Systems 2002;19(3–4):329–47], and Chen's [Chen Y-S, Tseng Y-C, Sheu J-P, Kuo P-H. An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile Ad-Hoc network. Computer Communications 204;27(1):27–40] protocols.     

一种新的QoS约束的多播路由协议

网络技术和多媒体技术的发展使得未来的Internet对具有QoS(Quality of Service)需求的多播应用的支持变得更加迫切．为了解决现有QoS多播路由协议消息复杂度高、寻路成功率低以及连接建立时间比较长等问题，作者提出了一种新的QoS多播约束路由协议MRPQoS(Multicast Routing Protocol with QoS constraints)．它完全分布式运行，将局部搜索与全局搜索、单分支搜索与多分支搜索有机地结合在一起，较好地解决了上述问题．仿真结果证明：MRPQoS较其它协议更适合于网络状态变化比较频繁的环境以及实时多媒体应用．     

基于遗传算法的多约束QoS多播路由优化算法

随着大量新型的多媒体在高性能网络、移动网络及Internet中的应用，满足QoS约束的多播路由问题成为越来越重要，它吸引了许多爱好者．本文讨论了多约束QoS多播路由问题，主要包含延迟、延迟抖动、带宽和分组丢失率等QoS约束，文中描述了一种在动态网络环境及不确定参数下适应于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型．提出了一种在网络规模、可行性方面为Imernet、移动网络和高性能网络下基于遗传算法的多约束QoS多播路由优化算法（MQMRGA）．仿真结果表明该算法收敛速度快、可靠性高．MQMRGA为QoS多播路由提供了一种新的有效途径．     

Performance evaluation of a mesh-evolving quality-of-service-aware multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

The tremendous amount of multimedia applications running across the wireless communication medium makes quality of service (QoS) a fundamental requirement for mobile ad hoc networks. However, it is not easy to incorporate QoS into these networks. Moreover, the growing number of group-oriented applications also necessitates the efficient utilisation of network resources. The multicast model is a promising technique which can achieve this efficiency by facilitating the inherent broadcast capability of the wireless medium. The mesh-evolving ad hoc QoS multicast (MAQM) routing protocol is developed to address the resource efficiency and QoS problems with one, integrated solution. MAQM achieves multicast efficiency by tracking the availability of resources for each node within its neighbourhood. The QoS status is monitored continuously and announced periodically to the extent of QoS provision. Using these features, MAQM nodes can make their decisions on joining a new multicast session based on the sustainability of their perceived QoS. MAQM also evolves the initial multicast tree into a mesh during the course of an ongoing session to achieve a more robust network topology. Thus, MAQM integrates the concept of QoS-awareness into multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Since ad hoc networks require the protocol control overhead to be as small as possible, we analyse the multicast session establishment process of MAQM to see its impact on the protocol performance in terms of system control overhead. We also evaluate the performance of MAQM through computer simulations using various qualitative and quantitative criteria. The simulation results validate our mathematical analysis of the control overhead and show that MAQM significantly improves multicast efficiency through its QoS-aware admission and routing decisions with an acceptably small overhead. Thus, MAQM shows that QoS is not only essential for, but also applicable to mobile ad hoc networks.