3 种木耳多糖的抗氧化活性与抑菌能力比较分析

目的：研究玉木耳、黑木耳与毛木耳3 种木耳多糖的抗氧化活性与抑菌能力。方法：利用水提醇沉法获得了3 种木耳的多糖,并测定了其多糖含量;采用分光光度法分别测定了3 种木耳多糖的总抗氧化能力,羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基和亚硝酸根离子清除能力;同时进行了大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌实验。结果：相同提取条件下,玉木耳、黑木耳与毛木耳的粗多糖提取率分别为13.87%、11.26%、7.91%,其中3 种木耳多糖质量分数分别为49.22%、41.50%和37.97%;总抗氧化活性检测结果显示毛木耳多糖的总抗氧化能力最高,黑木耳多糖与玉木耳多糖抗氧化能力相当;其中玉木耳多糖对羟自由基清除能力略强于黑木耳多糖,且二者的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力相当,均强于毛木耳多糖;3 种木耳多糖对DPPH自由基的清除作用较明显,其中玉木耳多糖相对较优,可达80%;此外,黑木耳多糖对亚硝酸根离子的清除能力最好,略优于其他两种木耳多糖。对常见细菌的抑制作用而言,3 种木耳多糖均对大肠杆菌有一定的抑制作用,但黑木耳多糖和毛木耳多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用较弱;仅玉木耳多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的抑制作用。结论：3 种木耳多糖具备各自不同的抗氧化活性与抑菌能力,且差异较为明显。     

Structural Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Fucoidans from Five Brown Seaweeds

Five kinds of fucoidans from the brown seaweeds Cladosiphon okamuranus, Sargassum hornery, Kjellmaniella crassifolia (Saccharine sculpera), Nemacystus decipiens, and Fucus vesiculosus, were isolated according to a previously reported procedure with slight modification. The scavenging activities of DPPH radical, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical, as well as the ORAC value were measured for the isolated fucoidans. Fucoidans from S. hornery, F. vesiculosus, and K. crassifolia showed higher antioxidant activity than that from S. hornery and C. okamuranus, except for the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The relationship between the antioxidant activity and the structure was examined for each fucoidan. Fucoidans with high amount of sulfate groups did not necessarily result in increased antioxidant activity, although the sulfate group itself was essential for the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the fucoidan linked to a side chain monosaccharide, such as GlcA, demonstrated similar antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the fucoidans was possibly due to a combination of the factors involved, such as the amount of sulfate groups, the position of the sulfate groups, the kind of side chain sugar, the linkage of a side chain sugar, and the molecular weight.     

柠檬苦素的抗氧化与抑菌效果研究

采用有机溶剂法提取尤力克柠檬果皮和果籽中的柠檬苦素并测定其含量,并对其抗氧化与抑菌活性进行研究。试验结果表明:柠檬籽较柠檬皮含更多苦素类化合物,且籽提取液中所含柠檬苦素的浓度为2.766 4×10-1 mg/m L;柠檬皮提苦素物和柠檬籽提苦素物对DPPH自由基的清除作用不明显,试验条件下的抑制率最高仅为14.58%,远低于同浓度特丁基对苯二酚(tert-Butylhydroquinone,TBHQ);2 mg/m L用量的提取液对猪油贮藏期有一定延缓效果。抑菌活性试验结果表明从柠檬皮和柠檬籽中提取的苦素物质对大肠杆菌、根霉、枯草芽胞杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抑菌作用,两者均对枯草芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果最好,且皮提苦素物和籽提苦素物对枯草芽胞杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)分别均为0.5 mg/m L和0.75 mg/m L。     

菜豆皂苷抗氧化及抑菌活性研究

以菜豆为原料,用乙醇-超声波法提取纯化皂苷。考察菜豆皂苷对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、烷基自由基的清除能力,并与VC进行比较。结果表明：菜豆皂苷和VC对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、烷基自由基均有一定的清除能力,对烷基自由基的清除能力在质量浓度大于2.5mg/mL时,强于VC。此外采用滤纸片法,以抑菌圈直径为指标,对菜豆皂苷的抑菌作用进行研究。结果表明：菜豆皂苷对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、白葡萄球菌有抑制作用,对黑曲霉菌没有抑制作用;其对枯草杆菌及白色葡萄球菌最低抑菌质量浓度为 0.001mg/mL,大肠杆菌为0.0005mg/mL,说明大肠杆菌对菜豆皂苷较敏感。     

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Punica granatum Peel Extracts

ABSTRACT: Pomegranate peels were powdered and extracted with ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol (MeOH), and water for 1 h each at room temperature. Radical-scavenging activity of dried ethyl acetate, acetone, MeOH, and water extracts of pomegranate peels were compared with butylated hydroxyanisole at 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppm by high-performance liquid chromatography method using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. MeOH extract exhibited stronger radical-scavenging effect than others. MeOH extract showed marked reducing power in potassium ferricyanide reduction method. Antibacterial activity of acetone, MeOH, and water extracts was evaluated by pour plate method against a few Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Acetone extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by MeOH and water extract.     

泉州湾3种大型海藻不同提取物的抗氧化活性比较

比较泉州湾3种大型海藻不同提取物的抗氧化活性及其与总酚、总黄酮和总糖含量之间的关系,选取出抗氧化活性高的提取物和海藻。采用羟自由基清除试验、超氧阴离子自由基清除试验及DPPH自由基清除试验考察3种海藻不同提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,3种大型海藻的不同提取物均具有较高的抗氧化活性,且在一定浓度范围内,其清除自由基的能力与浓度成正相关,并与总酚、总黄酮及总糖含量具有相关性。浓度为1 mg/mL时,鼠尾藻水提物的清除羟自由基能力最强,为46 819.97 U/mL;长松藻乙醇提取物的抗超氧阴离子活力最强,为18 571.43 U/L;铁钉菜甲醇提取物的清除DPPH自由基能力最高,为39.28%。同时筛选出铁钉菜及鼠尾藻的3种不同提取物作为天然抗氧化剂进行相关产品的开发。     

黄酮类食用天然色素抗氧活性的研究

利用DPPH法对四种黄酮类食用天然色素的研究发现：它们都具有抗氧活性,有的可与BHT相比美,比紫外光谱和黄酮含量的分析说明了四种色素的抗氧活性与黄酮化合物含量及结构的关系,为进一步拓宽黄酮类食用天我色素的应用,提供科学依据。     

油茶壳总黄酮对食用油脂抗氧化性研究

将油茶壳总黄酮粗提物以0.03％、0.06％、0.2％、0.5％、1％的比例加入到猪油与大豆油中,70 ℃恒温保藏,定期取样用Na2S2O3-Ⅰ2滴定法测定过滤化值(POV),并与BHT、VC的抗氧化效果进行比较,研究油茶壳总黄酮粗提物的抗氧化性作用,结果表明油茶壳总黄酮粗提物对食用油脂具有一定的氧化抑制作用.     

海藻多糖生物活性研究

本文介绍了海藻多糖的结构和提取方法，综述了海藻多糖的多种生物活性，包括抗病毒，抗肿瘤，抗突变，抗氧化，调节免疫活性及其他一些功能，并对海藻的应用前景作了展望。     

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Shallot and Scallion

ABSTRACT: In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial protection of shallot and scallion were examined. Water extract and oil of shallot and scallion significantly delayed lipid oxidation in multilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes and human RBC membranes (p < 0.05). Shallot oil at 5 and 10 mM showed marked antioxidant activity at 75 °C (p < 0.05). Shallot and scallion oils significantly inhibited the growth of 4 food‐borne bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium DT104, E.coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and 4 nosocomial bacteria, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii (p < 0.05). All observed antioxidant and antibacterial activities were dose‐dependent (p < 0.05). These results suggested the use of shallot and scallion oils in food systems could enhance lipid and microbial stability.     

Analytical Methods Applied to the Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Three Wild Edible Mushroom Species from Northeastern Portugal

The chemical composition and the antioxidant potential of three species of wild mushrooms from Northeastern Portugal, namely Agaricus albertii, Agaricus urinascens var. excellens, and Pleurotus eryngii, were compared. Standard procedures were followed in the nutritional value evaluation, while chromatographic procedures were used to analyze free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, and organic acids. To assess the antioxidant potential, reducing power, radical-scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition were evaluated. P. eryngii revealed the highest levels of macronutrients, except proteins, as also the highest sugars, tocopherols, and monounsaturated fatty acids contents. A. albertii and A. urinascens var. excellens showed similar macronutrients composition. However, A. albertii revealed the highest content in PUFA and phenolic compounds. P. eryngii revealed the highest reducing power and radical-scavenging activity and A. albertii the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition. This study provides a detailed chemical characterization and antioxidant potential evaluation of three species of wild mushrooms from Portugal not yet previously reported. Thus, this work intended to contribute to the increase of information concerning species of edible mushrooms (directed to the scientific community and general population) as well as contribute to the conservation of these resources as sources of compounds of interest.     

Macromolecular Antioxidants and Dietary Fiber in Edible Seaweeds

Seaweeds are rich in different bioactive compounds with potential uses in drugs, cosmetics and the food industry. The objective of this study was to analyze macromolecular antioxidants or nonextractable polyphenols, in several edible seaweed species collected in Chile (Gracilaria chilensis, Callophyllis concepcionensis, Macrocystis pyrifera, Scytosyphon lomentaria, Ulva sp. and Enteromorpha compressa), including their 1st HPLC characterization. Macromolecular antioxidants are commonly ignored in studies of bioactive compounds. They are associated with insoluble dietary fiber and exhibit significant biological activity, with specific features that are different from those of both dietary fiber and extractable polyphenols. We also evaluated extractable polyphenols and dietary fiber, given their relationship with macromolecular antioxidants. Our results show that macromolecular antioxidants are a major polyphenol fraction (averaging 42% to total polyphenol content), with hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonols being the main constituents. This fraction also showed remarkable antioxidant capacity, as determined by 2 complementary assays. The dietary fiber content was over 50% of dry weight, with some samples exhibiting the target proportionality between soluble and insoluble dietary fiber for adequate nutrition. Overall, our data show that seaweed could be an important source of commonly ignored macromolecular antioxidants.     

桂花子提取物体外抗氧化和抑菌活性的研究

研究桂花子黄酮和多糖清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力,以及桂花子黄酮对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,为桂花子提取物的保健功能应用提供理论基础。抗氧化活性试验结果表明：在试验范围内,多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基最高清除率分别为55.8%、48.5%、77.9%;黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基最高清除率分别为90.2%、40.3%、93.4%,桂花子黄酮和多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基有较强的清除能力,对羟自由基的清除能力较弱。抑菌试验结果表明,桂花子黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌皆有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.5 mg/mL,低于苯甲酸钠的最低抑菌浓度（0.625 mg/mL）;对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.25 mg/mL;明显低于苯甲酸钠的最低抑菌浓度（1.25 mg/mL）。     

地皮菜提取液的抗氧化性及抑菌作用研究

以蒸馏水、40%乙醇、70%乙醇和无水乙醇为提取剂,运用超声强化方法辅助提取地皮菜中的有效成份。采用清除·OH、O^-2·、DPPH·、ABTS+·能力和还原能力方法考察4种提取液的抗氧化活性。结果表明:地皮菜提取液的自由基清除能力和还原能力均与加入量呈正相关,其清除能力:水提取液>40%乙醇提取液>70%乙醇提取液>无水乙醇提取液。水提液、40%乙醇和70%乙醇提取液的还原能力相当,明显高于无水乙醇提取液。抑菌试验表明地皮菜水提液对金色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用最强,无水乙醇提取液对大肠杆菌抑制作用最好。     

8种食用菌粗黄酮的萃取及其抗氧化活性研究

该研究分别采用模拟消化法和超声波醇提法萃取8种食用菌的粗黄酮,并比较两种方法萃取的粗黄酮含量、还原力和羟自由基清除力。结果显示,模拟消化法萃取8种食用菌粗黄酮含量为1.25 mg/g ～7.85 mg/g,比超声波醇提法高出20.3% ～509.6%。模拟消化法萃取的粗黄酮对自由基清除能力EC90（90%最大效应浓度）比醇提法高出33.64% ～3 216.67%,还原力EC50高出19.87% ～151.76%。由此可见,模拟消化法处理食用菌子实体,可以促进黄酮物质释放,提升抗氧化活性,为食用菌功能活性的开发提供理论依据。     

3种蔬菜的抗氧活性

以马齿苋、苦瓜和仙人掌3种蔬菜为材料,微波提取黄酮化合物,通过芦丁标准曲线法测定提取液中的黄酮化合物含量,利用DPPH法测定提取液的抗氧活性,结果表明:3种蔬菜都含有黄酮化合物分别为:马齿苋19.48%,苦瓜13%,仙人掌5.82%。其抗氧活性分别为:马齿苋73.27%,苦瓜51.47%,仙人掌25.48%。其黄酮化合物含量多少与抗氧活性强弱顺序一致:马齿苋>苦瓜>仙人掌。由此可见3种蔬菜的抗氧活性与黄酮类化合物含量有直接的关系。     

大果沙棘总黄酮体外抗氧化和抑菌作用研究

研究大果沙棘总黄酮的体外抗氧化和抑菌活性。采用DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率检测大果沙棘总黄酮体外抗氧化活性;通过测定抑菌圈直径和最低抑菌浓度检测大果沙棘总黄酮的抑菌作用。100μg/m L的大果沙棘总黄酮对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除率分别为65.1%和92.3%,接近芦丁和儿茶素对照品;抑菌试验结果显示:0.125 mg/m L~1.0 mg/m L的大果沙棘总黄酮对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抑菌效果。     

五种野生青海食用菌提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本文综合分析了草原白蘑菇1号Agaricus bisporus(Lange)Sing.、毛头鬼伞Coprinus comatus(Muell.:Fr.)S.F.Gray.、墨汁鬼伞Copinus atramentarius(Bull.)Fr.、长根菇Collybia radi-cata(Relh.ex Fr.)Quel.和翘林丝盖伞Inocybe calamistrata(Fr.)Gill.五种来自青海的野生食用真菌的抗氧化活性及相关成分。翘林丝盖伞的两种提取物均表现出了最强的DPPH自由基清除能力,其甲醇提取物和乙醇提取物的EC50值分别为0.90±0.06 mg/m L和0.85±0.14 mg/m L;长根菇甲醇提取物(0.45±0.01 mg/m L)和乙醇提取物(0.78±0.01mg/m L)展现出了最强的铁离子螯合能力;翘林丝盖伞甲醇提取物(0.26±0.002 mmol Trolox equivalents/g)和55%乙醇提取物(0.24±0.003mmol Trolox equivalents/g)具有最高的Trolox等价摩尔含量。墨汁鬼伞甲醇提取物中抗氧化活性成分-总酚的含量(19.04±0.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g)显著高于其他四种提取物(P0.05);翘林丝盖伞乙醇提取物的总酚含量(11.41±0.09 mg gallic acid equivalents/g)显著高于其他四种提取物(P0.05)。五种野生食用真菌均具有显著的抗氧化活性,总体上来说,翘林丝盖伞的抗氧化活性更强。     

黄绿蜜环菌硒多糖抗氧化活性及抑菌活性研究

为研究黄绿蜜环菌硒多糖的抗氧化活性及抑菌活性,采用乙醇沉淀法、Sevag法从黄绿蜜环菌富硒培养液中获得硒多糖,体外测定其对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力,并采用滤纸片扩散法测定对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用。经测定,黄绿蜜环菌硒多糖中硒和多糖含量分别为(2.84±0.23)g/kg和(56.27±0.35)%。研究结果表明,硒多糖对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基的清除能力随着其浓度的升高而显著增加(P0.05),但清除率均小于抗坏血酸。高浓度的黄绿蜜环菌硒多糖对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)生长的抑制效果明显高于低浓度(P0.05),但对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)无抑制作用。综上所述,黄绿蜜环菌硒多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性和抑菌效果,其生物活性强弱与浓度有关。