The effect of excess amounts of qualitatively differing fats on liver lipogenesis]

Tests conducted with rats receiving for 30 days isocaloric with control rations containing an elevated amount of animal or vegetable fats (lard, sunflower oil) demonstrated that the influence of the said fat-rich rations on the lipogenesis in the liver presents certain peculiarities that find their expression in a different intensity with which the components of the carbohydrate, fat and interstitial metabolism behave in reactions of the lipids synthesis. Both rations tend to slightly bring down the rate of the endogenous fatty acids formation but contribute to a more intensive synthesis of glycerides and fatty acids cholesterol ethers. The vegetable oils, where are prevalent polysaturated fatty acids, provoke an accelerated utilization of carbohydrates in the synthesis of the glycerin structure of glycerides and phospholipids, as well as of the palimitic acid metabolites and the C-2 fragments in the liver cholesterol synthesis.     

Effect of total fasting on testicular lipid fractions in rats]

Rats weighing 290 g each were fasting for 12 days with no changes occurring in the weight of the testicles, total lipids, phospholipids, di- and triglycerides content therein. The cholesterol ethers level increased by 53 per cent and in the composition of di- and triglycerides and the cholesterol ethers the relative content of high-molecular polyunsaturated fatty acids was going up, while the fatty acids composition of the phospholipids remained the same.     

短期摄食卵黄磷脂与鱼油对高脂小鼠脂质代谢的影响

探究马尾松花粉提取物(MPPE)对前列腺肥大(BPH)小鼠的影响。雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为6组,分别为空白对照组、BPH组、20、40和80 mg/kg?d MPPE组及非那雄胺(0.8 mg/kg?d)组。预先灌胃MPPE两周之后,在腹腔注射丙酸睾酮建模的同时连续灌胃MPPE或非那雄胺四周。实验结束后观察组织形态变化,测定细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、PACP、DHT、NO及NOS的水平。利用UPLC-QTOF-MS技术检测小鼠血清、尿液中代谢物的变化,采用PLS-DA分类,寻找潜在生物标志物。三种剂量的MPPE处理均降低了前列腺指数、炎性细胞因子、DHT浓度及PACP、NOS的活性,并减少了NO的生成。血清代谢组学鉴定了3个潜在生物标记物,分别为1-棕榈酰溶血磷脂酰胆碱、1-O-十六烷基-2-O-乙酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱和(Z)-13-二十二烯酰胺。马尾松花粉提取物可以明显降低BPH病理症状及相关生化指标,调节标志性代谢物的水平。其可能的作用机制与抑制炎症及缓解脂质代谢紊乱相关。     

Phospholipid turnover in the liver mitochondria of rats on a diet with a varying fat and protein ratio

Using the method of pulse introduction of labeled precursors the authors studied metabolism of rat liver mitochondrial phospholipids. The animals received high-protein diets (36% protein) containing 20% (diet II) and 36% (diet III) of fat as compared with the control (I) diet (18% protein and 20% fat). It appeared that the increase of protein in the diet (diet II) led to a reduction in the efficacy of 14C-palmitic acid incorporation into mitochondrial phospholipids, to a fall in the rate of metabolism of mitochondrial phospholipids and to a rise of their half-life within mitochondrial membranes, with the half-life of phospholipids labeled with 14C-palmitic acid in the fatty acid part being increased to a far greater degree as compared with that of phospholipids labeled with 3H-glycerin in the polar part of the molecules. However, in the presence of a high protein quota in the diet the fat/protein ratio agreed with the control level (diet III), whereas the metabolism of mitochondrial phospholipids remained close to the control values.     

The biochemical role and hypocholesterolaemic potential of the legume Cassia fistula in hypercholesterolaemic rats.

The hypocholesterolaemic effect of Cassia fistula was investigated using hypercholesterolaemic male albino rats. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced by feeding on a mixture of cholesterol plus cholic acid for a 12 weeks period. Hypercholesterolaemia was characterized by significant increase in the average levels of total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and significant decrease in phospholipids content. Administration of Cassia fistula significantly reduced blood and liver total lipids. Brain, spleen, kidneys and heart followed nearly the same trend but with moderate effect. Blood, liver, kidneys, spleen and heart total cholesterol was significantly reduced, while that of brain was not affected. The level of triglycerides was markedly improved. There was a moderate rise, however, in phospholipids content in all studied organs. That is to say a marked progress in the correction of lipid metabolism occurred. Also, administration of Cassia fistula induced a significant decrease in the high activities of serum GOT, GPT, alkaline and acid phosphatase and the values nearly returned the initial values. Total serum protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), A/G, free amino acids, uric acid and creatinine were also determined and their values were improved and attained nearly the normal values of the control group.     

黄粉虫油对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平及抗氧化能力的影响

目的：探讨黄粉虫油对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平及抗氧化能力的影响。方法：以高脂饲料喂养雄性ICR小鼠,建立高脂血症模型,以不同剂量(5、10、20mL/(kg·d))的黄粉虫油对小鼠进行灌胃,观察各实验组小鼠血脂水平和肝脏抗氧化能力的变化情况。结果：黄粉虫油能显著降低高脂血症小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度,同时动脉粥样硬化指数(AI) 亦显著降低;黄粉虫油能降低小鼠肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,提高肝脏总抗氧化(T-AOC)能力。结论：黄粉虫油具有调节血脂和增强抗氧化功能的作用。     

EFFECT OF DIETARY MILK CREAM AND EGG YOLK FAT ON SERUM AND LIVER LIPID PROFILE IN RATS

Influence of dietary fat from milk and egg yolk on serum and liver lipid profile was studied in rats. Rats fed milk fat at 5% level for 8 weeks showed a 17% decrease in serum cholesterol and 31% decrease in triacylglycerol compared to the control group of rats fed groundnut oil (GNO). Liver cholesterol was decreased by 20% in the milk fed group. There was no difference in serum cholesterol concentration of rats fed egg yolk compared to the control animals. However, triacylglycerol and phospholipids in serum of rats fed egg yolk were decreased by 20 and 24%, respectively. In another set of experiments animals were rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Addition of milk fat in the diet decreased serum and liver cholesterol by 11 and 17%, respectively, compared to rats fed on a control diet. Similarly, triacylglycerols were decreased by 23 and 8%, respectively, in serum and liver of animals given     

The biochemical role and hypocholesterolaemic potential of the legume Cassia fistula in hypercholesterolaemic rats

The hypocholesterolaemic effect of Cassia fistula was investigated using hypercholesterolaemic male albino rats. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced by feeding on a mixture of cholesterol plus cholic acid for a 12 weeks period. Hypercholesterolaemia was characterized by significant increase in the average levels of total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and significant decrease in phospholipids content. Administration of Cassia fistula significantly reduced blood and liver total lipids. Brain, spleen, kidneys and heart followed nearly the same trend but with moderate effect. Blood, liver, kidneys, spleen and heart total cholesterol was significantly reduced, while that of brain was not affected. The level of triglycerides was markedly improved. There was a moderate rise, however, in phospholipids content in all studied organs. That is to say a marked progress in the correction of lipid metabolism occured. Also, administration of Cassia fistula induced a significant decrease in the high activities of serum GOT, GPT, alkaline and acid phosphatase and the values nearly returned the initial values. Total serum protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), A/G, free amino acids, uric acid and creatinine were also determined and their values were improved and attained nearly the normal values of the control group.     

益生菌发酵豆乳对高脂血症小鼠降血脂及肝损伤缓解的作用

研究干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和双歧杆菌在体外降胆固醇能力及三种益生菌混合发酵豆乳对高脂饮食小鼠血脂及肝损伤的影响。采用邻苯二甲醛法评价益生菌体外降胆固醇能力。采用C57BL/6N小鼠,并将其随机分为7组,即对照组;高脂组;干酪乳杆菌发酵豆乳干预组;植物乳杆菌发酵豆乳干预组;双歧杆菌发酵豆乳干预组;三种益生菌混合发酵豆乳干预组;未发酵豆乳干预组。连续喂养7周后,测定血清和肝脏中相关血脂指标,并观察肝脏组织病理学变化。结果表明:干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和双歧杆菌在体外降胆固醇能力分别为43.14%、46.27%和40.53%。益生菌混合发酵豆乳显著降低小鼠腹部和肾周脂肪指数,血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL),升高高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平,降低肝脏TC、TG、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平,并明显改善肝脏脂肪堆积。     

Modelling of arterial hypertension, biochemical fat and carbohydrate metabolism index in laboratory animals at simultaneous injecting insulin and cholesterol

We studied status of arterial hypertension, biochemical fat and carbohydrate metabolism index in blood in male rabbits as a result of hyperchlesterolemia and hyperinsulinemia. We found that, chronic injection of insulin to rabbits with high serum cholesterol can increase level of arterial blood pressure.     

牦牛酥油及其磷脂对C57BL/6J小鼠脂代谢的影响

将SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组,即对照组、黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组和白酥油磷脂组,用牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂饲喂小鼠。饲喂1个月和5个月后分别测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平和血糖浓度,并进行肝脏和腹腔脂肪病理观察及脂肪组织脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:长期饲喂牦牛酥油会使小鼠体重增加,而饲喂牦牛酥油磷脂小鼠体重增加较少。随着饲喂时间的延长各试验组均可提升小鼠血清HDL-C水平,小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平和血糖浓度由高到低依次为酥油组、磷脂组、对照组。饲喂1个月后各组小鼠肝脏和腹腔脂肪结构正常完整,未见明显组织病变,而饲喂5个月后,与对照组相比,黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组、白酥油磷脂组可见不同程度的炎症细胞浸润和脂质沉积。与饲喂1个月相比,饲喂5个月牦牛酥油磷脂可使小鼠脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸含量升高。与对照组相比,饲喂牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂可极显著提高小鼠脂肪组织中支链脂肪酸含量。     

Effect of amaranth and oat bran on blood serum and liver lipids in rats depending on the kind of dietary fats

The effect of amaranth and oat bran on the lipids of blood and liver in rats depending on the kind of fats in diet was the subject of our study. Sixty male Buffalo rats were fed for 28 days one of six diet containing 15% of fat (lard or sunflower oil), 20% of protein and 0.5% of cholesterol. Amaranth and oat bran added to diet provided 4–4.5% of dietary fiber, water soluble fraction of which amounted to 30%. Amaranth significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol in rats blood serum (by 10.7% in the case of diet with lard and by 14% with sunflower oil) and in liver (by 20% in the case of diet with lard and by 23% with sunflower oil). Similarly oat bran decreased the level of total cholesterol in the blood serum: by 19% in the case of diet with lard and by 22% with sunflower oil; and in liver by 22 and 27%, respectively. Amaranth and oat bran did not influence HDL-cholesterol in the blood of rats. The influence of amaranth and oat bran on the concentration of triglycerides in the blood serum depended on the kind of fats in a diet. The diets containing amaranth or oat bran with lard did not decrease the concentration of this lipids, however, the same diets but with sunflower oil decreased this concentration significantly (by 22%). In liver significant hypotriglyceridemic effect of amaranth and oat bran was observed for both of the diets: based on lard and sunflower. The decrease of triglycerides concentration under the influence of amaranth amounted to 10% (diet with lard) and 15% (diet with sunflower oil). Oat bran decreased the concentration of triglycerides in liver by 15% (diet with lard) and 20% (diet with sunflower oil). Sunflower oil added to the diets augmented the hypolipemic effect of amaranth and oat bran.     

玉米副产物发酵饮料对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用

目的:本实验研究玉米副产物发酵饮料（corn by-product fermented beverage,CPFB）对糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用。方法:采用高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分为正常对照组（NC）,模型对照组（MC）、高剂量组（H-CPFB,0.1 mL/10 g·bw）、中剂量组（M-CPFB,0.05 mL/10 g·bw）、低剂量组（L-CPFB,0.025 mL/10 g·bw）、自由饮用组（F-CPFB）和阳性对照组（PC,150 mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍）。实验期间每7 d测定空腹血糖水平（FBG）、体重。连续28 d灌胃不同剂量的发酵饮料后测定口服糖耐量（OGTT）、血清中总胆固醇（TG）、总甘油三酯（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、游离脂肪酸（NEFA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）及肝脏中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果:玉米副产物发酵饮料能够极显著降低模型小鼠空腹血糖水平（P<0.01）,其中F-CPFB组效果最优,血糖值下降了44.6%;能够减缓糖尿病带来的体重负增长;使口服糖耐量得到缓解（P<0.01）;能够极显著降低血清中脂质水平（P<0.01）,其中H-CPFB组降低TC水平至6.00±1.13 nmol/L,与NC组无明显差异;极显著降低血清中丙二醛含量并极显著提高超氧化物歧化酶活力（P<0.01）;极显著降低肝脏中谷草转氨酶水平（P<0.01）,其中H-CPFB组的效果优于其余组,下降了约21.89%,并缓解糖尿病引起的肝损伤。结论:玉米副产物发酵饮料对高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素建立的糖尿病小鼠模型具有显著降低空腹血糖水平,调节糖脂代谢及缓解肝损伤能力。     

鄂植8号、皮瓜尔油橄榄叶提取物对高血脂小鼠降血脂功效研究

研究探索了皮瓜尔油橄榄叶(Picual olive leaves,POL)和鄂植8号油橄榄叶(E planting No.8 olive leaves,EP8OL)提取物对高血脂症小鼠体重、肝损伤、血脂脂质水平的干预作用。通过高脂饮食建立高脂小鼠模型,以健康小鼠为空白组,模型小鼠分为对照组、橄榄叶提取物低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,灌胃4周,测定各指标。实验结果显示,与对照组相比,油橄榄叶提取物给高脂小鼠灌胃28 d后,小鼠的肝脏损伤减轻,体重、血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均显著下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高。实验表明,POL、EP8OL提取物能有效降低高脂小鼠体重,调节血脂水平,改善脂代谢紊乱,降低肝脏损伤程度。2种油橄榄叶提取物作用效果趋于一致,是潜在降低高血脂的天然活性产物,在保健领域具有重要研究意义和应用开发价值。     

黑果枸杞色素对高脂血症小鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

目的:探讨黑果枸杞色素对实验性小鼠高脂血症的调节作用及脂质过氧化的影响。方法:将ICR雄性小鼠按体重和血脂水平随机分成6组,分别接受正常饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料加辛伐他汀、高脂饲料加黑果枸杞色素(低、中、高剂量分别为100、200、400mg/kg)处理。喂养6w,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和机体总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平等指标。结果:与高脂组小鼠相比,给予黑果枸杞色素可降低小鼠血清总TC和TG、LDL-C的含量,升高血清和肝组织T-AOC、GSH-PX活性,显著降低肝组织MDA含量(p<0.05);但对血清HDL-C和血清、肝组织中SOD活性未见显著影响(p>0.05)。结论:黑果枸杞色素对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平升高和脂质过氧化均有一定抑制作用。     

荞麦粉对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢的影响

本文研究了荞麦粉(buckwheat,BW)对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢的影响。将50只成年Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为基础对照组、高脂模型组、荞麦粉低、中、高剂量组(1、5、10 g/kg·d),每天喂食一次,饲喂30 d后腹主动脉取血,取出肝脏、肾周及睾丸附近脂肪,分别测定血清和肝脏中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平,并观察肝脏病理切片。结果表明,与高脂膳食组相比,荞麦剂量组大鼠体重和食物摄入量都明显减少,肝重和脂肪重及其指数也明显降低,血清和肝脏中TC、TG、LDL-C的浓度降低,HDL-C的浓度升高。肝脏光镜结构表明,荞麦剂量组的肝脏脂肪变性均减轻,其中荞麦粉高剂量作用最为明显。说明荞麦粉干预高脂膳食,可起到降血脂、改善肝脏脂代谢、保护肝脏的作用,同时能够减少相关疾病的发生。     

1-脱氧野尻霉素对肥胖小鼠脂代谢的影响及机理

探究1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxynojirimycin,DNJ）对营养性肥胖的脂代谢调控作用及其途径,旨在为开发 DNJ降糖、降脂减肥产品提供依据。通过饲喂高脂饲料建立肥胖小鼠模型,之后喂食普通饲料40 d,同时实验组灌 胃不同剂量（8.0、4.0、2.0 mg/（kg·d）,以体质量计）DNJ,用酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）法测定小鼠的血脂水平、脂肪细胞因子、脂肪酸合成及氧化过程中相关酶活力。结果显示,与阴 性对照组比较,在8.0 mg/（kg·d）剂量组中DNJ可使雌、雄鼠体质量分别下降9.06%、14.07%,肝脂含量分别下降 4.13%、27.82%,腹腔脂肪系数分别下降9.00%、34.30%,血清总胆固醇含量分别下降11.57%、35.13%,总甘油三 酯含量分别下降46.89%、30.65%,高密度脂蛋白含量分别增加28.86%、7.00%,游离脂肪酸含量分别下降10.60%、 10.20%,内脂素含量分别下降38.44%、26.76%,脂联素含量分别上升29.66%、26.96%,肝脏中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 活力分别下降17.03%、15.52%,脂肪酸合成酶活力分别下降23.53%、21.13%,肉毒碱脂酰转移酶Ⅰ活力分别上升 20.38%、17.20%,酰基辅酶A氧化酶活力分别上升11.00%、16.29%。上述结果表明,肥胖小鼠在控制饮食的同时摄 入适量DNJ可以有效控制脂肪的合成、促进脂肪的氧化分解,达到调控血脂、减少脂肪积累、控制体质量的目的。 DNJ对雌、雄鼠脂代谢调控的作用途径不同,其对雄鼠的降脂效果更显著。     

Metabolic effects of licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on lipid distribution pattern,liver and renal functions of albino rats

The biochemical activity of licorice roots was investigated by administrating it to hypercholesterolaemic rats at two different doses. High cholesterol level in the serum and most organs of hypercholesterolaemic rats was accompanied by high levels of triglycerides and total lipids but low one of phospholipids. The hypocholesterolaemic action of licorice roots was accompanied by hypolipaemic action but higher level of phospholipids in the rat serum and most organs. The results showed that while the high cholesterol level in the rat serum has impairing effects on liver and renal functions, the licorice administered to these rats has a counteracting action i.e. it can improve the impaired function of both liver and kidney, It has also a hypoglycaemic action.     

骆驼乳对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的：探究骆驼乳对高脂高糖高胆固醇饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD)小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法：将50只C57BL6/J雄性小鼠随机分为对照组(NC)、模型组(Mod)、对照骆驼乳组(NCM,3 g·kg^-1 bw)、骆驼乳组(CaM,3 g·kg^-1 bw)和水飞蓟素组(PC,200 mg·kg^-1 bw)。试验12周,建立NAFLD模型,骆驼乳组和水飞蓟素组小鼠在每日固定时间分别灌胃相应剂量的骆驼乳和水飞蓟素。通过测定小鼠体重、空腹血糖、血清生化指标、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素敏感指数、经口葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素耐量,探讨骆驼乳对高脂高糖高胆固醇饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。结果：骆驼乳能显著抑制NAFLD小鼠体重和血糖的升高,并且可以显著降低小鼠血清中总甘油三酯(total triglycerides,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein chole...     

Anthocyanin extracts of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) attenuate serum lipids and cholesterol metabolism in HCD-induced hypercholesterolaemic male mice

This study is aimed to evaluate the hypocholesterolaemic effect of anthocyanin extracts of lingonberry (LAE) in vitro and vivo studies. In vitro, LAE can effectively inhibit the micellisation of cholesterol with significant dose–effect relationship. In animal experiments, after 10-weeks of LAE administration, lower values of body mass, daily food intake, liver weight, visceral adipose content, TC level, LDL-C level, fasting blood glucose level and higher HDL-C level in serum, cholesterol content and total bile acid content in faeces are observed in HCD-induced hypercholesterolaemic mice compared with model group. These observations suggest that LAE could promote the metabolism of serum cholesterol in HCD-induced hypercholesterolaemic mice primarily via faecal excretion of cholesterol. Furthermore, LAE may reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and attenuate steatosis and hepatocellular fat deposit in the liver. Our results indicate that LAE is a potential dietary supplement in cholesterol-lowering or for hypercholesterolaemic treatment. These findings may provide important basis for further optimisation of dietary anthocyanins utilisation.