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对木塑复合材料的组成及生产加工工艺进行了综述,介绍了木塑复合材料改性的种类和进展。通过添加阻燃抑烟剂、改性木质材料和使用防护涂层对木塑复合材料进行阻燃抑烟改性,显著提高了木塑复合材料的阻燃性能;利用化学改性、物理改性和添加辅助试剂的方法实现木塑复合材料的界面改性和增强改性,增强材料间的界面相容性和机械强度,拓宽了木塑复合材料的应用范围;通过添加抗菌试剂、表面抗菌改性、添加填充剂或基质处理的方法,显著增强了木塑复合材料抗菌、耐老化及耐候性能。最后,概括了木塑复合材料在建筑、家具和汽车等领域的应用。 相似文献
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木塑复合材料是当今广泛应用的新型复合材料,本文对木塑复合材料的分类及发展历史、成分及性能、加工工艺、国内外的应用现状与趋势进行了综述,以利深化木塑复合材料的应用与研究。 相似文献
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Antibacterial silver 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The antibacterial activity of silver has long been known and has found a variety of applications because its toxicity to human cells is considerably lower than to bacteria. The most widely documented uses are prophylactic treatment of burns and water disinfection. However, the mechanisms by which silver kills cells are not known. Information on resistance mechanisms is apparently contradictory and even the chemistry of Ag(+) in such systems is poorly understood.Silver binds to many cellular components, with membrane components probably being more important than nucleic acids. It is difficult to know whether strong binding reflects toxicity or detoxification: some sensitive bacterial strains have been reported as accumulating more silver than the corresponding resistant strain, in others the reverse apparently occurs. In several cases resistance has been shown to be plasmid mediated. The plasmids are reported as difficult to transfer, and can also be difficult to maintain, as we too have found. Attempts to find biochemical differences between resistant and sensitive strains have met with limited success: differences are subtle, such as increased cell surface hydrophobicity in a resistant Escherichia coli.Some of the problems are due to defining conditions in which resistance can be observed. Silver(I) has been shown to bind to components of cell culture media, and the presence of chloride is necessary to demonstrate resistance. The form of silver used must also be considered. This is usually water soluble AgNO(3), which readily precipitates as AgCl. The clinically preferred compound is the highly insoluble silver sulfadiazine, which does not cause hypochloraemia in burns. It has been suggested that resistant bacteria are those unable to bind Ag(+) more tightly than does chloride. It may be that certain forms of insoluble silver are taken up by cells, as has been found for nickel. Under our experimental conditions, silver complexed by certain ligands is more cytotoxic than AgNO(3), yet with related ligands is considerably less toxic. There is evidently a subtle interplay of solubility and stability which should reward further investigation. 相似文献
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综述了抗菌塑料抗菌性能的检测方法及其对抗菌材料的评价,并介绍了抗菌塑料制品的应用研究新动向。 相似文献
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多孔载银抗菌剂和灭菌性能评价 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
探讨了以多孔SiO2为载体的含银无机抗菌剂的制备工艺和灭菌性能。采用模板法合成小粒度的多孔SiO2粉为原料,或添加粘接剂烧结的成型体,在减压(0.02-0.04MPa)下用5%的硝酸银溶液浸渍0.5-1.0h,于360℃煅烧还原,制得的无机抗菌剂具有20mg.g-1的载银量。样品的抑菌环宽度和灭菌率测试表明该抗菌剂对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌有良好的抑制生长和灭菌作用,在水中浸泡96h后有99%的灭菌率,重复使用3次后灭菌率可保持在75%。 相似文献