基于穷举搜索法的城市建筑CCHP系统优化配置

冷-热-电三联供系统可实现能量的高效梯级利用,有利于实现“碳达峰、碳中和”。基于穷举搜索法构建了一套包含燃气热电联产系统、燃气锅炉、电制冷机、吸收式制冷机和水-水换热器的楼宇级冷-热-电三联供系统,并以北京3种典型的楼宇建筑为研究对象,研究了冷-热-电三联供系统在不同类型负荷下的容量配置、系统运行参数、经济性和减排情况并进行相应敏感性分析。结果表明：与分产系统相比,商业建筑、办公建筑、居住建筑的成本节约率分别为21.76%、16.72%和9.17%,二氧化碳减排率分别为15.80%、10.42%和4.41%,系统能源价格分别下降39.85%、49.04%和41.29%;研究结果可为冷-热-电三联供系统优化提供参考。     

三种典型的CCHP经济性分析比较

CCHP系统的热电联产设备投资对系统经济性影响很大，通过对应用于特定地区的三种相同功率等级、不同电／热（冷）功率比的CCHP系统进行经济性计算分析，得出选择CCHP热电联产设备的原则。     

负荷结构对冷热电联供系统优化配置的影响

负荷结构是联供系统优化中特有的因素,对联供系统的配置规律有重要影响;这方面的研究有利于我国时这一技术的正确推广.建立了冷热电三联供系统的混合整型非线性集成优化模型.基于某宾馆实测负荷计算了不同负荷比例下的多个算例,利用灵敏度分析考查了热电比、冷电比对各设备最佳容量的影响.研究结果表明:不同负荷结构时设备最佳容量及其变化趋势有明显变化;常见的以电定热或以热定电的方式难以获得燃气轮机的最佳容量;吸收式制冷机最佳容量也受各负荷的影响;锅炉和电制冷机的最佳容量可以分别单独由热电比和冷电比近似确定.研究结果可以对不同气候地区三联供系统的推广提供借鉴.     

分布式能源系统的研究及配置方案分析

介绍分布式能源站冷热电三联供系统以及近期的国家政策,分析已建成的主要分布式能源站的配置概况,并探讨如何根据负荷情况对分布式能源站进行合理配置的主要原则。通过对目前所面临问题的分析,为分布式能源站的设计和研究方向提供了建议。     

天然气基CCHP与热化学溶液蓄能耦合系统研究

针对天然气CCHP(冷热电分布式)系统供能与负载在时间和强度上不匹配及变工况运行效率低下的问题,提出一种基于热化学溶液蓄能技术的新型天然气基CCHP系统。该新型系统核心部件为热化学溶液制冷/蓄冷/释冷装置,具有制冷、蓄冷与释冷三重工况。采用化工动力流程模拟软件(Aspen plus)进行热力性能计算,以热力学第一、第二定律作为评价准则进行分析,结果表明:与参比系统比较,该新型系统总能系统热效率提高了14.3个百分点,达到80.2%;制冷量提升率最高可以达到61.2%;火用效率最高可以达到33.9%,低温烟气余热回收率达到36%。该新型系统结构简单,只需将传统天然气基CCHP系统补充热化学溶液制冷/蓄冷/释冷装置即可实现,具备提高冷供应量、提高总能系统效率和深度利用低温烟气余热等优势,该系统集成方法为其它能量系统集成研究提供思路,具有较好的市场应用前景。     

冷热电三联供系统配置与运行策略的优化

对一个冷热电三联供系统的配置与运行策略进行了分析。该系统由燃气内燃机、吸附制冷机和电热泵组成。根据设备容量、数量、性能和分时段能源价格等，在满足应用场合冷热电负荷需求条件下，运用混合整型（0-1）多级目标规划方法，建立了联供系统的优化模型，得到了系统的最优配置和运行策略。该模型三级目标函数包括运行费用最低、各主要设备配置数量最少和实际运行负荷率最大化。应用该模型对一实例进行的分析取得了较好的经济效果。     

基于改进白鲸算法的太阳能与生物质互补CCHP系统多目标优化研究

为解决可再生能源不稳定及消纳问题,构建了一种涵盖太阳能光伏/光热、电解水制氢及生物质气化甲烷化在内的冷热电联供(CCHP)系统;针对联供系统在高维多目标下的容量匹配问题,提出并验证了一种适用于高维多目标的改进白鲸(MOBWO)算法,其在改善分布性的同时提高了算法的收敛速度。基于此方法开展的案例分析表明：容量配置方案相比分产系统,虽然年总成本提高了19.8%,但是化石燃料消耗量降低了56.8%,CO₂排放量降低了53.1%,灵活性达到51.6%;在该案例模型下,改进白鲸算法较非支配排序遗传(NSGA-2)算法和多目标粒子群(MOPSO)算法有着更好的求解效果。     

天然气分布式能源系统的应用及探讨

详细介绍了天然气分布式能源系统的分类和工程应用的常见模式,分析了该系统的主要特点和适用项目,总结其在实际工程应用中遇到的主要问题,提出相应的解决办法,并指出了发展天然气分布式能源系统是利用天然气的最佳技术路线.     

冷热电联供系统微燃机机组配置和运行优化

基于粒子群优化算法,进行了以微燃机为核心的冷热电联供系统规划和优化设计,以系统经济性、环保性和节能性为目标,优化了微燃机机组的配置,研究了机组配置和运行策略对冷热电联供系统规划设计和性能的影响规律,提出和分析了微燃机机组串联、并联、串并联3种运行模式。结果表明:在串并联运行模式下,冷热电联供系统的性能得到大幅提升,机组的工作区间扩大,系统的启停次数减少;串并联模式更适用于负荷波动大的用户,能高效保障用户的冷热能供给。     

风光气供能系统优化配置及技术经济分析

本文以某居民楼为研究对象,构建风、光、天然气互补的冷热电三联供系统.利用DeST软件模拟用户全年逐时冷、热、电负荷,按照负荷规律将全年划分为供暖期、供冷期和过渡期三个阶段.引入差分进化算法,从能源、经济和环境三个方面对装机容量配置和设备出力配置进行多目标优化.计算优化配置模型的项目收益率及回收期,并进行敏感性分析.研究...     

Energy management strategy and capacity optimization for CCHP system integrated with electric-thermal hybrid energy storage system

In order to improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed in this paper consisting of electric and thermal energy storage systems. And the overall optimization design and operation of CCHP system with HESS are the main problems to be solved in application. Therefore, the topology and the energy flow model of CCHP system with HESS are established and analyzed according to the energy conversion characteristics of the component equipment. Moreover, combined with five evaluative restrictions for HESS system, a rule-based energy management strategy is designed to realize the decoupling regulation of electric energy and thermal energy in CCHP system. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization model is studied by taking the indicators of annual cost ratio, the primary energy consumption ratio, and loss energy ratio, and then the capacity parameters are optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA). Finally, a case is carried out to compare the energy allocation situations and capacity optimization results between CCHP system with HESS and CCHP system with single thermal energy storage system (ST). Results show that the capacity of ICE is reduced by 34%, and the annual cost and the primary energy consumption are saved about 7.69% and 18.47%, respectively, demonstrating that HESS has better optimization effect and applicable for small-scale CCHP system.     

企业冷热电联产系统的多周期优化运行

以蒸汽动力系统为研究对象,建立一个综合考虑设备启停费用、折旧维护费用以及设备模型的合理线性化的混合整数线性模型,利用优化软件LINGO,应用实例得到了冷热电联产系统在不同周期内的最优的计划调度方案,求解出不同周期内的最小运行费用,节省大量运行成本。     

Examination of energy price policies in Iran for optimal configuration of CHP and CCHP systems based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

The current subsidized energy prices in Iran are proposed to be gradually eliminated over the next few years. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of current and future energy price policies on optimal configuration of combined heat and power (CHP) and combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems in Iran, under the conditions of selling and not-selling electricity to utility. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for minimizing the cost function for owning and operating various CHP and CCHP systems in an industrial dairy unit. The results show that with the estimated future unsubsidized utility prices, CHP and CCHP systems operating with reciprocating engine prime mover have total costs of 5.6 and $2.9×10⁶ over useful life of 20 years, respectively, while both systems have the same capital recovery periods of 1.3 years. However, for the same prime mover and with current subsidized prices, CHP and CCHP systems require 4.9 and 5.2 years for capital recovery, respectively. It is concluded that the current energy price policies hinder the promotion of installing CHP and CCHP systems and, the policy of selling electricity to utility as well as eliminating subsidies are prerequisites to successful widespread utilization of such systems.     

Optimization of capacity and operation for CCHP system by genetic algorithm

The technical, economical and environmental performances of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system are closely dependent on its design and operation strategy. This paper analyzes the energy flow of CCHP system and deduces the primary energy consumption following the thermal demand of building. Three criteria, primary energy saving (PES), annual total cost saving (ATCS), and carbon dioxide emission reduction (CDER) are selected to evaluate the performance of CCHP system. Based on the energy flow of CCHP system, the capacity and operation of CCHP system are optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) so as to maximize the technical, economical and environmental benefits achieved by CCHP system in comparison to separation production system. A numerical example of gas CCHP system for a hotel building in Beijing is given to ascertain the effectiveness of the optimal method. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is presented in order to show how the optimal operation strategy would vary due to the changes of electricity price and gas price.     

微燃机冷热电联供系统(CCHP)的建模及仿真研究

本文用matlab中simulink和人工神经网络为工具,分别建立了微燃机和烟气型溴化锂吸收式机组模型,以全年时间环境温度为变化条件,微燃机全工况下得到CCHP系统仿真结果,为以后优化运行打下基础。     

多能耦合的冷热电联供系统策略分析和优化设计

建立了光伏、光热和天然气耦合利用的冷热电联供系统,研究了系统运行策略、燃气轮机控制策略和太阳能利用策略对系统总体性能的影响规律,并综合考虑经济性、节能性、环保性的系统性能评价指标,优化了系统容量配置和运行参数。研究表明:系统在热跟随、燃气轮机变负荷运行、太阳能光伏光热一体化利用条件下总体性能最优;特定用户负荷下,系统存在最优设备容量和电制冷比,在热跟随模式下最优开关系数值比较小,避免了频繁启停。     

Cross-regional integrated energy system scheduling optimization model considering conditional value at risk

Integrated energy system is a very important way to improve energy efficiency. Based on the combined heating cooling and power system, combined with energy storage equipment, a cross-regional integrated energy system scheduling optimization problem is studied. An integrated energy system scheduling optimization model is established that meets the requirements of electrical, heating, and cooling load under a variety of energy sources while both considering the interaction of electrical, heating, and cooling load between regions, and complementation of them within one region. Meanwhile, the value at risk (VaR) theory is introduced and the operating constraints of equipment in the integrated energy system fully considered, the integrated energy system scheduling model with VaR is established. The example shows that the model can realize multi-type electrical, heating, and cooling load optimized by schedule across regions under the premise of satisfying the balance of energy supply and demand, which can reduce the system operation cost. The sensitivity analysis of the minimum expected cost and the influencing factors of conditional VaR is carried out to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.

• An integrated energy system scheduling optimization model is established that meets the requirements of electrical, heating, and cooling load under a variety of energy sources while both considering the interaction of electrical, heating, and cooling load between regions, and complementation of them within one region.
• By using the conditional value at risk theory to consider various types of the integrated energy system complements and evaluates the operational risk of the system under optimal operating conditions of the system.
• The total cost of system scheduling operation is proportional to the storage capacity, which is inversely proportional to the heat storage capacity and inversely proportional to the pipeline capacity within a certain interval.

     

Performance evaluation of a novel CCHP system integrated with MCFC,ISCC and LiBr refrigeration system

This paper proposes a novel combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system integrated with molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), integrated solar gas-steam combined cycle (ISCC), and double-effect absorption lithium bromide refrigeration (DEALBR) system. According to the principle of energy cascade utilization, part of the high-temperature waste gas discharged by MCFC is led to the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for further waste heat utilization, and the other part of the high-temperature waste gas is led to the MCFC cathode to produce CO₃^2?, and solar energy is used to replace part of the heating load of a high-pressure economizer in HRSG. Aspen Plus software is used for modeling, and the effects of key factors on the system performances are analyzed and evaluated by using the exergy analysis method. The results show that the new CCHP system can produce 494.1 MW of electric power, 7557.09 kW of cooling load and 57,956.25 kW of heating load. Both the exergy efficiency and the energy efficiency of the new system are 61.69% and 61.64%, respectively. Comparing the research results of new system with similar systems, it is found that the new CCHP system has better ability to do work, lower CO₂ emission, and can meet the cooling load, heating load and electric power requirements of the user side at the same time.     

An efficient linear programming model and optimization algorithm for trigeneration

Trigeneration is a booming technology for efficient and clean provision of energy. It has potential for reducing pollution emissions dramatically. Similar to combined heat and power (CHP) production, cost-efficient operation of a trigeneration system can be planned using an optimization model based on hourly load forecasts. A long-term planning model decomposes into thousands of hourly models, which can be solved separately. In this paper, we model the hourly trigeneration problem as a linear programming (LP) model with a joint characteristic for three energy components to minimize simultaneously the production and purchase costs of three energy components, as well as CO₂ emissions costs. Then we explore the structure of the problem and propose the specialized Tri-Commodity Simplex (TCS) algorithm that employs this structure efficiently. The speed of TCS is based on extremely fast basis inverse operations and reuse of old basic solutions from previously solved hourly models. We compare the performance of TCS with realistic models against an efficient sparse Simplex code using the product form of inverse. In test runs, TCS is from 36 to 58 times faster when starting from the initial basis and from 43 to 179 times faster when reusing the old basis.