CaCl2-CaF2-CaO熔盐体系的粘度研究

利用钙热还原反应冶炼钛、锆、铈等稀有金属时,熔盐黏度增大往往导致搅拌困难、耗能增大、甚至反应减缓等问题。为探明影响CaCl_2熔盐黏度的因素,采用旋转柱体法测定了在1 073～1 373K不同成分熔盐黏度随温度变化的情况,根据试验结果绘制了CaCl_2、CaCl_2-CaF_2、CaCl_2-CaO和CaCl_2-CaF_2-CaO四种熔盐体系的黏度—温度曲线。结果表明,在测试温度范围内,熔盐黏度大多在2.0～10.0mPa·s,四种熔盐体系的黏度都随温度的降低而增大;同样温度条件下加入CaF_2后使熔盐黏度减小,加入CaO使熔盐黏度增大。     

CaCl_2-CaF_2-CaO熔盐体系的黏度研究

利用钙热还原反应冶炼钛、锆、铈等稀有金属时,熔盐黏度增大往往导致搅拌困难、耗能增大、甚至反应减缓等问题。为探明影响CaCl_2熔盐黏度的因素,采用旋转柱体法测定了在1 073～1 373K不同成分熔盐黏度随温度变化的情况,根据试验结果绘制了CaCl_2、CaCl_2-CaF_2、CaCl_2-CaO和CaCl_2-CaF_2-CaO四种熔盐体系的黏度—温度曲线。结果表明,在测试温度范围内,熔盐黏度大多在2.0～10.0mPa·s,四种熔盐体系的黏度都随温度的降低而增大;同样温度条件下加入CaF_2后使熔盐黏度减小,加入CaO使熔盐黏度增大。     

CaCl_2-CaF_2熔盐的CaO溶解度及吸水性能研究

采用不同真空脱水工艺制备了CaCl_2-CaF_2熔盐,对CaO在熔盐中的溶解度和熔盐吸水性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着熔盐脱水温度的升高、脱水时间的增加,熔盐中H_2O、CaO的含量逐渐降低,且表现出相同的变化趋势;熔盐中CaO的溶解度随着熔盐温度、溶解时间的增加逐渐增加,CaO在不同脱水工艺制备的熔盐中的溶解度有所差异,随着熔盐中H_2O含量的增加,CaO的溶解度逐渐降低;不同脱水工艺制备的熔盐表现出不同的吸水性能,熔盐中H_2O含量越低,吸水性能越强。     

NaCl-KCl-MgCl_2熔盐中的CaF_2溶解行为及其对液镁汇集的影响

采用XRD、气冷阴极等手段对CaF_2在NaCl-KCl-MgCl_2电解质体系中的溶解行为及其对液镁汇集状况进行研究。研究表明,CaF_2在NaCl-KCl-MgCl_2熔盐溶解行为表现为CaF_2与MgCl_2反应生成CaCl_2和MgF_2,且随着CaF_2含量的添加,体系氟离子和钙离子浓度逐渐升高,但氟离子增加量相当较慢;CaF_2对液镁汇集的影响表现为与电解质中的MgO结合生成Mg_2OFCl和Mg_2OF_2,降低MgO对液镁汇集的影响,镁在阴极呈现大颗粒的片状结构;随着CaF_2添加量的增加,NaCl-KCl-MgCl_2熔盐体系表面张力逐渐降低,主要受反应产物CaCl_2生成的影响。     

钨矿强化碱煮搅拌釜的放大设计研究

以钨矿机械活化碱煮搅拌釜试验模型为对象,建立了几何相似放大的搅拌釜模型,并基于Fluent软件对模型进行模拟分析。结果表明,放大的搅拌釜在顶部两端区域易形成流动死区,不利于固液混合。优化该放大模型的搅拌釜结构和搅拌桨安装方式后能避免产生流动死区。改变搅拌釜模型的容积和搅拌桨转速,对比分析优化前后搅拌釜内流体的混合特性和搅拌功率,建立了混合特性评价体系,同等条件下,优化后的搅拌釜能缩短混合时间,提高混合效率。     

熔盐电解制取铅钙合金的研究

用熔盐电解的方法电解CaCl_2—KCl及PbCl_2—CaCl_2—KCl体系,研制Pb—Ca合金,应用数学模型寻求适宜于CaCl_2—KCl熔盐电解的工艺制度。     

含钒页岩搅拌浸出槽结构优化的数值模拟

基于Fluent流体力学软件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型、欧拉-欧拉多相流模型、多重参考系稳态算法,通过改变搅拌槽内搅拌桨层数、桨叶层间距以及下层桨叶距底高度,对搅拌槽内固液两相流动过程进行优化与改进模拟研究。结果表明,增加搅拌桨层数能明显改善液面流速"死区"范围,整个槽内流体混合更加剧烈;桨叶层间距在0.33 D～0.53 D(D为搅拌槽内径)时,流体流型以合并流为主,能够加强固液之间的接触碰撞和两相间充分混合;下层桨叶距底高度为0.13 D～0.23 D时,可以有效缓解固体颗粒在槽底沉积问题,促进固体颗粒有效分散。     

CaCl_2-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2熔盐体系基础性质研究

分析了加入不同质量分数的CaO-SiO_2对CaCl_2-CaF_2空白熔盐的电导率、密度以及初晶温度的影响。结果表明,每添加2%的CaO-SiO_2,熔盐体系的初晶温度平均升高17.5℃、密度相应增加0.015 1g/cm~3、电导率增大0.224 13S/cm,侧面论证了CaO-SiO_2在基础体系中以硅酸盐分子形式存在。     

铁水脱硫偏心搅拌的模拟研究

以铁水罐实际尺寸为基础,按一定比例建立物理模型,对KR法脱硫偏心搅拌进行物理模拟。利用CFD软件,结合VOF多相流模型、标准k-?湍流模型和多重参考系法(MRF)对偏心搅拌铁水脱硫过程进行数值模拟。研究发现,偏心搅拌时漩涡形状呈倒锥形,漩涡深度极大值位于搅拌槽中心位置。搅拌轴距侧壁较近处流体运动强烈,且沿上下两个方向运动;较远处流体运动缓慢,搅拌桨末端流体平均速度约为较远处的2倍。偏心搅拌能改变搅拌器底部流体运动状态,减少“死区”。当搅拌转速由120 r/min增加到200 r/min时,流体平均速度约增加68%,高速流体体积占比略有降低,从60.4%降至57.9%。偏心搅拌易于在工业上实现,转速增加有利于脱硫剂的扩散,但最佳转速应考虑经济性与安全性。     

强制搅拌对Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2熔盐体系中TiO2溶解的影响

采用等温饱和法研究了静置和搅拌状态对TiO2在Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2熔盐体系中的溶解速率及溶解量的影响,分别对空冷和水淬处理的熔盐样品进行X射线衍射分析。结果表明：熔盐温度为960 ℃时,静置状态下,TiO2的溶解量随溶解时间的延长而增加,溶解120 min时的溶解量为2.33%;搅拌条件下,提高了溶解速率,溶解120 min时的溶解量为5.33%;XRD分析表明二氧化钛在熔盐体系中以TiO2相存在。     

桨叶结构对KR脱硫搅拌效果影响的数值模拟

摘要：相较于喷吹法,KR机械搅拌法在铁水脱硫稳定性方面具有显著优势。KR铁水脱硫采用的搅拌桨结构不同,其脱硫效果也不尽相同。基于多重参考系法（MRF）模型,对使用不同搅拌桨的流场进行数值模拟,模拟结果与水模型实验结果较为吻合,最大误差为9.20%。模拟研究了传统四叶桨、螺旋三叶桨,双层四叶桨,双层三叶桨叶对铁水及脱硫剂的搅拌效果。结果表明：使用单层三叶螺旋桨的铁水涡旋高度落差最大。使用双层三叶螺旋桨时的底部区域脱硫剂体积分数为7.89%,与传统桨叶和单层三叶螺旋桨相比,分别增加了175.87%和61.22%。在200t规模的铁水脱硫工业实验表明,与传统四叶桨相比,使用单层三叶桨在深脱硫后铁水中［S］无痕迹率提高10%。     

Study on Absorption Rate by Eccentric Mechanical Stirring in Gas Injection Refining for Iron and Steel Making

In gas injection refining processes, a great amount of gas is injected into molten metal in short time, so that very large bubbles are inevitably formed. Wide dispersion of small bubbles in the bath is indispensable for high refining efficiency. Eccentric mechanical stirring with unidirectional impeller rotation was tested using a water model for pursuing better bubble disintegration and dispersion. Absorption rate are used to research on the influence law of the bubble dispersion and disintegration and gas-liquid absorption by the influence of, rotation mode, rotation speed and gas flow rate. Compared to the experimental results of absorption rate under eccentric stirring and centric stirring ,provide the scientific experimental and theoretical guidance for high-temperature experiment of hot metal desulfurization .According to experimental and theoretical analysis, this paper has studied various factors effecting on gas absorption process and volumetric mass transfer coefficient using the system of CO2-NaOH-H2O.The results show that:the volumetric mass transfer coefficient and absorption efficiency of CO2 can be increased under eccentric stirring mode, Because bubble disperse quickly with eccentric mechanical stirring, which results in promoting complete reaction between CO2 and NaOH, and improving the mass transfer coefficient and absorption. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient and efficiency of CO2 increase with the increasing rotation speed under the condition of eccentric stirring .But volumetric mass transfer coefficient and efficiency of CO2 decrease with the increasing rotation speed under the condition of centric stirring.     

TiO2直接还原法提取金属钛研究进展

介绍了二氧化钛直接还原法提取金属钛的各种工艺,包括:剑桥大学发明的FFC工艺、Ono和Suzuki提出的OS(钙热还原)工艺、Park等将EMR(电子中介反应)和MSE(融盐电解)的概念结合起来用于TiO2的金属热还原以及Okabe等提出的PRP(预制还原)工艺.并在此基础上对比分析了这些新工艺各自的特点,综述了国内有关直接还原法提取金属钛的研究进展,指出二氧化钛直接还原法提取金属钛工艺最有希望取代传统的Kroll法.     

熔盐电解SiO2/TiO2制备硅钛合金的研究

采用熔盐电解法通过直接电解SiO2、TiO2混合物料来制备硅钛合金。热力学计算结果表明,在700℃下,SiO2和TiO2的理论分解电压分别为1.28V和1.37V,生成的单质硅和钛在高温下能够自发进行合金化反应,生成硅钛系列合金,且容易倾向于生成稳定合金相TiSi2合金。研究表明,以摩尔比50∶1的SiO2/TiO2混合物料为原料,在等摩尔比的CaCl2-NaCl混合熔盐中,在700℃、2.4V槽电压下,经过5h电解后,制备得到TiSi2/Si合金,微观形貌为粒径0.2~2.5μm的多孔颗粒堆积,单质硅颗粒覆盖在TiSi2合金颗粒表面。     

Selective Removal of Iron from Low-Grade Ti Ore by Reacting with Calcium Chloride

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Recently, titanium metal production by molten salt electrolysis using CaCl2 as molten salt and TiO2 or rutile (94 to 96 pct TiO2) as feedstock...     

Optimization of Stirring Parameters Using CFD Simulations for HAMCs Synthesis by Stir Casting Process

Hybrid aluminum matrix composites (HAMCs) are capable to meet recent demands of advanced engineering applications due to its tunable mechanical properties and lower cost. Stir casting is one of the prominent and economical method for processing of continuous reinforced HAMCs. In this method, flow pattern is the key factor for distribution of particles in the molten metal. Effective flow pattern can be achieved by optimizing stirring parameters i.e. blade angle, impeller size and stirring speed. However, complete study and optimization of flow is a challenge for research community. Finite element method simulation along with optimization technique is one of the effective combination to guide experimental research. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics has been used to simulate fluid flow during stir casting, whereas optimization of stirring parameters is done by Grey Taguchi method. Optimized parameters have been used for experimental synthesis of HAMCs. Furthermore, optical micrograph and hardness confirms about the uniform dispersion of reinforcements. These results may guide the researchers for the preparation of HAMCs with uniform particle distribution by stir casting route for industrial applications.     

Improvement of Impeller Blade Structure for Gas Injection Refining under Mechanical Stirring简

Abstract： The impeller blade structure for gas injection refining under mechanical stirring has been explored by water model experiments. A sloped swept-back blade impeller is＇proposed for the purpose. The central part of the impeller is disk- or plate-shaped, and the blades are fitted to the side of the disk or plate. In addition, a disk is put on the top side of the impeller blades. The impeller can strengthen the radial and downward flow between the blades and weaken the swirl flow in the zone above the impeller. These effects on flow phenomena are favorable for disintegration and wide dispersion of bubbles which are injected from a nozzle attached to the center of the underside of the impeller. In addition, the sloped swept-back impeller requires less power consumption. The impeller shaft should be placed away from the vessel center so as to disperse the injected bubbles widely in the bath under mechanical stirring even with unidi- rectional impeller rotation and without installing baffles. The number of gas holes in the nozzle and the direction of gas injection have a little effect on the bubble disintegration and dispersion in the bath. Highly efficient gas injection refining can be established under the conditions of proper impeller size, larger nozzle immersion depth, larger eccen- tricity and rotation speed of the impeller. The sloped swept back blade impeller can decrease the power consumption and vet improve the bubble disintegration and wide dist~ersion in the bath.     

Improvement of Impeller Blade Structure for Gas Injection Refining under Mechanical Sirring

The impeller blade structure for gas injection refining under mechanical stirring has been explored by water model experiments.A sloped swept-back blade impeller is proposed for the purpose.The central part of the impeller is disk-or plate-shaped,and the blades are fitted to the side of the disk or plate.In addition,a disk is put on the top side of the impeller blades.The impeller can strengthen the radial and downward flow between the blades and weaken the swirl flow in the zone above the impeller.These effects on flow phenomena are favorable for disintegration and wide dispersion of bubbles which are injected from a nozzle attached to the center of the underside of the impeller.In addition,the sloped swept-back impeller requires less power consumption.The impeller shaft should be placed away from the vessel center so as to disperse the injected bubbles widely in the bath under mechanical stirring even with unidirectional impeller rotation and without installing baffles.The number of gas holes in the nozzle and the direction of gas injection have a little effect on the bubble disintegration and dispersion in the bath.Highly efficient gas injection refining can be established under the conditions of proper impeller size,larger nozzle immersion depth,larger eccentricity and rotation speed of the impeller.The sloped swept-back blade impeller can decrease the power consumption and yet improve the bubble disintegration and wide dispersion in the bath.