嵌入式实时Java虚拟机的垃圾处理机制

在分析Java语言动态内存机制的局限性的基础上,研究了ARTS-OS上ARTS-RTGC实现的关键处理技术,包括其碎片处理,值栈和引用栈的分离以及实时垃圾回收器的优先级的处理。     

Memory leak detection in Plumbr

Platforms with automatic memory management, such as the JVM, are usually considered free of memory leaks. However, memory leaks can happen in such environments, as the garbage collector cannot free objects, which are not used by the application anymore, but are still referenced. Such unused objects can eventually fill up the heap and crash the application. Although this problem has been studied extensively, nevertheless, there are still many rooms for improvement in this area. This paper describes the statistical approach for memory leak detection, as an alternative, along with a commercial tool, Plumbr, which is based on the method. The tool is later analyzed with three case studies of real applications and in the process also analyzes strengths and weaknesses of the statistical approach for memory leak detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Android存储系统中NAND闪存性能的改进

针对Android存储系统在闪存管理上存在较差的磨损均衡效果和较高的垃圾回收额外开销的缺陷,引入冷热数据分离策略,将文件按照不同热度写入对应热度的物理存储单元,同时改进垃圾回收策略,以达到良好的磨损均衡效果并减少垃圾回收额外开销。基于Android平台的实验结果表明,改进后的策略在有效减少NAND闪存垃圾回收额外开销的同时,还能有效改善其磨损均衡效果。     

基于嵌入式Java虚拟机的垃圾回收算法

阐述了一种适用于嵌入式Java虚拟机的垃圾回收算法。该算法对分代回收算法中代的划分方式,引用跟踪等方面进行改进,以降低对运行时间和内存空间的需求,从而使其适用于资源有限的嵌入式环境。试验结果表明,该算法有效提高了垃圾回收效率。     

Java程序内存行为研究

Java程序内存行为研究是对Java平台存储管理系统进行能耗优化的首要工作.测试了大量典型Java应用程序的内存行为数据,通过对数据的分析发现Java程序的内存分配模式和内存使用轨迹存在明显的规律.最终得出了Java程序内存行为具有阶段性、周期性和平稳性等结论,这些规律对于Java虚拟机优化垃圾收集和Java程序的能耗优化有着重要的指导意义.     

Accurate garbage collection in uncooperative environments revisited

Implementing a concurrent programming language such as Java by means of a translator to an existing language is attractive as it provides portability over all platforms supported by the host language and reduces development time—as many low‐level tasks can be delegated to the host compiler. The C and C++ programming languages are popular choices for many language implementations due to the availability of efficient compilers on a wide range of platforms. For garbage‐collected languages, however, they are not a perfect match as no support is provided for accurately discovering pointers to heap‐allocated data on thread stacks. We evaluate several previously published techniques and propose a new mechanism, lazy pointer stacks, for performing accurate garbage collection in such uncooperative environments. We implemented the new technique in the Ovm Java virtual machine with our own Java‐to‐C/C++ compiler using GCC as a back‐end compiler. Our extensive experimental results confirm that lazy pointer stacks outperform existing approaches: we provide a speedup of 4.5% over Henderson's accurate collector with a 17% increase in code size. Accurate collection is essential in the context of real‐time systems, we thus validate our approach with the implementation of a real‐time concurrent garbage collection algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于覆盖的软件测试技术在实时嵌入式软件中的应用研究

基于覆盖软件测试技术在实时嵌入式软件中的应用进行的研究，针对实时嵌入式软件测试的特点，文中提出了一个适用于实时嵌入式系统覆盖测试的软件测试模型。并对该模型实现中的核心技术进行了阐明。最后介绍了以上软件测试技术在实际工程项目的应用情况。     

Memory Management for Real-Time Java: An Efficient Solution using Hardware Support*

This paper addresses the issue of improving the performance of memory management for real-time Java applications, building upon the real-time specification for Java (RTSJ) from the Real-Time Java Expert Group. In a first step, a collecting dynamic memory solution including both a real-time garbage collector and region-based memory management, is proposed. A thorough analysis of the parameters influencing the performance of write barriers in memory management, together with ways of improvement are then presented. Finally, the implementation of a memory management solution compliant with the RTSJ and integrating the proposed improvements is sketched.     

Distributed real-time embedded systems: Recent advances, future trends and their impact on manufacturing plant control

Real-time and embedded systems have historically been small scale. However, advances in microelectronics and software now allow embedded systems to be composed of a large set of processing elements, and the trend is towards significant enhanced functionality, complexity, and scalability, since those systems are increasingly being connected by wired and wireless networks to create large-scale distributed real-time embedded systems (DRES). Such embedded computing and information technologies have become at the same time an enabler for future manufacturing enterprises as well as a transformer of organizations and markets. This paper discusses opportunities for using recent advances in the DRES area in the deployment of intelligent, adaptive, and reconfigurable manufacturing plant control architectures.     

基于大容量闪存的嵌入式文件系统

采用以页为单位的文件节点存储形式和综合考虑数据时间局部性与均衡磨损要求的收益成本垃圾回收算法,设计了一种新的文件系统。分析和实验表明,相对于JFFS2,该文件系统在降低内存消耗和闪存磨损倾斜度的同时,提高了垃圾回收效率和系统性能。     

JFFS2文件系统闪存管理策略研究与改造

本文通过分析JFFS2闪存日志文件系统闪存管理过程,发现了其现有垃圾回收算法的某些不足,讨论并提出了一种解决这些不足的方法,最后给出了改进的实现过程。     

运行时存储管理探讨

为了在软件工程实践中有效利用运行时存储的空间,对动态堆内存管理的两种技术显式堆管理和自动堆管理分别进行了深入的讨论,分析了这两种技术各自的优点和缺陷,并根据笔者的实践经验,提出了一些解决缺陷的方法。     

嵌入式系统中Java虚拟机的研究与移植

研究了Java平台的核心——虚拟机（JVM）,主要分析了开放源码的Java虚拟机Kaffe的结构、运行机制,并针对特定的嵌入式应用,研究了将Kaffe移植到给定的处理器和操作系统之上的关键技术,给出了相应的移植方案,对Java虚拟机在嵌入式系统中的应用具有较大的指导意义。     

基于垃圾回收的三维引擎内存管理系统

本文面向三维引擎的上层内存管理,提出了一种基于垃圾回收算法的管理系统,辅助三维引擎使用者回收循环引用的内存.该系统基于由库的形式提供,并且不需要用户修改现有代码.用户只需要使用系统提供的接口创建对象,系统就能够在必要时自动回收内存.测试表明,本系统在可接受的开销下实现了循环引用内存的回收.     

廉价的嵌入式实时操作系统的研究

本文分析了Linux的特点、提出了对Linux适当剪裁,实现廉价的嵌入式实时操作系统的方法及要注意的问题。     

A development methodology for embedded systems based on RT-DEVS

This work is concerned with modelling, analysis and implementation of embedded control systems using RT-DEVS, i.e. a specialization of classic discrete event system specification (DEVS) for real-time. RT-DEVS favours model continuity, i.e. the possibility of using the same model for property analysis (by simulation or model checking) and for real time execution. Special case tools are reported in the literature for RT-DEVS model analysis and design. In this work, temporal analysis of a model exploits a translation in Uppaal timed automata for exhaustive verification. For large models a simulator was realized in Java which directly stems from RT-DEVS operational semantics. The same concerns are at the basis of a real-time executive. The paper describes the proposed RT-DEVS development methodology and clarifies its implementation status. The approach is demonstrated by applying it to an embedded system example which is analyzed through model checking and implemented in Java. Finally, research directions which deserve further work are indicated.     

一种持久性内存文件系统数据页的混合管理机制

英特尔于2019年4月正式发布基于3D-Xpoint技术的傲腾持久性内存(Optane DC persistent memory),这为构建高效的持久性内存存储系统提供了新的机遇.然而,现有的存储系统软件并不能很好地利用其字节寻址特性,持久性内存性能很难充分发挥.提出一种文件系统数据页的混合管理机制HDPM,通过选择性使用写时复制机制和日志结构管理文件数据,充分发挥持久性内存字节可寻址特性,从而避免了传统单一模式在非对齐写或者小写造成的写放大问题.为避免影响读性能,HDPM引入逆向扫描机制,实现日志结构重构数据页时不引入额外数据拷贝.HDPM还提出一种多重垃圾回收机制进行日志清理.当单个日志结构过大时,通过读写流程主动回收日志结构;当持久性内存空间受限时,则通过后台线程使用免锁机制异步释放日志空间.实验显示,HDPM相比于NOVA文件系统,单线程写延迟降低达58%,且读延迟不受影响;Filebench多线程测试显示,HDPM相比于NOVA提升吞吐率33%.     

Object resizing and reclamation through the use of hardware bit-maps

The memory intensive nature of object-oriented languages such as C++ and Java has created the need of a high-performance dynamic memory management. Object-oriented applications often generate higher memory intensity in the heap region. Thus, high-performance memory manager is needed to cope with such applications. As today's VLSI technology advances, it becomes more and more attractive to map software algorithms such as malloc(), free(), realloc(), and garbage collection into hardware.

This paper presents hardware designs of realloc function and sweeping function (for mark and sweep garbage collection) that fully utilize the advantages of combinational logic. In our scheme, the reallocation on the original block can be done in constant time. If the reallocation on the original block is not possible, the previously proposed malloc() and free() can be used to move the contents to a new location. For the sweeping function, the bit-sweeper can detect and sweep the garbage in constant time. Since the sweeping phase often consumes more time than the marking phase, the garbage collection time can be substantially improved. The hardware complexity of proposed scheme (i.e. X-Unit, RS-unit, ESG-unit, and bit-sweeper) is O(n), where n represents the size of bit-map.     

一个分布式嵌入系统的系统级模型

在分析CDM的基础上提出了一个适合干对分布式嵌入式系统进行分布式模拟的软硬件协同设计模型。该模型可描述分布式嵌入系统的实时性、同步，也可对其进行参数化修正。