C-V活动轮廓模型的一个注记

Chan-Vese提出的“无边活动轮廓”模型（C-V模型）是一个著名的基于区域的图像分割模型,它是基于Mumford-Shah泛函和二值PC函数（目标区域取一个值,背景区域取另一个值）解决图像分割问题的。在C-V模型中,定义能量泛函的面积项的系数被要求为非负值,这个要求限制了模型适用的范围。实验研究表明：面积项系数取负值时,C-V模型能够分割某些原来不适用的图像。     

基于梯度的混合Mumford-Shah模型医学图像分割

针对C-V法的水平集图像分割法缺少局部控制能力等问题,将基于边缘的几何主动轮廓线模型和基于区域的C-V法两者结合起来,提出了基于梯度的混合Mumford-Shah图像分割模型HMSG。给出了HMSG模型的参数设置准则,在分割的初期加大模型中全局特征项的权值,在分割的后期则加大局部特征项的权值,以提高模型的图像分割能力。对合成图像与医学图像的分割实验结果表明,该方法优于C-V方法对于含有噪声和边缘模糊的非二值图像的分割,能够较为准确地提取图像边界,可以有效提高图像分割整体性能。     

图像分割的Gap统计模型

基于Hastie T.和Tibshirani R.等提出的"Gap statist"的思想,通过分析样本灰度数据分布的差别,提出了函数特征、间隙、总间隙及全间隙等概念,建立了图像分割的Gap统计模型,并给出了较为详细的算法。分析了图像分割Gap统计模型中正则部分和奇异部分的特点,导出了区域特征自相似函数的分割结果与模型调节参数的关系。比较了用于图像分割的Gap统计模型与 Mumford-Shah模型,结果表明图像分割Gap统计模型的复杂度明显低于Mumford-Shah模型。     

一种基于分层Mumford-Shah模型的颅脑图像分割方法

在介绍简化Mumford-Shah模型和水平集（LevelSet）方法的基础上,针对颅脑多目标分割问题,提出了一种基于分层Mumford-Shah模型的图像分割方法,并运用改进图像分割方程进行计算求解,对颅脑MR图像的分割实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于知识的多层Mumford-Shah向量值图像分割模型

针对多层Mumford-Shah模型不能正确分割对比度小且部分被遮挡的复杂医学图像问题, 将目标形状先验知识窄带水平集统计形状模型集成到多层Mumford-Shah模型, 提出了基于目标形状先验知识的多层Mumford-Shah向量值图像分割模型和求解该图像分割模型泛函最小值的水平集逐层迭代算法. 实验结果表明, 该方法能够有效分割对比度小且部分被血管遮挡的早期青光眼病人视乳头图像.     

结合活动轮廓模型的无监督纹理图像分割

定义了清晰度参数、细节信号能量参数和边缘信号能量参数3个纹理参数,对图像的纹理特征进行分析,以获取原图像的特征能量图;再利用基于简化Mumford-Shah的活动轮廓模型对图像进行纹理分割,该分割模型能较好地处理模糊、缺省的边界,同时具有去噪的功能．利用水平集方法求解该模型,解决了演化曲线拓扑可变的问题．与传统的纹理分析方法相比,文中方法能更好地表达图像中复杂纹理的信号特征．通过对合成纹理图与自然纹理图进行分割及大量实验结果表明：该方法能有效、快速地分割纹理图像．     

基于区域划分的曲线演化多目标分割

该文在小波变换的多分辨率框架下建立了一种基于曲线演化的多目标分割算法，并且目标分割由两步实现：(1)区域划分，将图像域分为多个子区域；(2)在各子区域中，采用基于简化的Mumford-Shah模型的曲线演化方法进行分割，从而实现了多个(不局限于一个)不同平均灰度目标的分割．由于算法建立在区域划分和CV方法的基础上，因而对受噪声影响大、边缘模糊的多个不同质区域仍能得到正确的分割．同时算法从多方面提高了曲线演化速度．     

基于Mumford-Shah模型和开样条曲线的边界检测

受Cremers方法启发, 本文提出了一种新的开边界自动检测算法, 如图像中海岸线和天际线的检测. 这一算法的设计主要是基于样条函数、曲线演化理论和Mumford-Shah图像分割泛函模型. 由于所要检测的目标为图像区域中开曲线, 在一般Mumford-Shah模型中引入了两个约束条件. 这就将开边界的检测问题转化为一般的曲线最小分割问题. 通过样条曲线控制点所满足的微分方程和约束条件, 曲线将演化至所要求的边界. 如果图像中有一条开曲线将图像分为两个明显不同质区域, 这一算法将能有效地自动检测出该边界曲线, 且不需要边界的梯度信息. 即使在图像中有大量噪声情况下, 该算法同样有效. 此外, 通过两条曲线演化方程, 该算法可推广到图像中带状区域的(如河流、道路等)自动检测.     

基于局部区域信息的水平集医学图像分割方法

针对医学图像中存在的亮度分布不均匀（intensity inhomogeneity）的特点,对Chan-Vese提出的基于Mumford-Shah模型的水平集分割图像的算法进行了改进。局部区域信息是对亮度分布不均匀图像进行准确分割的关键,但是传统的基于区域信息的C-V模型没有利用到这种局部区域的图像信息,因此无法正确分割强度分布不均匀图像。利用局部区域信息构造能量函数,提出了一种基于局部区域信息的改进C-V模型。该模型无需大量计算,水平集函数可快速收敛。MR图像、血管造影图像和X线骨折图像的实验结果证明了该方法的高效性。     

一种新的灰度非均匀图像分割模型

基于局部区域的主动轮廓分割模型在针对灰度非均匀图像进行分割时,容易受到初始轮廓曲线位置的影响,且基于水平集模型的数值实现速度较慢。为此,提出一种新的图像分割模型。该模型采用局部符号差能量项作为曲线演化的驱动力,为减少模型对初始轮廓曲线位置的依赖,采用全局凸分割策略,得到一个离散化的凸分割模型,该模型包含Mumford-Shah分割模型中的二次光滑项,使分割后的区域更加平滑,使用split Bregman迭代算法进行数值实现。实验结果表明,与局部二值拟合模型、局部符号差能量模型相比,该模型能对灰度非均匀图像进行较准确的分割,具有较快的运算速度和较好的鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.