高胆固醇血症小鼠相关基因消减文库的建立

目的构建高胆固醇血症小鼠cDNA消减文库。方法以高胆固醇血症小鼠肝组织的cDNA为Tester,以正常小鼠肝组织的cDNA为Driver,应用抑制消减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization),构建正向消减文库,反之构建反向消减文库。结果成功构建高胆固醇血症cDNA正、反向消减文库,利用菌落PCR技术鉴定文库的阳性克隆。结论用SSH技术成功构建了高胆固醇血症小鼠差异表达基因消减cDNA文库,该消减cDNA文库的建立为进一步筛选、克隆高胆固醇血症小鼠差异表达的基因奠定了基础。     

旋毛虫感染诱导的小鼠乳腺癌MCF-7细胞基因表达的变化

目的构建旋毛虫感染诱导的小鼠乳腺癌MCF-7细胞基因表达变化的cDNA消减文库,探讨旋毛虫感染诱导的MCF-7细胞基因表达的变化。方法复制MCF-7细胞小鼠模型,设对照组和旋毛虫感染组(实验组),采用抑制性消减杂交技术构建旋毛虫感染诱导的MCF-7细胞上调基因表达消减文库,并利用反向Northernblot技术对所获得基因的特异性表达进行验证。结果成功构建了旋毛虫感染诱导的MCF-7细胞上调基因表达消减文库,克隆的目的基因片段大小分布在200～500bp之间,20个阳性克隆的测序结果经BLAST比对,获得差异表达的已知功能基因8个和未知功能基因4个,这些基因在小鼠乳腺癌细胞中均有表达,而在肌肉组织中无表达。结论旋毛虫感染诱导的MCF-7细胞差异表达基因上调,其中RB基因可能与乳腺癌细胞的生长抑制密切相关,为在基因水平研究旋毛虫抗肿瘤机理奠定了基础。     

Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution in Different Chinese Cabbage Genotypes under Low Nitrogen Stress

In order to understand the effects of low nitrogen (LN) stress on the growth and development in different genotypes of Chinese cabbage, the L40 genotype with high nitrogen utilization and the L14 genotype with LN utilization were selected as experimental materials. Field experiments and indoor hydroponic methods were used to study the different responses of two Chinese cabbage genotypes to low nitrogen levels. In this study, we also analyzed the genome-wide gene expression profiles of L40 and L14 in response to LN stress by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. The results reveal that the L40 root system responds better to LN compared with L14. After LN stress, L40 can effectively absorb and transport NO3− and store it in the ground. It is precisely because of this characteristic of the L40 genotype that LN treatment did not have a significant effect on the chlorophyll (Chl) content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the L40 Chinese cabbage compared with the L14 Chinese cabbage. These two different Chinese cabbage genotypes were shown to have differently expressed genes related to nitrate transport, auxin synthesis, and glutamate dehydrogenase synthesis. These genes function in the nitrogen pathway, which are important candidates for understanding the molecular host-response mechanisms to LN stress.     

胆盐水解酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的在毕赤酵母中表达胆盐水解酶(Bile salt hydrolase,BSH)基因。方法以重组质粒pMD18-BSH为模板,PCR扩增BSH基因,克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZαA上,经AvrⅡ线性化,电转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168,PCR筛选阳性重组子,诱导表达,表达产物经Western blot进行分析。结果重组表达质粒pGAPZαA-BSH经双酶切及测序证明构建正确;经PCR鉴定阳性的重组酵母菌的诱导表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,可见相对分子质量约35000的目的蛋白表达条带;表达的重组蛋白可与兔抗植物乳杆菌多克隆抗体发生特异性反应。结论在毕赤酵母中成功表达了BSH,为BSH结构与相关功能及高效降解胆固醇的基因工程菌株的研究奠定了基础。     

Physiological,Agronomical, and Proteomic Studies Reveal Crucial Players in Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Low Nitrogen Supply

Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers to enhance rice productivity has become a significant source of nitrogen (N) pollution and reduced sustainable agriculture. However, little information about the physiology of different growth stages, agronomic traits, and associated genetic bases of N use efficiency (NUE) are available at low-N supply. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were grown with optimum N (120 kg ha⁻¹) and low N (60 kg ha⁻¹) supply. Six growth stages were analyzed to measure the growth and physiological traits, as well as the differential proteomic profiles, of the rice cultivars. Cultivar Panvel outclassed Nagina 22 at low-N supply and exhibited improved growth and physiology at most of the growth stages and agronomic efficiency due to higher N uptake and utilization at low-N supply. On average, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, plant biomass, leaf N content, and grain yield were decreased in cultivar Nagina 22 than Panvel was 8%, 11%, 21%, 19%, and 22%, respectively, under low-N supply. Furthermore, proteome analyses revealed that many proteins were upregulated and downregulated at the different growth stages under low-N supply. These proteins are associated with N and carbon metabolism and other physiological processes. This supports the genotypic differences in photosynthesis, N assimilation, energy stabilization, and rice-protein yield. Our study suggests that enhancing NUE at low-N supply demands distinct modifications in N metabolism and physiological assimilation. The NUE may be regulated by key identified differentially expressed proteins. These proteins might be the targets for improving crop NUE at low-N supply.     

人溶菌酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及发酵条件的优化

目的在毕赤酵母中表达人溶菌酶(Human lysozyme,hLY)基因,并对发酵条件进行优化。方法将人工合成的hLY成熟肽基因克隆至表达载体pPIC9K中,电转化至毕赤酵母GS115,通过抗G418筛选获得高拷贝重组子GS115/hly,经甲醇低温诱导表达后,取发酵液上清进行SDS-PAGE分析及酶活性检测,并对培养基初始pH值、甲醇添加量、诱导温度和时间进行优化。结果人工合成的hly测序结果与GenBank中报道的核酸序列完全一致;GS115/hly经PCR鉴定,hly基因已整合入GS115基因组内;经甲醇诱导表达的GS115/hly发酵液上清具有溶菌活性,活性达30U/ml;经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约15200处可见目的蛋白条带;GS115/hly的最佳诱导条件为:培养基初始pH5.0,甲醇添加量2.0%,26℃诱导108h。结论在毕赤酵母GS115中表达了具有较高酶活性的hLY,并对发酵条件进行了初步优化。     

人内皮抑素基因的定点突变及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的对人内皮抑素(hES)基因进行定点突变,提高其在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达量。方法根据Internet网站提供的关于hES的结构信息及其结构与功能方面的研究文献,设计突变位点;利用生物信息学的相关网站,对hES突变体进行结构预测,验证突变位点设计的合理性;采用重叠延伸PCR方法进行hES基因的定点突变,并将突变基因和未突变基因分别亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-3,在大肠杆菌中进行融合表达,比较突变前后目的蛋白的可溶性表达量。结果三级结构预测结果表明突变位点设计合理,序列分析结果表明实现了hES基因的定点突变。突变基因的表达产物中,可溶性部分约占总表达量的40%,而未突变基因的表达产物几乎全部为包涵体。结论已成功对hES基因进行了定点突变,突变后的hES可溶性表达量得到了提高。     

弓形虫亲环蛋白基因的克隆及原核表达

目的克隆并原核表达刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)亲环蛋白(Cyclophilin,CyP)基因。方法收集、纯化Rh株弓形虫速殖子,提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR技术扩增TgCyP基因,插入原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-TgCyP,转化E.coliBL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果测序结果与GenBank中登录的基因序列同源性为100%,重组表达质粒pET-28a-TgCyP经PCR及双酶切鉴定证明构建正确。SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组蛋白的相对分子质量约为26000,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的40%,Western blot显示其能被鼠抗弓形虫免疫血清识别。结论已在E.coliBL21(DE3)中表达了Rh株TgCyP,其有望作为弓形虫疫苗的候选抗原。     

小鼠鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶1功能基因的克隆及原核表达

目的克隆小鼠鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶1(OAZ1)功能基因,原核表达并纯化OAZ1重组蛋白。方法采用RT-PCR法从小鼠黑色素瘤细胞总RNA中扩增OAZ1基因,通过重叠延伸PCR技术构建无需移码即可全长翻译的功能基因,并构建重组表达质粒pET15b/OAZ1-T,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达。表达的重组蛋白经Ni2+-NTA亲和层析纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果重叠PCR法扩增出692bp的OAZ1功能基因,重组表达质粒经酶切及测序鉴定正确,重组蛋白可在大肠杆菌中以包涵体形式高效表达。纯化的重组蛋白纯度可达79.96%,且可与抗His标签抗体特异性结合。结论已成功克隆了小鼠OAZ1功能基因,原核表达并纯化了重组OAZ1蛋白。     

组成型天冬氨酸转氨酶基因工程菌的构建与高效表达

天冬氨酸转氨酶AspAT是苯丙酮酸转氨制备L-苯丙氨酸的关键酶. 本研究将大肠杆菌中天冬氨酸转氨酶基因aspC克隆到3种不同质粒中,构建组成型表达质粒pUC/P-aspC, pSE/P-aspC, pET/P-aspC,并分别转化至6种常用的大肠杆菌宿主中. 通过对18种重组子的生长及产酶情况的分析,比较了各种重组子生长压力、质粒稳定性与表达酶活的关系,并经SDS-PAGE电泳分析AspAT的表达量,筛选出高产AspAT的重组子BL21(pET/P-aspC),以该工程菌发酵液直接作为酶液,以天冬氨酸和苯丙酮酸(20 g/L)为底物,发酵液与底物以1:3的体积比转化生成L-苯丙氨酸16.2 g/L,转化率高达80.1%. 该体系表达无需诱导,转化无需添加辅酶PLP,展现了良好的产业化前景.     

二氢吡啶二羧酸合成酶基因在棒杆菌中的克隆与表达

在棒杆菌中影响赖氨酸生物合成的关键酶之一是二氢吡啶二羧酸合成酶(DHDPS),通过PCR扩增二氢吡啶二羧酸合成酶基因(dapA),将该基因连接于穿梭表达载体pLCX36的P32启动子下,得到重组质粒pLCXdapA,pLCXdapA以接合转移的方法转移到高丝氨酸营养缺陷型菌株谷氨酸棒杆菌A18中,获得dapA增强了的基因工程菌株。经摇瓶培养测定,编号为A18-21的结合子赖氨酸产量最高,达8.94mg/mL,是出发菌株的1.4倍。     

电极-SBR法处理城市污水脱氮除磷的研究

本论文研究的目的在于研究电场与生物协同作用下,SBR法去除污水中氮磷的效果。实验结果表明,电极-SBR法比传统的SBR法在脱氮除磷方面,都有比较明显的提高。实验还揭示：由于电场的作用,造成了电极表层的氧气浓度降低,抑制了硝化/亚硝化菌的生长,并在电解的过程中为反硝化提供H＋作为电子受体,促进了反硝化反应。而阴极板上产生的氢气形成了缺氧环境,反硝化菌可能在缺氧的条件下利用氢作为载体对硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮进行彻底的氧化还原成氮气。     

猪血清白蛋白基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的克隆猪血清白蛋白(PSA)基因,并在毕赤酵母中分泌表达。方法Trizol法提取新鲜猪肝组织总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增PSA全长cDNA,克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZaC,构建重组表达质粒pPICZaC-PSA,电转化至毕赤酵母X33,甲醇诱导表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果重组表达质粒pPICZaC-PSA经双酶切及测序鉴定正确,表达的重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约69500处可见特异条带,表达量为菌体总蛋白的29.5%,紫外吸收法测定蛋白含量为0.06mg/ml,并可与PSA多抗发生特异性反应。结论已成功克隆了PSA基因,并在毕赤酵母中获得表达。     

人CD147基因siRNA真核表达质粒的构建及其对HeLa细胞中CD147基因表达的影响

目的构建针对人CD147基因的siRNA真核表达质粒,并观察其对HeLa细胞中CD147基因表达的影响。方法根据GenBank中登录的人CD147基因序列,设计并合成针对CD147基因的特异性小干扰片段,并将其定向克隆至带有卡那霉素抗性和增强型绿色荧光蛋白的真核表达载体pGenesil-1中,对重组质粒进行酶切分析和DNA序列测定。用脂质体将重组质粒转染至HeLa细胞中,观察其对HeLa细胞CD147基因mRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。结果酶切鉴定和测序结果表明,3个表达短发夹RNA的质粒及其阴性对照质粒构建正确。3个siRNA真核表达质粒对HeLa细胞CD147基因mRNA转录水平的抑制率分别为32.5%、66.8%和59.1%;对CD147蛋白表达水平的抑制率分别为28.3%、63.5%和56.2%。结论已成功构建针对人CD147基因的siRNA真核表达质粒,其对HeLa细胞CD147基因的表达具有明显的抑制作用,为进一步研究CD147基因的功能奠定了基础。     

原发性开角型青光眼致病基因MYOC真核表达质粒的构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的构建原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)致病基因MYOC的真核表达质粒,并在COS-7细胞中表达MYOC蛋白。方法用RT-PCR法扩增人眼组织(角膜缘)MYOC基因cDNA,纯化回收后,克隆入pGEM-T载体,再亚克隆入真核表达质粒pEGFP-N3,构建重组表达质粒pEGFP-N3-MYOC,转染COS-7细胞,用荧光显微镜观察MYOC蛋白在COS-7细胞中的表达,Western blot分析MYOC蛋白分泌特点。结果经酶切和DNA测序鉴定,证实重组表达质粒pEGFP-N3-MYOC构建正确,荧光显微镜观察MYOC蛋白能在COS-7细胞中表达,并且定位在细胞质中,而绿色荧光蛋白分布在整个细胞内。Western blot结果显示,MYOC蛋白能分泌到细胞外。结论已成功构建MYOC基因真核表达质粒,并能在COS-7细胞中表达MYOC蛋白,为进一步研究POAG发病机制奠定了基础。     

Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family in Solanum tuberosum

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is one of the most widely studied enzymes in the plant kingdom. It is a crucial pathway from primary metabolism to significant secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants, and plays an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress defense. Although PAL has been studied in many actual plants, only one report has been reported on potato, one of the five primary staple foods in the world. In this study, 14 StPAL genes were identified in potato for the first time using a genome-wide bioinformatics analysis, and the expression patterns of these genes were further investigated using qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expressions of StPAL1, StPAL6, StPAL8, StPAL12, and StPAL13 were significantly up-regulated under drought and high temperature stress, indicating that they may be involved in the stress defense of potato against high temperature and drought. The expressions of StPAL1, StPAL2, and StPAL6 were significantly up-regulated after MeJa hormone treatment, indicating that these genes are involved in potato chemical defense mechanisms. These three stresses significantly inhibited the expression of StPAL7, StPAL10, and StPAL11, again proving that PAL is a multifunctional gene family, which may give plants resistance to multiple and different stresses. In the future, people may improve critical agronomic traits of crops by introducing other PAL genes. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the versatility of the PAL gene family and provide a valuable reference for further genetic improvement of the potato.     

The Influence of PSCA Gene Variation on Its Expression and Gastric Adenocarcinoma Susceptibility in the Northwest Chinese Population

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) imposes a considerable health burden around the world. Gene variation in prostate stem cell antigen gene (PSCA) has been identified to be associated with GAC risk, while the results showed regional variation. To explore the influence of PSCA gene variation on its expression and GAC risk in the Northwest Chinese population, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PSCA were genotyped in 476 GAC cases and 481 controls using MassARRAY system. Two SNPs of rs2294008 (C>T) and rs2976392 (G>A) were identified to be associated with GAC risk. rs2294008, rs2976392 and rs10216533 made up two statistically significant haplotypes (Hap-CGG and Hap-TAG). Additionally, PSCA expression was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR, immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. The results showed that PSCA expression was decreased in GAC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. For normal tissues, PSCA expression was higher with Hap-TA than that with Hap-CG. For GAC tissues, the differentiation degree of Hap-TA was higher than that of Hap-CG. The expression distribution of PSCA in multiple human organs showed disparity. These results suggest that PSCA gene variation has a potential effect on its expression and GAC risk in the Northwest Chinese population.     

低温低浊原水处理的混凝剂筛选试验及水厂生产应用实例

摘要对苏州X水厂低温低浊原水进行了混凝剂选型试验。通过中试试验,发现聚硫氯化铝（PASC）的混凝效果显著优于其他混凝剂。通过生产试验验证并结合成本核算,验证了聚硫氯化铝在处理低温低浊原水时的效果显著优于其他混凝剂。     

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of Aquaporin Gene Family during Development and Abiotic Stress in Banana

Aquaporins (AQPs) function to selectively control the flow of water and other small molecules through biological membranes, playing crucial roles in various biological processes. However, little information is available on the AQP gene family in bananas. In this study, we identified 47 banana AQP genes based on the banana genome sequence. Evolutionary analysis of AQPs from banana, Arabidopsis, poplar, and rice indicated that banana AQPs (MaAQPs) were clustered into four subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis showed that all banana AQPs contained the typical AQP-like or major intrinsic protein (MIP) domain. Gene structure analysis suggested the majority of MaAQPs had two to four introns with a highly specific number and length for each subfamily. Expression analysis of MaAQP genes during fruit development and postharvest ripening showed that some MaAQP genes exhibited high expression levels during these stages, indicating the involvement of MaAQP genes in banana fruit development and ripening. Additionally, some MaAQP genes showed strong induction after stress treatment and therefore, may represent potential candidates for improving banana resistance to abiotic stress. Taken together, this study identified some excellent tissue-specific, fruit development- and ripening-dependent, and abiotic stress-responsive candidate MaAQP genes, which could lay a solid foundation for genetic improvement of banana cultivars.     

人TRAIL细胞外段基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及其包涵体的复性

目的　在大肠杆菌中表达人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体细胞外段 (sTRAIL)基因 ,并研究其包涵体的复性。方法　应用RT- PCR法从正常人外周血单核细胞中获得sTRAIL的编码基因 ,将其克隆到原核表达载体pBV2 2 0 ,于大肠杆菌DH5α中通过温控诱导表达 ;将包涵体进行变性和复性处理后 ,采用离子交换层析纯化表达产物 ,并经Dotblot及MTT试验鉴定。结果　通过温度诱导 ,目的基因主要以包涵体形式高效表达 ,包涵体蛋白经梯度透析法复性可获得具有抗肿瘤活性的重组人sTRAIL。结论　已获得大量纯化重组人sTRAIL ,为开发新型抗肿瘤制剂奠定基础。