基于瞬态模型的不对称供电三相感应电动机分析

三相电压不对称对感应电动机性能影响较大，本文建立了三相感应电动机瞬态模型，基于该模型和复数不平衡因数（CVUF)的概念，研究不对称供电电压对感应电动机性能的影响，对不对称三相电压供电感应电动机起动过程进行了仿真，计算了不同CVUF时感应电动机的起动过程，研究了起动过程中的峰值转矩，起动时间、达到稳态后的三相电流不平衡因数，转速，转速波动，转矩波动与CVUF的关系，得出了相应结论。     

Analysis of the voltage phasors characteristics for motor unbalanced supplies under constant voltage level

This article presents an analytical and graphical study of the supply characteristics of a three-phase induction motor operating under constant average voltage in unbalanced conditions. Till now, researchers have addressed the unbalance analysis of induction motors without paying attention to the accuracy on the voltage level issue. This work develops the loci of voltage phasors and their symmetrical components, and calculates the variation ranges of voltages and voltage unbalance factor (IEC) for an induction motor operating under constant line average voltage and constant percent voltage unbalance (NEMA). The results are applied to the variation limits established in the electrotechnical standards.     

Causes and effects of unbalanced voltages serving an inductionmotor

A common requirement of a distribution system is to serve a combination of single-phase lighting loads and a three-phase induction motor. Two transformer connections for providing this combination service are the ungrounded wye-delta and the open wye-open delta. Each connection has its good points and bad points. Of concern are the three-phase voltages provided the induction motor. If the voltages are unbalanced, depending upon the degree of unbalance, the induction motor is subject to overheating. Sources of the voltage unbalance can be the unequal spacing between conductors of the primary and secondary lines, the transformer ratings and connection, and the amount of single-phase load relative to the three-phase load. This paper utilizes previously published models of the primary and secondary lines, transformer connections, and induction motors. A simple system is developed to demonstrate the voltage unbalance created by these components under normal and abnormal conditions and the effect of the resulting unbalances on the induction motor. The system model also provides an insight into the voltages that can appear across the transformer terminals during abnormal operating conditions     

Control of Electronic Power Transformer with Star Configuration under Unbalanced Load Conditions

The electronic power transformer has many advantages, such as reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, harmonic suppression, and power factor correction. When a three-phase electronic power transformer with a star configuration is applied in the distribution network, three-phase load unbalance will cause three-phase DC voltage unbalance if the electronic power transformer controller generates improper asymmetric voltage signals, which may trigger over-voltage protection. The effects of three-phase load unbalance to the work condition of the electronic power transformer are analyzed, and a control algorithm is proposed to balance three-phase DC voltages in this article. Meanwhile, input stage control, isolation stage control, output stage control, and individual DC voltage balancing control are presented. Simulation and lab experimental results show that the electronic power transformer still works properly even under serious unbalanced load conditions.     

A novel approach to the design of a shunt active filter for anunbalanced three-phase four-wire system under nonsinusoidal conditions

A new approach is presented for the design of a shunt active filter in a three-phase, four-wire distribution system with unbalanced, distorted sources and unbalanced loads. The purpose of the shunt active filter is to provide compensation currents such that the source needs to supply balanced (positive-sequence) fundamental source current at unity power factor even though the load consumes harmonic currents as well as positive, negative, and zero-sequence currents. A major feature of the proposed approach is that it does not require symmetrical component transformation to transform the three-phase voltages and currents to α-β-o quantities. This makes practical implementation of the proposed method easier than the symmetrical component transformation approach. In addition, the power factor of the positive-sequence fundamental component is close to unity and only positive-sequence power is supplied by the source. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated by computer simulation and experimental results of a shunt active filter for a three-phase four-wire distribution system with distorted, unbalanced source voltages and unbalanced loads     

风电汇集地区电压不平衡特性分析及抑制策略

中国风电多采用"大规模集中开发,远距离传输"的模式,风电汇集地区常无本地负荷,在大规模风电汇集地区常出现三相电压不平衡现象,严重时会造成风机脱网,威胁到电力系统的安全稳定运行.针对这一问题,提出了风电汇集地区电压不平衡机理及抑制策略.首先,基于实测数据提取风电汇集地区电压不平衡现象的关键技术特征;其次,构建风电汇集地区等效电路模型,考虑风电汇集地区静态电压稳定极限及不换位输电线路三相阻抗参数不平衡等因素,提出电压不平衡度的估算方法;最后,以汇集站负序电压最小为目标,提出风电汇集地区三相无功优化模型,通过动态无功补偿装置分相调节实现风电汇集地区负序电压抑制.以实际风电汇集系统为例,通过仿真分析验证了机理分析和抑制策略的有效性.     

基于正序分量的含PV节点的三相配网潮流算法

随着分布式发电(distributed generators,DG)接入配电网,传统的配电网潮流算法难以满足分布式发电系统潮流计算的要求。针对这一情况,提出一种有效的三相不平衡配电网潮流直接算法,该算法充分利用配电网络的结构特点,基于回路分析法生成的道路矩阵,建立节点电压与注入电流之间的关系矩阵,从而实现配网潮流的直接计算。同时,基于PV节点正序电压幅值保持恒定的特性,提出一种新的处理PV类型DG的方法,该方法基于正序分量方法和道路矩阵,推导得到无功电流和补偿电压之间的关联公式,可非常简单地引入到三相不平衡配网潮流计算算法中,并保证PV节点有功功率和电压幅值为预设定值(假定无功功率没有越界)。通过6母线和69母线算例验证该方法的有效性和通用性。     

基于同步坐标的有源电力滤波器检测策略

针对有源电力滤波器(APF)谐波抑制效果在很大程度上取决于对电网中无功、谐波和负序电流快速而准确监测的问题,提出一种用于无功、谐波和负序电流检测的改进的同步参考坐标法.将采样得到的三相电网电压变换到α-β坐标系,由相关分量合成所得矢量就是电网正序基波分量和负序基波分量的叠加,进而得到理想的基波电压,可计算出cos θ、sin θ.所提出的方法通过对电网正序基波电压矢量的同步旋转跟踪,可以省去锁相环及三角函数的计算.采用Matlab软件仿真及实验模拟三相不平衡负载的检测,结果均证明了采用所提方法的APF具有良好的补偿性能.     

基于p-q-r理论的UPQC直接控制策略

阐述了p-q-r瞬时功率理论的原理,提出了基于该理论的统一电能质量控制器(UPQC)的直接控制策略,探讨了将其用于三相四线非线性及不平衡系统中的实现方法。着重介绍了p-q-r参考波形的产生方法,以及串联补偿电流和并联补偿电压的计算方法,并将其应用于非线性不平衡负载在电源电压不平衡及电压跌落情况下UPQC直接控制策略中。分析了控制策略的原理,推导出相关运算公式,给出了详细的控制框图。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明,采用该方法可以有效地消除非线性及不平衡负载对电网的影响,使电网输入功率因数为1,同时,串联补偿器隔离了电网电压对负载电压的扰动,并联补偿器给负载提供三相平衡及正弦的额定电压,不受电网电压变化的影响。     

Evaluating power system unbalance in the presence of harmonic distortion

This paper presents a new method to evaluate power system unbalance in the presence of harmonic distortion. The balanced, the first unbalanced, and the second unbalanced components are obtained from the original three-phase current and voltage phasors of each harmonic component. The equivalent root-mean-square (RMS) value of three-phase voltage and current is then decomposed into the balanced fundamental, the unbalanced fundamental, the balanced harmonic, and the unbalanced harmonic components. The same decomposition is applied to the apparent power, and the system unbalance can then be evaluated through the proposed system total unbalance distortion factor. The unbalanced fundamental, the balanced harmonic, and the unbalanced harmonic distortion factors are defined. These distortion factors clarify the interleaving between the unbalance and harmonic distortion, and are suitable for unbalance evaluation in the presence of harmonics. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method on the study and characterization of unbalance in power systems.     

Continuation Three-Phase Power Flow: A Tool for Voltage Stability Analysis of Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Systems

In this paper, a continuation three-phase power flow (CTPFlow) approach in polar coordinates, which can be used to analyze voltage stability of unbalanced three-phase power systems, is proposed. Using CTPFlow, the PV curves of unbalanced three-phase power systems can be obtained. It is found that the patterns of the PV Curves of unbalanced three-phase power systems are quite different from that of balanced three-phase power systems or positive-sequence power systems. The investigations indicate that a CTPFlow is needed where there are unbalanced network or loads existing in a system. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the approach.     

Unified power flow controller models for three-phase power flow analysis

In this paper, three models of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) suitable for three-phase power flow analysis in polar coordinates are presented. The symmetrical components control model can be used to control the positive-sequence voltage of the shunt bus and the total three-phase active and reactive power flows of the transmission line while the injected shunt voltages and the series voltages are balanced, respectively; the general three-phase control model can be used to control the three shunt phase voltages and the six independent active and reactive power flows of the transmission line; the hybrid control model can be used to control the positive-sequence voltage of the shunt bus and the six independent active and reactive power flows of the transmission line. The proposed UPFC models were successfully implemented in a three-phase Newton power flow algorithm in polar coordinates. In the implementation of these UPFC models, transformers of some common connection types, which connect the UPFC with the network, are explicitly represented. Numerical results based on a five-bus system and the modified IEEE 118-bus system are given to illustrate the UPFC control models and demonstrate the computational performance of the three-phase Newton power flow algorithm.     

单周期控制三相PWM整流器在不对称电网下的研究

传统的矢量模式单周期控制三相PWM整流器是基于对称电网系统下研究的,功率因数约为1,输入谐波低,且与双极型单周期控制相比,具有更低的开关损耗。当三相电网不对称时,三相输入电流跟踪电网电压的非零序分量,采用传统电网电压选择矢量区间不能保证三相PWM整流器具有较低的开关损耗,且在电网极端缺相故障时,系统不能正常工作。本文采用电网电压非零序分量选择矢量区间,并对矢量区间状态进行分析比较,结果证明所采取的方法能保证系统在任何情况下开关损耗最低。最后对三相PWM整流器工作于不对称电网情况下进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明采用电网电压非零序分量选择矢量区间能保证电网电压在缺相故障时系统仍能正常工作,并且所采用的单周期控制同时满足对称电网系统。     

A hybrid method combining JFPSO and probabilistic three-phase load flow for improving unbalanced voltages in distribution systems with photovoltaic generators

This paper presents a new hybrid method that combines jumping frog and particle swarm optimization and probabilistic three-phase load flow to improve unbalanced voltages in distribution systems with photovoltaic generators. This paper applies a new three-phase probabilistic load flow based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The voltage regulation is one of the principal problems to be addressed in photovoltaic distributed generation. The proposed method defines the nodes where photovoltaic grid-connected system is connected and their mean power output minimizing the maximum value of voltage unbalances at the nodes. Numerical applications are presented using the unbalanced distribution system IEEE 13-nodes and including photovoltaic generators at several nodes. The results obtained show the decrease in the unbalance factor due to the presence of distributed generation.     

改善微网电能质量的有源电能质量调节器研究

提出在微网交流母线和低压配网公共连接点之间并入有源电能质量调节器,可改善微网电能质量,减小微网接入对低压配网电能质量的影响.提出了基于瞬时无功理论的同步锁相方法,准确分解出公共连接点电压基波正序分量,进而求得其相位.由补偿电流控制策略计算得到参考电流,控制有源电能质量调节器实时向微网补偿谐波电流和无功电流,即使在三相负载不平衡时,使公共连接点三相电流平衡且为正弦波,从而平衡公共耦合点的三相电压.Matlab/Simulink 仿真结果证明了所提同步锁相方法和补偿电流控制策略的有效性     

基于SBPF的链式STATCOM不对称控制策略

系统电压不平衡时,链式静止同步补偿器（STATCOM）应保持稳定运行,以提高系统功率因数及电压稳定性。但传统功率解耦控制的链式STATCOM在系统电压不平衡条件下,其运行性能会严重恶化。为此,提出一种新的采用星形联接的链式STATCOM的控制策略,将选择性带通滤波器（SBPF）与功率解耦控制相结合,实现链式STATCOM的不平衡控制及快速响应性能。仿真结果显示,所提的控制算法能显著提高链式STATCOM在系统电压不平衡时的运行稳定性及补偿效果。     

基于改进型单周控制的MMC系统三相不平衡控制法

为了应对模块化多电平(MMC)系统在三相电网不平衡条件下的运行,本文提出了一种改进型单周控制法,在基本单周控制的基础上使用网侧负序电压来补偿MMC网侧电流反馈量,避免了三相电流的正负序转换运算。同时加入虚拟循环映射方案进行子模块电容均压。本方法相比现有的MMC不平衡控制策略,简化了控制环节,参数设计较为容易。三相电压跌落仿真结果表明,本文提出的控制方法不仅能够实现MMC在三相不平衡时的单周控制,降低直流电压中两倍于基频的谐波,使电网输出的有功功率趋于稳定,而且可以使子模块电容电压自动达到均衡,减少了系统的器件损耗。     

电网电压不平衡下星形级联H桥STATCOM的三相直流电压偏离控制策略

电网电压不平衡下,星形级联H桥STATCOM的三相直流电压通常被控制为相等。然而,为了应对电网的负序电压,三相调制波会变得不平衡。不平衡的调制波会减少STATCOM输出电压的阶梯数,同时还会使得三相直流电压的二次脉动不平衡,由此增加了输出电流的高频与低频的谐波含量。不仅如此,输出电流中还需要注入负序分量用来重新分配三相有功功率实现三相直流电压均衡,由此不利于电网的电能质量。为了提高电流的质量,在电网电压不平衡下将三相直流电压调节为不相等值,从而保证三相调制波的平衡且三相调制最大。基于这个思想,通过正负序分离,在满足电流平衡的前提下推导出三相直流电压参考值。同时,为了维持三相直流电压的稳定,推导了由三相直流电压偏差所产生的输出零序电压,由此分析STATCOM三相输入的功率流,发现由负序电压和零序电压产生的功率相互抵消,这就意味着STATCOM的三相直流电压可以自稳定,无需注入额外的负序电流用来实现三相直流电压稳定。最后,搭建400 V/±5 kvar的星形级联H桥STATCOM样机,验证了提出方法的可行性与有效性。     

三相不对称供电自起动永磁同步电动机的仿真研究

三相电压不对称对永磁同步电动机的性能影响较大。该文基于Matlab／Simulink建立了三相自起动永磁同步电动机的瞬态仿真模型，采用了复数电压不平衡因数（CVUF）的概念，对三相电压供电的三相自起动永磁同步电动机进行了仿真研究，分析了对应不同CVUF时电机的起动时间，稳态时的定子电流不平衡因数、转矩波动、转速波动、转子铜耗，给出了仿真曲线，并得出了相应结论。     

电能质量扰动对异步电动机特性影响的分析与仿真研究

建立了不同电能质量扰动情况下异步电动机的模型,分别在理想供电电压、三相电压不平衡、电压畸变、电压偏差与电压暂降情况下,对异步电动机的工作特性进行了分析,对异步电动机转矩、转速以及运行效率等与不同程度电能质量扰动之间的关系进行了仿真研究,并对有与无相位跳变、发生单相以及三相电压暂降时,电动机转矩与转速的变化进行了详细分析。结果表明,在非理想情况下,电机的输出转矩中会出现不同程度的脉动或振荡转矩,电机的启动时间与转速等均会发生变化,从而对电机运行带来不利影响。