基于虚拟组织的网格文件资源共享模型

网格计算主要关注大规模的资源共享,且这种共享是高度可控的。为解决网格环境下文件资源共享与管理的问题,提出了一个网格文件资源共享模型FsvGrid。该模型引入注册通知机制,并采用确定性算法与非确定性算法相结合的消息传递机制,使得网格中的各个节点之间能够高效协作;采用分层结构,屏蔽了文件资源的多样性;增加了共享的安全性,可以对共享进行控制;提出了一种依靠虚拟组织来对文件资源进行管理的方式,解决分布式资源难以管理的问题。     

A Market-Oriented Grid Directory Service for Publication and Discovery of Grid Service Providers and their Services

The emergence of Grids as a platform for sharing and aggregation of distributed resources increases the need for mechanisms that allow an efficient management of resources. The Grid economy has been identified as one of the potential solutions as it helps in managing the supply and demand for resources and enables sustained sharing of resources by providing economic incentive for Grid resource providers. An economy based Grid computing environment needs to support an infrastructure that enables the creation of a marketplace for meeting of providers and consumers. This paper presents the Grid Market Directory (GMD) that serves as a registry for publication and discovery of Grid service providers and their services.     

Resource Discovery in a dynamical grid based on Re-routing Tables

This paper studies the Resource Discovery problem in a dynamical grid based on a grid-router model. This model suggests that the grid can be seen as an environment comprised by routers and resources, where each router is in charge of its local resources. We address the Grid Resource Discovery problem as a problem of discovering the appropriate resource for a specific request within that environment. Attempting to solve the Grid Resource Discovery problem, several mechanisms have been proposed in the past. One of those mechanisms is the Routing Tables mechanism, which can guarantee finding the appropriate resource for a specific request within a static grid environment, where resources are permanently online, connected in the grid. This paper investigates the effectiveness of a Routing Tables mechanism, called Re-routing Tables which can guarantee finding the appropriate resource in a dynamical grid environment, where resources could disconnect from the grid, and therefore get in an offline state. Due to an offline resource situation, the resource request must be re-routed in order to be satisfied.     

基于网格计算的远程教育系统模型的研究

网络远程教育是一种全新的知识传播方式和实现全民教育的有效手段。现在网络上的教育资源越来越多，且在地理上是分布的，运行平台上是异构的，因此彼此间不能有效地进行共享。利用网格技术，就可以实现远程教育资源的一体化集成、共享和管理，提高远程教育资源的使用效率。本文将网格技术与远程教育结合起来，提出了基于网格计算的远程教育系统模型，并针对该模型设计了在网格环境下对广域异构的远程教育信息资源进行统一访问的解决方案。     

基于经济的网格资源调度算法研究

网格使构建虚拟组织,在全世界范围内共享资源成为现实.但是,在网格环境下的资源管理和调度是一项相当复杂的工作,这主要是由于资源分布在世界各地,隶属于不同的组织,各个资源拥有者都有不同的使用和访问策略、开销模型、不断变化的负载和可用性.为了满足网格计算环境中资源调度的复杂需要,可以将现实世界中的经济原理和模型应用到网格环境下的任务调度中,并据此提出了几种经济资源调度算法.     

Resource brokering using a multi‐site resource allocation strategy for computational grids

Grid computing employs heterogeneous resources which may be installed on different platforms, hardware/software, computer architectures, and perhaps using different computer languages to solve large‐scale computational problems. As many more Grids are being developed worldwide, the number of multi‐institutional collaborations is growing rapidly. However, to realize Grid computing's full potential, it is expected that Grid participants must be able to share one another's resources. This paper presents a resource broker that employs the multi‐site resource allocation (MSRA) strategy and the dynamic domain‐based network information model that we propose to allocate Grid resources to submitted jobs, where the Grid resources may be dispersed at different sites, and owned and governed by different organizations or institutes. The jobs and resources may also belong to different clusters/sites. Resource statuses collected by the Ganglia, and network bandwidths gathered by the Network Weather Service, are both considered in the proposed scheduling approach. A dynamic domain‐based model for network information measurement is also proposed to choose the most appropriate resources that meet the jobs' execution requirements. Experimental results show that MSRA outperformed the other tested strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An overview of S-OGSA: A Reference Semantic Grid Architecture

The Grid's vision, of sharing diverse resources in a flexible, coordinated and secure manner through dynamic formation and disbanding of virtual communities, strongly depends on metadata. Currently, Grid metadata is generated and used in an ad hoc fashion, much of it buried in the Grid middleware's code libraries and database schemas. This ad hoc expression and use of metadata causes chronic dependency on human intervention during the operation of Grid machinery, leading to systems which are brittle when faced with frequent syntactic changes in resource coordination and sharing protocols.The Semantic Grid is an extension of the Grid in which rich resource metadata is exposed and handled explicitly, and shared and managed via Grid protocols. The layering of an explicit semantic infrastructure over the Grid Infrastructure potentially leads to increased interoperability and greater flexibility.In recent years, several projects have embraced the Semantic Grid vision. However, the Semantic Grid lacks a Reference Architecture or any kind of systematic framework for designing Semantic Grid components or applications. The Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) aims to define a core set of capabilities and behaviours for Grid systems. We propose a Reference Architecture that extends OGSA to support the explicit handling of semantics, and defines the associated knowledge services to support a spectrum of service capabilities. Guided by a set of design principles, Semantic-OGSA (S-OGSA) defines a model, the capabilities and the mechanisms for the Semantic Grid.We conclude by highlighting the commonalities and differences that the proposed architecture has with respect to other Grid frameworks.     

Semantic-enabled CARE Resource Broker (SeCRB) for managing grid and cloud environment

Grid computing is mainly helpful for executing high-performance computing applications. However, conventional grid resources sometimes fail to offer a dynamic application execution environment and this increases the rate at which the job requests of users are rejected. Integrating emerging virtualization technologies in grid and cloud computing facilitates the provision of dynamic virtual resources in the required execution environment. Resource brokers play a significant role in managing grid and cloud resources as well as identifying potential resources that satisfy users’ application requests. This research paper proposes a semantic-enabled CARE Resource Broker (SeCRB) that provides a common framework to describe grid and cloud resources, and to discover them in an intelligent manner by considering software, hardware and quality of service (QoS) requirements. The proposed semantic resource discovery mechanism classifies the resources into three categories viz., exact, high-similarity subsume and high-similarity plug-in regions. To achieve the necessary user QoS requirements, we have included a service level agreement (SLA) negotiation mechanism that pairs users’ QoS requirements with matching resources to guarantee the execution of applications, and to achieve the desired QoS of users. Finally, we have implemented the QoS-based resource scheduling mechanism that selects the resources from the SLA negotiation accepted list in an optimal manner. The proposed work is simulated and evaluated by submitting real-world bio-informatics and image processing application for various test cases. The result of the experiment shows that for jobs submitted to the resource broker, job rejection rate is reduced while job success and scheduling rates are increased, thus making the resource management system more efficient.     

一种基于历史信息反馈的动态服务资源选择模型

针对真实服务网格环境中资源的不确定性，如CPU、网络的负载、安全性和动态性，提出了一种动态选择网格资源的技术——基于历史反馈的动态资源选择模型。该模型利用服务的历史执行信息自适应调整预测模型，并在考虑了网格环境中资源的实时性、安全性和不确定性的基础上，进行资源的反馈选择，最后将服务请求提交到整体性能较优的节点上。     

A semantic collaborative awareness model to deal with resource sharing in grids

Grid computing environments are set up mainly to encourage the shared use of different resources based on business/scientific needs. The way these resources are shared in terms of CPU cycles, storage capacity, software licenses etc., is normally dictated by the availability of these resources outside the local administration context. The Semantic Grid is the extension of Grid computing with Semantic Web-based technologies. The Semantic Grid represents grid management data in a machine-understandable format, and reasoning can handle complicated situations in virtual organization management. This paper presents the extension of the collaborative awareness model (CAM) to manage virtual organizations in Semantic Grid environments. CAM applies some theoretical principles of awareness models to promote resource interaction and management, as well as task delivery.     

3-Hierarchical resource management model on web grid service architecture

In this paper, we developed a framework for efficient resource management within the grid service environment. For considering the grid service architecture and functions, the resource management is the most important to grid service; therefore, GridRMF (Grid Resource Management Framework) is modeled and developed in order to respond to such variable characteristics of resources as accordingly as possible. GridRMF uses the participation level of grid resource as a basis of its hierarchical management. This hierarchical management divides managing domains into two parts: VMS (Virtual Organization Management System) for virtual organization management and RMS (Resource Management System) for metadata management. VMS mediates resources according to optimal virtual organization selection mechanism, and responds to malfunctions of the virtual organization by LRM (Local Resource Manager) automatic recovery mechanism. RMS, on the other hand, responds to load balance and fault by applying resource status monitoring information into adaptive performance-based task allocation algorithm.

基于网格平台的GUI软件共享机制

基于网格的应用系统中存在着大量具有图形用户界面(GUI)的遗留应用软件,它们具有交互的使用模式,有很强的平台依赖性,其共享使用模式不同于一般的基于批处理的作业提交模式,给网格平台带来了一定的挑战。该文在中国国家网格(CNGrid)平台基础上,基于网格系统软件CNGrid GOS,提出并实现了一种GUI应用软件的共享系统GridShare。其原型系统的试验结果表明,GridShare能够利用网格平台的跨域安全管理和资源调度能力,实现GUI应用软件在网格环境中的共享和多用户协同使用,提高应用资源的利用效率。     

基于P2P的制造资源搜索引擎的研究与实现

资源共享是网格技术追求的目标之一,基于中心服务器的集中式系统虽然具有易控制、维护方便等优点,但同时带来了很多问题,如中心服务器会成为整个系统的瓶颈、通信效率较低、检索资源的范围仅仅局限于资源的提供者等。P2P中对等点（Peer）之间通过直接互连,实现动态共享资源。本文结合P2P的网络特点,构建了一个面向制造业的资源共享平台——制造资源搜索引擎（Manufacturing Resource Search Engine,MRSE）,对其中的关键技术进行了研究、提出了基于XML的资源搜索策略,给出了XML的两种同步机制,并且在快速原型制造网格中实现了制造资源搜索引擎。     

语义Web中开放知识服务体系的研究

WWW是信息时代的重要标志。基于WWW的信息管理系统不仅要能运行在不同的平台上、分布的信息网络中,而且还能提供通用的平台与大量的、独立的、多类型的数据源和应用程序进行交互。开放知识服务体系OKSA就是为实现这一目标而提出的,在开放的Web资源环境中,建立动态的、跨平台的虚拟知识环境,使得人们能够获取、发布、共享和管理各种Web资源,并向用户提供按需的知识服务以支持协同工作、问题求解和决策支持等。     

Modeling and analysis of the effects of QoS and reliability on pricing, profitability, and risk management in multiperiod grid-computing networks

In this paper we develop a network equilibrium model for optimal pricing and resource allocation in Computational Grid Network. We consider a general network economy model with Grid Resource Providers, Grid Resource Brokers and Grid Users. The proposed framework allows for the modeling and theoretical analysis of Computational Grid Markets that considers a non-cooperative behavior of decision-makers in the same tier of the grid computing network (such as, for example, Grid Resource Providers) as well as cooperative behavior between tiers (between Resource Providers and Grid Brokers). We introduce risk management into the decision making process by analyzing the decision-marker's reliability and quality of service (QoS) requirement. We analyze resource allocation patterns as well as equilibrium price based on demand, supply, and cost structure of the grid computing market network. We specifically answer the following questions with several numerical examples: How do system reliability levels affect the QoS levels of the service providers and brokers under competition? How do system reliability levels affect the profits of resource providers and brokers in a competitive market? How do system reliability levels influence the pricing of the services in a competitive environment? How do users' service request types, QoS requirements, and timing concerns affect users' behaviors, costs and risks in equilibrium? How does the market mechanism allocate resources to satisfy the demands of users? We find that for users who request same services certain timing flexibility can not only reduce the costs but also lower the risks. The results indicated that the value of QoS can be efficiently priced based on the heterogeneous service demands.     

基于Web服务的网格体系结构及其支撑环境研究

网格技术是当前网络计算的前沿领域,基于Web服务技术构建网格系统有助于提高网格系统的可扩展性和互操作能力,是这一领域中的最新热点.但现有的工作尚未明确界定基于Web服务的网格的功能模型和实现机制.首先讨论了网格功能模型,基于OGSA(open grid service architecture)框架提出了基于Web服务的网格层次体系结构,并将Web服务工作流引入到网格任务描述中,给出一种Web服务与网格技术相融合的机制,介绍了基于Web服务的网格支撑环境WebSASE4G的总体结构和设计原理,为基于Web     

一种统一的资源预留策略

资源预留可以保证任务在开始执行时获得资源,而这在网格这样资源动态性很强的环境中是很可贵的,因而资源预留是网格任务调度中一种普遍采用的策略。当前资源预留的研究主要集中在计算资源预留的情况,文中提出了一个网格环境中资源预留的统一策略,该策略对其它资源的预留和计算资源的预留一起加以考虑,经过模拟验证,该策略能够很好地和我们先前设计的一种基于资源预留的任务映射算法结合起来,适用于网格的动态、异构性环境。     

A framework for automated construction of resource space based on background knowledge

Resource Space Model is a kind of data model which can effectively and flexibly manage the digital resources in cyber-physical system from multidimensional and hierarchical perspectives. This paper focuses on constructing resource space automatically. We propose a framework that organizes a set of digital resources according to different semantic dimensions combining human background knowledge in WordNet and Wikipedia. The construction process includes four steps: extracting candidate keywords, building semantic graphs, detecting semantic communities and generating resource space. An unsupervised statistical language topic model (i.e., Latent Dirichlet Allocation) is applied to extract candidate keywords of the facets. To better interpret meanings of the facets found by LDA, we map the keywords to Wikipedia concepts, calculate word relatedness using WordNet’s noun synsets and construct corresponding semantic graphs. Moreover, semantic communities are identified by GN algorithm. After extracting candidate axes based on Wikipedia concept hierarchy, the final axes of resource space are sorted and picked out through three different ranking strategies. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can organize resources automatically and effectively.     

一种基于聚类的虚拟计算环境资源聚合方法

作为面向互联网资源共享的虚拟计算环境的实例,iVCE(Internet based virtual computing environment) for Memory致力于解决广域分布的内存资源的共享与综合利用问题.由于内存资源的特殊性,传统的资源管理方法很难适用.以iVCE for Memory作为背景,提出一种基于聚类的虚拟计算环境资源聚合方法,有效降低了资源聚合的问题规模;借鉴物理学中的力场和势能理论,建立了实现资源聚合的基本模型和力场-势能模型以及相应的分布式算法;通过基于真实网络拓扑的模拟,对两种模型和算法分别进行了评估和验证.