Magnetic Properties and Molecular Field Analysis of （ Ce, Nd） 2 （Fe, Si, Mn） 17 Compounds

The temperature-dependent magnetization of the ( Ce, Nd) 2 (Fe, Si, Mn) 17 intermetallic compounds were measured and analyzed by molecular field theory (MFr). The relationship between Tc and the intrasublattice coupling interactions was discussed. The two-sublattice MFT model can well describe the temperature dependence of the magnetization for all the compounds investigated. Ce ion in (Ce, Nd)2Fel7 compounds does not simply dilute the magnetic structure, but is likely present in a mixed-valence state. The substitution of Si for Fe strongly raises Tc and the mean Fe moment remains unchanged for Ce2(Si, Fe)17 compounds, and the 3d exchange coupling constant JFF increases linearly. Mn decreases Tc of Nd2(Mn, Fe)17 compound by reducing JFF。     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of HoFe_(12-x) Mn_x Compounds

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磁场退火对无取向硅钢磁性能的影响

为了研究退火温度、磁场强度、磁场方向及退火时间等对低牌号无取向硅钢磁性能和组织的影响,在正交试验的基础上,对无取向硅钢进行不同条件的退火处理,通过对磁性能数据的正交分析,优选出最佳的工艺参数。研究结果表明:退火温度和磁场强度是影响试验钢比饱和磁化强度的主要因素,磁场强度与退火时间对剩余磁化强度也有显著的影响。当加热温度在800℃、施加磁场强度为3 T时,调整施加磁场的方向与退火时间可以使无取向硅钢的比饱和磁化强度、比剩余磁化强度分别达到260.7 emu/g、18.265 emu/g。     

Magnetic Properties of Erbium Gallium Gallate under High Magnetic Field

A theoretical investigation on the magnetic properties of rare-earth Er3+ in Er3 Ga5 O12 was reported. The average magnetic moments(M) for applied magnetic field H parallel to the [001 ], [ 100], [ 110], [ 111 ] direction was studied based on the quantum theory. Temperature dependence of the magnetic properties is analyzed for H applied parallel to the [ 100] and [ 111 ] crystallographic directions. The magnetization decreases with increasing temperature,showing good agreement with thermal effect. A strong anisotropy of the magnetization is found under high magnetic field, but when the magnetic field is small, M and H are proportional.     

RECo_(10)V_2(RE=Y,Gd)化合物中的磁作用

用两格点分子场理论分析了RECo1 0 V2 (RE =Y ,Gd)化合物的磁矩随温度的变化。采用数值拟合的方法计算出了描述 3种磁作用的分子场系数nRECo,nCoCo和nRERE,并且计算出了居里温度TC。对于YCo1 0 V2 ,分子场理论仅以nCoCo给出了很好的描述。而对于GdCo1 0 V2 ,3个分子场系数中nCoCo最大 ,这意味着磁作用主要由钴 3d电子间的交换所支配。另外 ,为了便于分析磁晶各向异性能与温度的关系 ,本文还给出了分子场强度随温度变化的曲线     

Magnetic properties, magnetoresistivity and magnetocaloric effect in GdxLa1-x.MnSi alloys

The results of magnetization, magnetoresistivity and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) studies performed on polycrystalline samples of the Gd_xLa_1−xMnSi (x=0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0) compounds were presented. Complex measurements were carried out on the Gd_xLa_1−xMnSi compounds to determine the influence of substitution in the rare earth (R) sublattice on the magnetic and related properties of these compounds. The compounds with x≤0.6 demonstrated two magnetic phase transitions (ferromagnetic to paramagnetic and antiferro-magnetic to ferromagnetic) both of which were first order. Anomalies in the magnetocaloric effect, electroresistivity and magnetoresistivity were observed in the temperature ranges of the magnetic phase transitions. The temperature dependences of MCE and magnetoresistivity for these compounds correlated with the temperature dependence of magnetization.     

A Study of the Magnetic Properties of Intermetallic Compound RFe_(12-x)M_x

The structure and intrinsic magnetic properties of RFeM(M=V or Ti),type 1:12,have been studied bymagnetic measurement and X-ray diffraction.They are body-centered tetragonal ThMn_(12)structure.Thechanges of crystal lattice constants coincide with that of their element radii.Curie temperature is decided mainlyby the exchange interactions of 3d-3d and 3d-4f atom pairs.The data obtained by mean-field approximationagree well with experimental values.The magnetic moment coupling in these compounds for LRE isferromagnetic,and for HRE is antiferromagnetic.At low temperature,anisotropy field is decided by REsublattice.In this paper,the influence of magnetic properties of cobalt and nickel replacing iron has also beenstudied.     

强磁场对铁基合金相变温度和显微组织的影响

The effect of a high magnetic field up to 30 T on phase transformation temperature and microstructure of Fe-based alloys has been reviewed. A high magnetic field accelerates ferrite transformation, changes the morphology of the transformed microstructures and increases the As and A1 temperature. In a magnetic field of 30 T, the A1 temperature increases by about 37.1℃ for Fe-0.8C, the A3 temperature for pure Fe increases by about 33.1 ℃. The measured transformation temperature data are not consistent with calculation results using Weiss molecular field theory. Ferrite grains are elongated and aligned along the direction of magnetic field in Fe-0.4C and Fe-0.6C alloys by ferrite transformation, but elongated and aligned structure was not found in pure Fe, Fe-0.05C alloy and Fe-1.5Mn0.11C-0.1V alloy.     

Polymer Bonded Anisotropic Thick Hard Films for Micromotors/Microgenerators

Hard magnetic films are very promising elements for the production of MEMS, due to the optimum scaling properties of magnetic interactions. These elements are specially well suited for the development of micromotors and microgenerators. A magnetization multipolar structure is required on the material to be used in such applications. In order to generate this multipolar structure, a well defined magnetic anisotropy is required, this anisotropy being directed in many cases in the direction perpendicular to the film plane. The maximum torque obtainable from a micromotor depends mainly on the mass of magnetic material (i.e. the film thickness). Anisotropic hard magnetic films with thicknesses on the order of tenths of millimetres can not be prepared by any of the common thin film deposition techniques available nowadays. Though some preparation techniques have been developed that can be used to prepare hard magnetic films with the desired thicknesses, they are not able to produce materials with a well defined anisotropy along the direction perpendicular to the film plane. In this work, we describe a method to prepare anisotropic hard magnetic films with thicknesses of tenths of millimetres by dispersing NdFeB anisotropic microparticles on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) solution at room temperature under low intensity magnetic fields. Large macrospic anisotropics have been reached for magnetic fields as low as 150 Oe applied during the deposition, with room temperature coercivities in excess of 1.2 T and maximum energy products up to 9 MGOe. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties indicates that a columnar arrangement of the particles on the direction parallel to the field applied during the preparation is the reason of the observed macroscopic anisotropy. The films can be easily deposited onto different substrates and mechanised in order to obtain a smooth surface with the desired shape. Their use in micromotors/microgenerators has been tested.     

Magnetic Properties and Kinetics Parameters of Electroless Magnetic Loss CoFeB Films

Electroless CoFeB films with good soft magnetic properties were fabricated on polyester plastic substrate from sodium tartarate as a complexing agent.The plating rate of electroless CoFeB films is a function of concentration of sodium tetrahydroborate,pH of the plating bath,plating temperature and the metallic ratio.The estimated regression coefficient b0-b3 confidence interval,residual error r and confidence interval rint were confirmed by a computer program.The optimal composition of the plating bath was obtained and the dynamic electromagnetic parameters of films were measured in the 2-10 GHz range.At 2 GHz,the μ＇,μ″ of the electroless CoFeB films were 304 and 76.6,respectively,as the concentration of reducer is 1 g/L.Magnetic hysteresis loop of the deposited CoFeB films show a remanence close to the saturation magnetization and coercivity of about 55.7-127.4 A/m.The loops along the hard axis display low anisotropic field Hk of 2 388-3 582 A/m.     

Molecular Field Theory Analysis of Intermetallic Compounds Sm1-xErxFe2 (x=0.7,0.4,0.3,0.1)

The temperature dependence of magnetization of intermetallic compounds molecular field theory (MFT)were studied and the results were consistent with the experimental data, so the Curie temperatures were obtained.The exchange field HMn (T) and HGd (T) were presented.The saturation magnetization and the Curie temperature Tc decrease with the increasing Er content.But the rare earth exchange field strengthens, which leads to increasing magnetocrystalline anisotropy.The exchange coupling constants JFeFe, JFer, Jrr were caculated.JFeFe dominates the three kinds of interaction, implying that the magnetic interaction is dominated by the exchange 3d electrons.     

Effect of Thickness and Annealing Temperature on Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin γ-Fe2O3 Films Grown on Silicon Substrate

The effect of thickness and annealing temperature on magnetic properties of ultrathin γ-Fe₂O₃ films with MgO buffer layer grown on silicon substrate is investigated. The saturation magnetization and coercive force of samples at room temperature increase with increasing of annealing temperature, and decrease as annealing temperature is above 873 K (600 °C). The saturation magnetization of samples decreases with increasing of the thickness of γ-Fe₂O₃ at room temperature. The samples with 3 to 4 nm thick γ-Fe₂O₃ annealed at 873 K (600 °C) show saturation magnetization of about 400 emu/cm³, which is close to the bulk value of ~390 emu/cm³ within the error range.     

Strain induced martensite formation in stainless steel

The Conversion Electron and X-ray M?ssbauer studies of the surface of Type 316 stainless steel at 400 K, 300 K, and 100 K show that both the substitutional and interstitial elements perturb the cubic symmetry at the iron site. The single peak of austenite is a superposition of at least five quadrupole split doublets whose magnitudes and intensities depend on the type and concentration of the impurity elements. However, when the surface of the stainless steel is plastically deformed, a layer of martensite about 5000 ? thick is formed on the austenite base. This layer consists of a mixture of 31 pct martensite with the rest being the original austenite. The magnetic environment of the iron in this martensite is controlled by the concentration of alloying elements, and the distribution of the hyperfine fields is determined by the number of nearest and next nearest neighbor impurity atoms. The magnetic field decreases linearly at first as the number of nearest neighbors increases and then follows a nonlinear trend for a number of nearest neighbors. The temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization is different for each number of neighbors, and a Curie temperature has been estimated for each site.     

金属间化物（Sm_（1－x）Dy_x）_2Fe_（17）N_y中的各向异性机制探讨

本文主要通过变温穆斯堡尔谱等手段研究金属间化物（Ｓｍ（１－ｘ）Ｄｙｘ）２Ｆｅ（１７）Ｎｙ（ｘ＝０．４；２＜ｙ＜３）的自旋重取向现象，进而对其中的各向异性产生机制进行分析。由实验结果得出Ｄｙ次格子的单轴各向异性较强，导致在１５０Ｋ～１００Ｋ较低温度下出现自旋重取向现象。     

Tb3NiSi2合金磁相变与磁热性能研究

依据X射线衍射(XRD)与等温磁化曲线和等磁场变温磁化曲线,主要研究了Tb₃NiSi₂合金相结构与磁性相变和磁热性能。XRD表明,采用800℃保温14天,然后炉冷至室温的热处理方法制备的R3NiSi2(R=Tb,Dy,Ho,Er)合金中,主相均为Gd3NiSi2型正交结构(空间群:Pnma,No.62)相,但杂相R5Si3含量存在差异,其规律是从Er到Tb,含量依次减少,Tb₃NiSi₂合金样品基本为一个单相,其相应晶格常数分别为a=1.1240(8)nm,b=0.41009(8)nm,c=1.12058(1)nm。等温磁化曲线显示在50~300 K温度范围内,Tb₃NiSi₂合金仅展现出铁磁-顺磁相变,并没有在130,82,66,53 K等观察到相关文献报道的多重的反常反铁磁态-铁磁态(AFM-FM)相变。0.01 T磁场下的磁化强度对温度求导曲线(d M/d T)和0~2 T磁场下的Arrott图结果证实合金铁磁-顺磁二级磁相变居里温度(Tc)=88 K。居里外斯定理拟合表明合金中Tb³⁺粒子的有效磁矩为9.90μB(μB为玻尔磁子),同期望值μeff/Tb³⁺=g(J(J+1))1/2=9.72μB基本一致。在磁热性方面,Tb₃NiSi₂合金在0~2 T磁场范围内,低场响应性较差,铁磁态分子的有效磁矩远低于顺磁分子有效磁矩,最大磁熵变(-ΔSM_max)为3.2 J·kg^-1·K^-1;在对应的半高宽温跨(δTFWHM)=35.5K范围内,相对制冷量为113 J·kg^-1。     

Strain induced martensite formation in stainless steel

The Conversion Electron and X-ray Mössbauer studies of the surface of Type 316 stainless steel at 400 K, 300 K, and 100 K show that both the substitutional and interstitial elements perturb the cubic symmetry at the iron site. The single peak of austenite is a superposition of at least five quadrupole split doublets whose magnitudes and intensities depend on the type and concentration of the impurity elements. However, when the surface of the stainless steel is plastically deformed, a layer of martensite about 5000 Å thick is formed on the austenite base. This layer consists of a mixture of 31 pct martensite with the rest being the original austenite. The magnetic environment of the iron in this martensite is controlled by the concentration of alloying elements, and the distribution of the hyperfine fields is determined by the number of nearest and next nearest neighbor impurity atoms. The magnetic field decreases linearly at first as the number of nearest neighbors increases and then follows a nonlinear trend for a number of nearest neighbors. The temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization is different for each number of neighbors, and a Curie temperature has been estimated for each site.     

SmCo/Co多层交换弹性纳米晶复合永磁薄膜的制备和磁耦合研究

利用磁控溅射的方法,在室温条件的Si基片上制备了[SmCo(25nm)/Co(x)]4/SmCo(25 nm)多层交换弹性纳米晶复合永磁薄膜(Co层厚度x=0～10 nm),经过550 ℃/20 min的真空退火处理使薄膜结晶后,进行磁性测试和磁耦合分析.结果表明:SmCo层厚度固定为25 nm时,调整Co层的厚度,从0至10 nm逐渐增加,矫顽力从2270.3 kA·m-1逐渐降低至1040.5 kA·m-1,同时,饱和磁化强度和剩磁随Co层厚度增加逐渐增加,上升了60％.当加入10 nm的Co层后,多层膜的最大磁能积比125 nm的单层SmCo薄膜增加了46％.另外,与SmCo/Co双层交换弹性薄膜在退磁过程中表现的零场附近的软硬磁双相行为相比,SmCo/Co多层交换弹性薄膜表现出单相反转行为,说明体系中的两种磁性层具有更好的磁耦合.经过磁耦合研究发现,当Co软磁层较薄时,薄膜中磁性颗粒以颗粒间交换耦合为主;当软磁层厚度增加时,颗粒间交换耦合减弱,静磁耦合增强,保证了软硬磁相之间的良好磁耦合作用.Co层的加入有效地提高了薄膜的磁性能.     

Magnetic anisotropy induced in the nanocrystalline FeZrN films prepared by oblique-angle magnetron sputtering

Nanocrystalline Fe₇₇Zr₇N₁₆ films are prepared by oblique-angle magnetron sputtering. The effect of the ion beam angle and subsequent annealing on the phase and structural states, the coercive force, the saturation magnetization, the remanent magnetization, and the induced in-plane magnetic anisotropy field has been studied. The possibility of natural ferromagnetic resonance in these films at gigahertz frequencies is estimated.     

An effect of a strong magnetic field on the phase transformation in plain carbon steels

The effect of a magnetic field on the Gibbs free energy of a material depends on its magnetization behaviors. To investigate the change in the Fe-Fe₃C phase diagram caused by a high external magnetic field, the magnetic Gibbs free energies of the phases such as austenite, ferrite, and cementite are calculated on the basis of the molecular field theory. Using the calculated Gibbs free energy as a function of weight percent carbon and temperature at a particular magnetic field, a phase diagram of the Fe-Fe₃C system is drawn. The phase diagram is shifted upward so that the Ac ₁ and Ac ₃ temperatures increase as the magnetic field is applied, but the Ac _m temperature change is almost independent of applied magnetic field value. The increase of eutectoid temperature and composition and its application to microstructural control are discussed.     

Preparation of Nd-Fe-B Magnets by Screen Printing

Magnetic NdFeB thick films were prepared by screen printing a NdFeB-based ink. The films are isotropic and the thickness varied from 30 microns to 1 mm. The printing parameters were optimized with respect to the mechanical and the magnetic properties of the films. After curing at 390 K good adhesive non porous films were obtained. The magnetization of films are 400 emu/cc, the coercive field H_c is 1 Tesla, the B_r is 4 kG and the energy product is 2.7 MGOe (21.5 kJ/m^c). Rotors with those magnetic properties tested in stepper motors with promising efficiency.