新疆胡萝卜籽油脂肪酸GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法从两种新疆胡萝卜籽中提取油脂,并通过GC-MS对两种胡萝卜籽油中的脂肪酸组成及其相对含量进行了分析.结果表明:两种胡萝卜籽油中脂肪酸组成主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,且油酸含量超过75％.     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取樱桃籽油工艺及其脂肪酸分析

目的:响应面法优化樱桃籽油的微波提取工艺并对其脂肪酸进行GC-MS分析,以期优化樱桃子油的最佳提取工艺条件,并对其不饱和脂肪酸含量进行分析,为工业化生产提供依据。方法:使用响应面法优化樱桃籽油的微波辅助提取工艺,采用氢氧化钾-甲醇法对樱桃籽油进行甲酯化,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对樱桃籽油进行脂肪酸组成成分分析。结果:樱桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为微波温度60℃,微波时间7min,料液比1∶15(g/m L),微波功率600W。在此最佳提取条件下,樱桃籽油的提取得率为4.58%。GC-MS共分离出6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、十九烷酸、反-十八碳酸和十八碳二烯酸,其中棕榈酸、亚油酸、反-十八碳酸的含量分别为19.33%、30.48%、42.45%,不饱和脂肪酸总脂肪酸含量为77.87%。结论:樱桃籽油提取的最佳工艺条件为微波温度60℃,微波时间7min,料液比1∶15(g/m L),微波功率600W。GC-MS共分离出6种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总脂肪酸含量为77.87%。     

槟榔籽油提取工艺优化与脂肪酸成分分析

目的:优化槟榔籽油的提取工艺,并分析槟榔籽油的成分。方法:采用传统溶剂法萃取槟榔籽油,对其工艺条件进行优化,并用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对槟榔籽油所含的脂肪酸种类及含量进行测定。结果:槟榔籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度80℃、液料比24:1、提取时间11h,在此条件下油脂提取率可达12.84%。利用GC-MS鉴定出10个组分,占槟榔籽油脂肪酸总量的99.99%,主要含肉豆蔻酸(30.78%)、棕榈酸(19.23%)、油酸(26.86%)和亚油酸(19.56%)。结论:槟榔籽油中饱和脂肪酸达到51.18%,不饱和脂肪酸达到48.81%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的20.10%。     

水酶法提取牡丹籽油的工艺条件优化

采用水酶法从牡丹籽中提取牡丹籽油,并优化了提取工艺参数。试验以牡丹籽油的提取率为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验法,考察酶解温度、酶解p H值、加酶量3个因素对牡丹籽油提取率的影响,优选出最佳提取条件,并通过气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对所提牡丹籽油的脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明,优选出的最佳提取工艺为:酶解温度50℃、酶解p H 7.5、加酶量2.5%,该条件下油脂提取率达42.08%。所提油脂脂肪酸主要含有α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸5种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达92.23%。水酶法提取牡丹籽油条件温和,可减少提取过程中不饱和脂肪酸的损失。     

玫瑰果籽油的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

采用索氏提取法,以石油醚为提取溶剂提取玫瑰果籽油。将玫瑰果籽油酸法甲酯化后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法对玫瑰果籽油成分进行分析。结果表明,玫瑰果籽油得率为11. 61%。玫瑰果籽油脂肪酸含量为71. 27%,其中包括棕榈酸(6. 74%)、硬脂酸(3. 11%)、二十八烷酸(1. 90%)、二十六烷酸(1. 80%)、花生酸(1. 16%)等饱和脂肪酸和亚油酸(27. 19%)、亚麻酸(26. 52%)、2-羟基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(0. 81%)、顺式-13-二十碳烯酸(0. 65%)、油酸(0. 15%)等不饱和脂肪酸。玫瑰果籽油中还检测到菜油甾醇(6. 68%)、γ-生育酚(1. 44%)和γ-谷甾醇(20. 61%)。     

刺梨籽油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

用超临界CO2流体提取刺梨籽油,经甲酯化处理,用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其脂肪酸的组成进行了分析和鉴定,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数。共分离鉴定了10种脂肪酸:含有4种饱和脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的14.91%,其中以棕榈酸(8.54%)、硬脂酸(4.42%)为主;含有6种不饱和脂肪酸,占总脂肪酸总量的83.64%,其中亚油酸(41.68%)、亚麻酸(25.44%)、油酸(12.74%)为主。刺梨籽油可作为一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的功能性油脂,该分析结果可为刺梨籽油的开发利用提供理论依据。     

八角金盘籽油和果油的超声波-微波协同提取及其脂肪酸组成比较

采用微波-超声协同提取法,通过正交优化制备八角金盘籽油和果油,并比较两种油脂的理化特性和脂肪酸组成。结果表明：提取时间90 s、微波功率250 W、液料比10 mL/g 时,籽油出油率为34.43%;提取时间150 s、微波功率250 W、液料比10 mL·g-1 时,果油出油率为11.32%。籽油出油率明显比果油高。两种油脂除碘值外,其他理化指标差异不明显,其理化指标均达到GB / T 2716-2018食用植物油国家标准。籽油的主要脂肪酸为十五碳一烯酸(3.08%)、亚油酸(7.04%)、油酸(87.42%),其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为98.64%;果油的主要脂肪酸为花生酸(0.96%)、亚麻酸(1.71%)、硬脂酸(3.25%)、棕榈酸(5.08%)、油酸(25.96%)、亚油酸(61.61%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.52%。本研究为八角金盘油脂的开发利用提供了科学依据和技术参考。     

新疆野蔷薇种子油的脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声辅助提取法提取野蔷薇种子油,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术对油脂进行脂肪酸组成分析.结果表明:野蔷薇种子油中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量的92.41%;主要成分棕榈酸占5.88%,油酸占12.39%,亚油酸占56.52%,亚麻酸占23.50% .     

三种洋葱籽脂肪酸成分的对比研究

采用索氏提取法提取洋葱籽油脂肪酸,提取出的脂肪酸经甲酯化处理后用GC/MS法分析和鉴定其组成。三种洋葱籽油中共分离鉴定出23种脂肪酸,主要成分均为亚油酸、油酸和十六烷酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量的81.35%(白皮)、82.8%(红皮)和78.94%(黄皮)。结果表明,洋葱籽中不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,且亚油酸含量很高,将其开发成为药食两用功能性调味品,当具有良好应用前景。     

葫芦巴油脂提取工艺优化与脂肪酸成分分析

采用正己烷萃取葫芦巴油脂,用单因素试验和正交试验法对其提取工艺条件进行优化,并用气相色谱-质谱法(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对葫芦巴油脂所含的脂肪酸种类及含量进行分析测定。试验结果表明,葫芦巴油脂最佳提取工艺条件为:温度70℃、提取时间2.5 h、液料比25︰1 mL/g。在此条件下葫芦巴油脂提取率达7.68%。利用GC-MS鉴定出9种脂肪酸,其中主要有4种脂肪酸,分别是亚油酸(38.90%)、亚麻酸(27.32%)、油酸(15.62%)和棕榈酸(9.83%)。饱和脂肪酸含量为16.88%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为83.12%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量为16.90%,二不饱和脂肪酸含量为38.90%,三不饱和脂肪酸含量为27.32%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.