不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件对比

通过应用单因素和正交实验设计,对马可波罗和青岛大花中α-酸的微波萃取工艺进行了优化,并比较了两者最佳工艺条件的异同。马可波罗α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间20s、微波功率267W、浸泡时间30min、料液比1:25,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>微波功率>料液比>浸泡时间;青岛大花α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间15s、微波功率为267W、浸泡时间为30min、料液比为1:15,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>料液比>微波功率>浸泡时间。结果表明:两个品种的最佳萃取工艺条件中仅微波功率参数、浸泡时间参数相同,而微波功率、料液比的主次影响顺序不同。由此得出,不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件不能混用,而关于啤酒花α-酸微波萃取工艺的研究,很有必要针对不同品种来进行。     

不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件对比

通过应用单因素和正交实验设计,对马可波罗和青岛大花中α-酸的微波萃取工艺进行了优化,并比较了两者最佳工艺条件的异同。马可波罗α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间20s、微波功率267W、浸泡时间30min、料液比1:25,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>微波功率>料液比>浸泡时间;青岛大花α-酸微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为微波时间15s、微波功率为267W、浸泡时间为30min、料液比为1:15,影响因素的主次顺序为微波时间>料液比>微波功率>浸泡时间。结果表明:两个品种的最佳萃取工艺条件中仅微波功率参数、浸泡时间参数相同,而微波功率、料液比的主次影响顺序不同。由此得出,不同品种啤酒花中α-酸的微波萃取最佳工艺条件不能混用,而关于啤酒花α-酸微波萃取工艺的研究,很有必要针对不同品种来进行。      

草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白酸酶分步提取工艺研究

为实现鱼鳞胶原蛋白的高效提取,在优化脱钙、混酸法和酶法提取工艺基础上,对鱼鳞胶原蛋白的酸酶进行分步提取。研究发现,鱼鳞最佳脱钙工艺为料液比8:100(g/mL),盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L,反应时间1.0 h,反应温度20℃;混合酸法提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白的最佳条件为醋酸料液比1:12(g/mL),柠檬酸料液比1:10(g/mL),乳酸料液比1:12(g/mL),即混合酸料液比为1:34(g/mL),其中,0.8 mol/L柠檬酸、1 mol/L乳酸、0.8 mol/L醋酸的体积比为6:5:6,提取时间2 d,胶原蛋白的提取率为48.14%;最佳酶法提取条件为胃蛋白酶用量450 U/g,提取温度30℃,提取时间72 h,该条件下提取率为45.26%。酸酶耦合法优于单一方法或同种方法两次提取的效果,可实现酸溶性和酶溶性胶原蛋白的连续提取,先酸后酶法胶原蛋白的提取率达84.61%,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳发现其为Ⅰ型胶原蛋。     

碱溶酸沉法提取桑椹籽蛋白质的工艺优化

采用单因素试验、正交试验、方差分析和多重比较方法,研究了不同因素对桑椹籽蛋白质提取的影响,确定了碱溶酸沉法提取桑椹籽蛋白质的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,桑椹籽中蛋白质的等电点(pI)为4.3;影响桑椹籽蛋白质得率的主次因素依次为料液比(g/mL)、提取时间、NaOH溶液浓度及提取温度;碱溶酸沉法提取桑椹籽蛋白质的最佳工艺参数为:NaOH溶液浓度0.14 mol/L,料液比1∶30,提取温度40℃,提取时间2.0 h。在此条件下,桑椹籽中蛋白质的提取率可达25.37%。     

微波辅助-碱溶酸沉法提取豌豆分离蛋白

考察微波辅助碱溶酸沉法提取豌豆分离蛋白的主要影响因素。同时采用微波改进的提取工艺与传统工艺进行比较,微波辅助提取工艺后蛋白质的提取率明显要高于传统工艺。传统的碱溶酸沉工艺提取豌豆分离蛋白的最佳工艺为:料液比1:25、提取时间50min、pH值9.0、提取温度40℃。在此提取条件下豌豆分离蛋白的含量为17.30g/100g。微波辅助提取豌豆分离蛋白质的最佳工艺为:微波时间6min、微波功率300W、料液比1:20,在此提取条件下,蛋白质的含量可以达到19.44g/100g。     

异构酒花浸膏中异α-酸氢化工艺优化

采用单因素筛选试验考察了氢化温度、pH值、氢气压力、氢化时间、催化剂用量、浸膏中异α-酸浓度对异α-酸氢化的影响。再利用Plackett-Burman设计研究了各因素对异α-酸氢化的影响。结果表明,底物异α-酸浓度、氢气压力和pH对异α-酸酒花浸膏氢化效果影响显著;在此基础上,采用L9(34)正交设计法对影响异α-酸酒花浸膏氢化的3个主要因素异α-酸浓度、氢气压力、pH进行了参数优化试验。结果表明,影响异α-酸酒花浸膏氢化的主次因素顺序为异α-酸浓度>氢气压力>pH值,异α-酸氢化的最佳工艺参数为:异α-酸的浓度55mg/mL,氢气压力0.2 MPa,pH值10,催化剂Pb/C用量3%,氢化时间4h。浸膏中四氢异α-酸的浓度达到58.89%,异α-酸氢化转化率达到89.73%。     

裸燕麦β-葡聚糖的提取工艺及其理化性质研究

以山西高寒地区裸燕麦为原料,采用碱法提取β-葡聚糖。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化燕麦全粉β-葡聚糖的提取工艺。结果表明:各因素对β-葡聚糖得率的影响顺序为pH值>提取时间>提取温度>液料比。最优工艺条件为提取液p H10.9,提取时间1.9 h,液料比21∶1(mL/g),提取温度85℃,在此工艺条件下,β-葡聚糖的得率为4.36%,接近响应面预测值。在最优条件下,测得β-葡聚糖的持水力为(2.30±0.04)g/g,乳化性为(87.47±2.10)%,乳化稳定性为(91.24±0.05)%。     

新型抑菌剂六氢-β-酸的合成工艺研究

β-酸是啤酒花软树脂中的一个重要组分,具有明显的抑菌作用,但其稳定性较差。β-酸的氢化衍生物六氢β-酸具有更明显的抗菌及抗癌的作用,是一种非常有应用前景的天然来源的抑菌防腐剂。文章通过单因素实验考察了溶剂、温度、氢气压力、反应体系的pH、Pd/C催化剂的使用量等对β-酸氢化合成六氢β-酸的反应收率的影响,实验结果表明:乙醇溶液是最理想的反应溶剂,在H2压力0.4～0.6MPa,乙醇浓度90%～95%,温度40～60℃,KOH（10%）的用量为1%～2%的条件下,Pd/C催化剂（10%）量为10%时,六氢β-酸的反应收率可达85%以上。      

酒花α-酸和β-酸高效液相色谱分析方法的研究及应用

时高效液相色谱法分离酒花中α-酸和β-酸的色谱条件进行了优化,并对合葎草酮和本草酮+加葎草酮,以及合蛇麻酮和蛇麻酮+加蛇麻酮进行了定量,确定了色谱条件,并时该方法的精密度和准确度进行了验证.同时应用该方法,对颗粒酒花储藏期间α-酸和β-酸各组分的变化进行了分析,并结合酒花储藏指数(HSI)的变化,从而时储藏期间酒花在生产中的应用提供了指导.     

响应面法优化高纯度石榴酸制备工艺

以石榴籽油为原料,以石榴酸纯度和回收率为指标,研究低温结晶纯化石榴酸的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面试验优化高纯度石榴酸制备工艺,确定最佳工艺条件为:溶剂为丙酮+乙腈(2︰1)、结晶温度-20℃,料液比1︰6(g/mL),结晶时间26 h,该条件下晶体回收率90.3%,石榴酸纯度从72.9%提升到93.7%。在最优工艺下进行二次结晶,石榴酸的纯度进一步提高到97.2%。试验结果可为探究石榴酸生理功能及把石榴酸作为功能因子推广应用奠定基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the