一种适用于0.8VCMOS助听器的电流模前馈增益控制系统

摘要：本文介绍了一种适用于助听器前端系统的电流模前馈增益控制系统。和传统自动增益控制系统相比,电流模前馈增益控制通过数字增益控制码来实现前端系统总谐波失真的显著降低。为了从麦克风微弱的输出信号中得到数字控制码, 本文提出了用电流模实现的整流电路和电流模状态控制电路.该设计基于0.13微米CMOS工艺. 测试表明芯片可工作于0.6V的电源电压.在电源电压为0.8V下, 输出摆幅500mVp-p的信号总谐波失真在0.06% (-64dB)以下, 且功耗控制在40uW以内.另外,系统的等效输入噪声达到4uVrms,最大增益保持在33dB.     

一种用于1V助听器的低功耗增益控制系统

文中提出了一种用于助听器的低功耗增益控制系统.与传统增益控制系统相比,利用两个MRC电路模块同时实现了自动增益控制和指数增益控制功能,有效地降低了系统功耗.同时为了解决传统设计方法在声音压缩工作状态下功耗增加的问题,提出了一种高效增益控制电路,实现了系统从非压缩状态转到压缩状态时,系统功耗的显著降低.该系统在特许半导体公司0.13μm标准CMOS工艺下流片实现,芯片在1V电源电压下的测试结果表明,芯片的功耗控制在45μW以内,且在600mVp-p输出摆幅下的总谐波失真仅为0.3%.     

一种用于数字助听器SoC的高性能低功耗、可配置自动增益控制环路

A low-power,configurable auto-gain control loop for a digital hearing aid system on a chip(SoC) is presented.By adopting a mixed-signal feedback control structure and peak detection and judgment,it can work in automatic gain or variable gain control modes through a digital signal processing unit.A noise-reduction and dynamic range(DR) improvement technique is also used to ensure the DR of the circuit in a low-voltage supply.The circuit is implemented in an SMIC 0.13 μm 1P8M CMOS process.The measurement results show that in a 1 V power supply,1.6 kHz input frequency and 200 mVp-p,the SFDR is 74.3 dB,the THD is 66.1 dB,and the total power is 89 μW,meeting the application requirements of hearing aid SoCs.     

A 1.4-V 48-μW current-mode front-end circuit for analog hearing aids with frequency compensation

正A current-mode front-end circuit with low voltage and low power for analog hearing aids is presented. The circuit consists of a current-mode AGC(automatic gain control) and a current-mode adaptive filter.Compared with its conventional voltage-mode counterparts,the proposed front-end circuit has the identified features of frequency compensation based on the state space theory and continuous gain with an exponential characteristic.The frequency compensation which appears only in the DSP unit of the digital hearing aid can upgrade the performance of the analog hearing aid in the field of low-frequency hearing loss.The continuous gain should meet the requirement of any input amplitude level,while its exponential characteristic leads to a large input dynamic range in accordance with the dB SPL(sound pressure level).Furthermore,the front-end circuit also provides a discrete knee point and discrete compression ratio to allow for high calibration flexibility.These features can accommodate users whose ears have different pain thresholds.Taking advantage of the current-mode technique,the MOS transistors work in the subthreshold region so that the quiescent current is small.Moreover,the input current can be compressed to a low voltage signal for processing according to the compression principle from the current-domain to the voltage-domain.Therefore,the objective of low voltage and low power(48μW at 1.4 V) can be easily achieved in a high threshold-voltage CMOS process of 0.35μm(V_(TON) + |V_(TOP)|≈1.35 V).The THD is below -45 dB.The fabricated chip only occupies the area of 1×0.5 mm~2 and 1×1 mm~2.     

具有频率补偿功能的1.4 V 48μW模拟助听器电流模结构前端电路

文中实现了一款低电压低功耗的可用于模拟助听器的电流模结构前端电路。此电路主要由电流模结构自动增益控制器和电流模结构滤波器组成。与传统的前端电路相比,文中提出的前端电路具有频率补偿功能和呈指数特性的连续增益。频率补偿一般只在数字助听器中出现,且只能通过DSP电路实现。文中电路的频率补偿基于状态空间理论,虽然不能如数字助听器一样实现对各频段听力损失的补偿,但可实现常见低频听力缺陷患者的听力补偿。连续增益可调节各种程度的输入信号,且其指数特性可以和声学中的声强衡量标准dB SPL相一致,避免了输出信号的急剧变化,提高了聆听舒适度。此前端电路可提供不同的离散压缩拐点和压缩比,从而可以适应各种听觉疼痛阈值的患者。在电流模结构中,关键MOS管均工作于亚阈值区,静态电流很小,且由于电流模技术具有的压缩特性,输入的电流信号被呈对数比例压缩为较低的电压信号。因此,低电压低功耗(48μW@1.4V)的前端电路较容易在高阈值电压的0.35μm CMOS工艺(V_TON |V_TOP|≈1.35V)中实现。整个电路的THD低于-45dB。芯片面积约为1 ? 0.5 mm₂ 和 1 ? 1 mm₂。     

面向助听器应用的低功耗自动增益控制环路

自动增益控制环路是由可变增益放大器和负反馈回路构成的闭环系统,被广泛应用于助听器、磁盘驱动电路及各类无线通信电路.采用SMIC 0.13 μm 1P8M CMOS工艺,设计了一款用于助听器SOC的低功耗自动增益控制环路.该电路采用数字反馈回路进行增益控制.后仿真结果表明,在1V电源电压下,输入信号为8 kHz,输出信号峰峰值为126mV时,电路的无杂散动态范围为68.415dB,总谐波失真为68.397dB,整体功耗为290 μW,满足助听器SOC的应用需求.     

低功耗、高线性度的电流模可编程增益放大器

本文设计了一种电流模式下,带电流模直流失调消除（DCOC）电路的class-AB的可编程增益放大器。电路基于电流放大器,可以实现40dB的增益动态范围,增益步长为1dB。电流模可编程增益放大器由0.18-μm CMOS工艺实现,电路具有较宽的电流增益范围、较低的直流功耗和较小的芯片面积。放大器电路芯片面积为0.099μm2,在1.8V电压下静态电流为2.52mA。测试结果表明电路增益范围为10dB到50dB,增益误差为±0.40dB,OP1dB为11.80dBm到13.71dBm,3dB带宽为22.2MHz到34.7MHz。     

GaN基雪崩光电二极管及其研究进展

越来越多的民用与军事对高灵敏度紫外探测的需求促进了GaN基雪崩光电二极管（APD）的快速发展。雪崩光电二极管工作在高反偏电压状态,器件内部载流子在高场下发生碰撞离化,从而使探测信号产生增益。首先对GaN基雪崩光电二极管的研究进展进行了回顾,然后重点报道了器件的增益最大可达3105,介绍了本征层厚度与器件暗电流的关系,简单介绍了正在组建的基于相敏探测的交流增益测试系统,并研究了过剩噪声与调制频率之间的关系,发现在低频波段（30~2kHz）,过剩噪声呈现1/f噪声特性。最后,对盖革模式的雪崩光电二极管的研究进展及应用前景进行了简单介绍。     

基于电流型控制的LED恒流源分析与设计

设计了一种输出功率约50W的LED恒流源驱动模块, 其负载为由多只LED管(每只功率为1W)采用混联方式组成的LED阵列。通过对其电流型反激式变换及恒流控制电路的设计与试制, 并在不同输入电压下, 改变负载测试, 可看出其电流变化规律基本相似。随着负载变小, 输出电压升高, 输出电流逐渐减小, 输出电流稳定度达4.6%。在一定负载时, 输出电压值保持在47.2V左右, 电压纹波峰-峰值约为400mV。电流波动约0.05A, 输出电流稳定可靠, 可用于对多只串并混联的LED阵列驱动供电。     

基于电流型控制的LED恒流源分析与设计

设计了一种输出功率约50W的LED恒流源驱动模块,其负载为由多只LED管(每只功率为1W)采用混联方式组成的LED阵列。通过对其电流型反激式变换及恒流控制电路的设计与试制,并在不同输入电压下,改变负载测试,可看出其电流变化规律基本相似。随着负载变小,输出电压升高,输出电流逐渐减小,输出电流稳定度达4.6%。在一定负载时,输出电压值保持在47.2V左右,电压纹波峰-峰值约为400mV。电流波动约0.05A,输出电流稳定可靠,可用于对多只串并混联的LED阵列驱动供电。     

电流检测HEXFET在电流控制型开关电源中的应用研究

经济、实用的电流检测方法是电流控制型开关电源的关键，本文探讨ＨＥＸＦＥＴ在电流控制型开关电源中的应用，比传统的串联电阻器法，变流器法有明显的优点，并给出了实验电路。     

多通道数字助听器算法及低功耗VLSI设计

改进了多通道数字助听器中的听力补偿和噪声消除算法,并进行了低功耗VLSI设计.听力补偿方面,提出一种改进的多通道宽动态范围压缩(WDRC)算法;该方法降低了存储和计算开销,并抑制了对残余背景噪音的过度放大.噪声消除方面,利用语音谱和噪声谱的帧间相关性,改进了传统的多子带谱相减算法,使之在硬件实现时便于并行运算,同时不影响消噪性能.最后,综合采用多种低功耗设计方法,在SMIC的130nm工艺条件下,完成了基于上述算法的多通道数字助听器VLSI设计.后仿结果表明,该设计总功耗仅为228μW.     

应用于助听器的带限NLMS反馈抑制算法及硬件实现

文中提出了一种应用于数字助听器的基于前置高通滤波的带限NLMS(Band-limited Normalized Least-Mean-Square)自适应反馈抑制算法.与传统NLMS算法相比,该算法通过前置滤波器滤除输入信号中不可能产生自激振荡的频率部分,提高了算法性能.仿真结果表明,在降低系统失准系数(WEVN),提高收敛稳定性和提升反馈信号抑制比(SFR)等方面都有显著改善.此外,文中给出了该算法的硬件实现架构.在系统1MHz工作频率条件下,该模块后仿功耗仅为127μW.     

一种基于共振峰提取的多通道响度补偿算法

共振峰是语音信号的一个重要特征,对提高耳聋患者的语言识别率具有重要意义。然而,目前数字助听器领域常用的响度补偿算法（多通道响度补偿和宽动态压缩）均对共振峰结构具有一定的破坏性,对患者听懂语音十分不利。本文结合共振峰检测,提出一种基于共振峰提取的多通道响度补偿算法,在原有多通道响度补偿的基础上,通过对滤波器组的重新设计并加入共振峰提取模块对共振峰予以保护。仿真结果证明,该算法对4类常见患耳均能达到满意的补偿效果,同时,与多通道响度补偿和宽动态压缩两种方法比较,该算法在保护共振峰结构完整性方面性能更优。      

一种基于前端和后端模块精度优化的助听器系统芯片*

A hearing aid on-chip system based on accuracy optimized front- and back-end blocks is presented for enhancing the signal processing accuracy of the hearing aid. Compared with the conventional system, the accuracy optimized system is characterized by the dual feedback network and the gain compensation technique used in the front-andback-endblocks,respectively,soastoalleviatethenonlinearitydistortioncausedbytheoutputswing.By usingthetechnique,theaccuracyofthewholehearingaidsystemcanbesignificantlyimproved.Theprototypechip has been designed with a 0.13 m standard CMOS process and tested with 1 V supply voltage. The measurement results show that, for driving a 16 loudspeaker with a normalized output level of 300 mV p-p, the total harmonic distortion reached about60 dB, achieving at least three times reduction compared to the previously reported works. In addition, the typical input referred noise is only about 5 υV rms.     

六开关三相Boost型整流器的电压滑模控制

三相PWM整流器功率因数校正实现的关键在于如何得到与输入电压同相位的输入电流,同时要保证当负载变化时,输出电压能够迅速地跟踪参考值并且稳定下来。首先根据六开关三相boost型整流器的物理模型,分别建立了以电感电流和电容电压为状态向量的数学方程,然后把静止三相坐标转换到旋转d-q坐标下进行电流内环的滞环控制,电压外环的滑模控制。通过仿真,表明该控制方法具有较强的鲁棒性和良好的动态特性,输入电流谐波较小。     

数字助听器发展现状及其算法综述

首先简要介绍了数字助听器的发展现状,然后分析和比较了数字助听器信号处理算法中的三类比较重要的算法,多通道频响补偿、噪声抑制和反馈消除,最后展望了数字助听器发展趋势。     

一种平均电流模式控制的单电感双输出型开关电源转换器

An integrated single-inductor dual-output （SIDO） switching DC-DC converter is presented. The outputs are specified with 1.2 V/400 mA and 1.8 V/200 mA. A decoupling small signal model is proposed to analyze the multi-loop system and to design the on-chip compensators. An average current control mode is introduced with lossless, continuous current detection. The converter has been fabricated in a 0.25μm 2P4M CMOS process. The power efficiency is 86% at a total output power of 840 mW while the output ripples are about 40 mV at an oscillator frequency of 600 kHz.     

A Low‐Voltage High‐Performance CMOS Feedforward AGC Circuit for Wideband Wireless Receivers

Wireless communication systems, such as WLAN or Bluetooth receivers, employ preamble data to estimate the channel characteristics, introducing stringent settling‐time constraints. This makes the use of traditional closed‐loop feedback automatic gain control (AGC) circuits impractical for these applications. In this paper, a compact feedforward AGC circuit is proposed to obtain a fast‐settling response. The AGC has been implemented in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology. Supplied at 1.8 V, it operates with a power consumption of 1.6 mW at frequencies as high as 100 MHz, while its gain ranges from 0 dB to 21 dB in 3 dB steps through a digital word. The settling time of the circuit is below 0.25 μs.