丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶

探讨了丁腈橡胶(NBR)中的结合丙烯腈质量分数、NBR／聚氯乙烯(PVC)(质量比,下同)、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)用量、PVC聚合度对NBR／PVC共混胶性能的影响,研究了NBR／低聚合度PVC共混胶的力学性能及加工流动性能。结果表明,随着NBR中结合丙烯腈质量分数的增加,NBR／PVC共混胶的耐油性能明显增强,力学性能也相应有所改善;NBR／PVC为80／20～60／40时．NBR／PVC共混胶的综合性能较好;DOP用量对NBR／PVC共混胶性能的影响不大;聚合度为700的PVC更适合于生产NBR／PVC共混胶,其力学性能、加工流动性能、耐老化性能与德国Bayer公司生产的牌号为Perbunan NT／VC3470B的NBR／PVC共混胶相当。     

影响NBR/PVC共混硫化胶性能因素的研究

系统研究了影响丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)共混胶性能的主要因素,包括PVC塑化温度、增塑剂用量、橡塑比、PVC的聚合度、NBR的丙烯腈质量分数。研究结果表明,塑化温度在160℃、增塑剂用量为20份、橡塑比为60/40~70/30时,NBR/PVC共混硫化胶综合性能较好。随着PVC聚合度的提高,NBR/PVC共混硫化胶力学性能得到提高;NBR中丙烯腈含量的增大有利于NBR/PVC共混硫化胶性能的提高。     

NBR/PVC TPV与NBR/PVC共混胶的性能对比研究

以丁腈橡胶(NBR)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂为基础材料,采用动态硫化和熔融共混的方法分别制备了NBR/PVC动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV)与NBR/PVC共混胶,并对TPV和共混胶的高温拉伸性、耐热空气老化性、耐油性以及动态力学性能进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,室温下,NBR/PVC TPV的拉伸强度高于共混胶的;温度高于50℃时,共混胶的拉伸强度则高于TPV的。在测试温度下,NBR/PVC TPV的断裂伸长率始终低于共混胶,两种材料在120℃时都失去使用价值。NBR/PVC TPV的耐热空气老化性能和耐3#标准油性能优于NBR/PVC共混胶的。NBR/PVC TPV初始弹性模量较高,共混胶的损耗因子峰值高于TPV的,两种材料损耗因子峰值温度基本相同。     

炭黑/酚醛树脂增强丁腈橡胶/氯丁橡胶并用胶的性能

采用炭黑与酚醛树脂复合增强体系对丁腈橡胶/氯丁橡胶(NBR/CR)并用胶进行增强,研究了其用量对并用胶硫化特性、力学性能及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,保持炭黑与树脂总量不变,用酚醛树脂代替部分炭黑后,NBR/CR并用胶的加工性能提高,硫化速率降低,硫化时间延长。当酚醛树脂代替10份炭黑时,并用硫化胶的拉伸强度最大,说明炭黑与树脂具有协同作用。树脂用量相同时,随着炭黑用量的增加,NBR/CR并用硫化胶的Payne效应增强。     

官能化高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶与丁腈橡胶共混胶的性能

以氢化钠为活性剂、马来酸酐为改性剂,通过负离子反应对高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶(HVBR)进行官能化改性制备了官能化HVBR(FHVBR)。考察了FHVBR与丁腈橡胶(NBR)共混的质量比对FHVBR/NBR共混胶硫化特性、力学性能、耐热氧老化性能和电性能的影响,并通过差示扫描量热仪和扫描电子显微镜探讨了共混胶的两相相容性。结果表明,随着NBR用量的增加,FHVBR/NBR共混胶的硫化时间缩短、硫化效率提高,定伸应力和硬度增大,耐老化性能得以改善。NBR用量的增加使得FHVBR/NBR共混胶对不同频率下的微波吸收能力增强,共混胶的电阻率下降,导电性增强。然而,NBR用量增加导致共混胶的拉伸强度略有下降。     

NBR/PVC共混工艺及共混胶性能研究

本工作采用高温密炼机对丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)进行共混。根据共混工艺条件的不同,对共混胶的力学性能、相态分布和加工行为作了考察。结果表明,NBR/PVC共混硫化胶具有突出的耐油、耐臭氧老化性能,拉伸强度、定伸强渡和撕裂强度也较NBR有所提高。     

NBR/PVC乳液共沉合金的制备与性能

丁腈橡胶（NBR）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混合金是橡塑共混体系中一类重要的共混体系,NBR和PVC都属于极性聚合物,在共混过程中,相容性较好,因此这种体系被广为研究和应用。但此方法是选用粉末丁腈胶直接加入PVC中进行混炼共混,仍然存在共混不均匀的问题。本实验用乳液共混凝聚法制备了NBR/PVC共沉胶,研究了共沉工艺条件、丁腈胶种类与性能对NBR/PVC合金性能影响。     

增塑PVC/NBR共混胶的辐照改性

以三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯（TMPTA）单体为交联敏化剂，采用电子束对聚氯乙烯（PVC）与丁腈橡胶（NBR）的共混胶进行了辐照改性。研究结果表明，对增塑PVC/NBR共混胶进行辐照改性，可以大大提高共混胶的力学性能及耐热性能。     

高性能丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯汽车油管胶料的研制

采用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)作主交联剂、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)作助交联剂硫化丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)共混胶以制备汽车油管胶料,研究了TAIC用量对胶料的硫化特性、压缩永久变形、力学性能、耐溶剂性能、耐热老化性能以及耐臭氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,随着TAIC用量的增加,共混胶料的正硫化时间逐渐缩短,硫化速率逐渐加快,交联效率提高,最大转矩增加;同时共混胶的硬度和拉伸强度逐渐增大,扯断伸长率减小,其压缩永久变形、耐溶剂、耐热老化以及耐臭氧老化性能则呈现不同的变化。当DCP用量为3.5份、TAIC用量为3份时,NBR/PVC共混硫化胶的综合性能最好。     

炭黑用量及偏析行为对NBR/ACM共混胶性能的影响

研究了炭黑用量对丁腈橡胶(NBR)与丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)补强效果的影响,以及炭黑在NBR/ACM共混胶中的偏析行为。结果表明随炭黑用量的增大,NBR与ACM硫化速率加快、转矩差值增大,ACM的最大转矩与最小转矩与之差及损耗因子变化率比NBR大。炭黑用量的增加对ACM硬度及模量的影响较大,对NBR拉断强度及扯断伸长率影响较大。在NBR/ACM共混胶中炭黑向NBR中偏析,先向ACM中加入炭黑再与NBR共混能减小偏析现象。采用NBR加炭黑工艺得到的共混胶具有高模量和低伸长率的特点,采用ACM加炭黑工艺的共混胶具有低模量和高伸长率的特点。     

Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on morphology and mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blends

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer based on Nitrile butadiene-rubber (NBR)/PVC with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (f-SWNTs) and non-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were prepared using a brabender internal mixer. Effects of two types of SWNTs (functionalized and non-functionalized) on morphology and mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blends were studied. Results showed that the mechanical properties of NBR/PVC/SWNTs nanocomposites improved with the increasing of SWNTs content and in particular with the increase of f-SWNTs content. Moreover, the enhancement of mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blends reinforced with functionalized SWNT was higher than that of NBR/PVC blends with non-functionalized SWNT. Dispersion of SWNTs and morphology of NBR/PVC/SWNT nanocomposites were determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. TEM images illustrated that f-SWNTs were dispersed uniformly in NBR/PVC matrix while non-functionalized SWNTs showed much aggregation. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of NBR/PVC/SWNTs nanocomposites was also studied. The outcomes indicated that in the case of f-SWNTs, the intensity of tan ?? peak was lower than that in the case of non-functionalized SWNTs. Meanwhile, the intensity of tan ?? peak reduced when the content of f-SWNTs was increased.     

改性矿物填料增强橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混体系

研究了橡胶、增塑剂、矿物填料和表面处理剂对橡胶／聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混物力学性能的影响,用扫描电镜分析了有机胺类表面处理剂改性高岭土／丁腈橡胶(NBR)／PVC的界面结合状况。结果表明,当NBR用量为30份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯用量为60份,有机胺类表面处理剂质量分数为3％,填充60份的超细碳酸钙或高岭土或牌号为SMF的蒙脱土时,可得到力学性能较佳的NBR／PVC共混物;不同矿物填料对NBR／PVC共混物的增强作用不同,经有机胺类表面处理剂改性后,以超细碳酸钙、高岭土和蒙脱土SMF的增强效果最为明显。     

丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混物的阻尼性能

考察了丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混物中硫化体系、炭黑种类、增塑剂用量及组分比对材料阻尼性能的影响.结果表明,丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混物的交联密度增大,其损耗因子峰向高温方向移动,峰值升高,损耗因子不小于0.5的温度区域变窄;相比高耐磨炭黑而言,用半增强炭黑作填料可使丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混物呈现更好的阻尼性能;随着增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯用量的增加,共混物的损耗因子峰值升高,但该峰向低温方向移动;丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混物(质量比为70/30)的损耗因子不小于0.5的阻尼温域相对较宽,适用于常温,且力学性能较好.     

环氧树脂增强天然橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胶的性能

采用低相对分子质量的液体环氧树脂(EP)与固化剂混合作为增强体的前驱体,比较了其填充天然橡胶(NR)、顺丁橡胶(BR)及两者并用胶的物理机械性能,考察了EP用量对并用胶及炭黑增强并用胶物理机械性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜表征了填充后的NR、BR及并用胶的微观相态结构。结果表明,EP的加入均可提高NR、BR、NR/BR并用胶的物理机械性能,其中并用胶的拉伸强度提高幅度最大;当EP用量约为24份时,NR/BR并用胶的综合性能最佳;EP可以提高炭黑增强NR/BR并用胶的物理机械性能,但提高幅度不大;EP在NR/BR并用胶中呈现规整的圆球形状,直径为1.0～2.5μm。     

丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯/受阻酚AO-60共混物的结构与性能

用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射法、扫描电子显微镜及元素分析法分析了丁腈橡胶(NBR)/聚氯乙烯(PVC)/四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(AO-60)共混物的结构,并研究了共混物的阻尼性能及力学性能。结果表明,当AO-60用量小于50份时,其分子在基体中以非晶态形式存在;当AO-60用量超过50份时,过量的AO-60形成聚集体并在基体中形成少量的晶体;NBR/PVC/AO-60共混物内部呈现“海相-岛相”结构,连续相主要是NBR,而分散相主要是PVC与AO-60分子。NBR/PVC/AO-60共混物的损耗因子-温度曲线呈双峰特征,且随着AO-60用量的增加,峰值明显增大。当AO-60用量为50份时,NBR/PVC/AO-60共混物的综合力学性能较佳。     

Studies on conductivity of nitrile rubber and its blends with NR,EPDM, and PVC

Abstract

Nitrile/butadiene rubber has been made electrically conducting by the incorporation of acetylene black. The change in conductivity and mechanical properties with varying amounts of acetylene black was studied. Nitrile rubber was blended with NR, PVC, and EPDM and their conductivity and mechanical properties were determined after incorporation of acetylene black. On comparison it was found that NBR-NR blends are more conducting than NBR-PVC and NBR-EPDM blends. Blends of NBR-NR containing varying amounts of NR and NBR were prepared with the same amount of acetylene black, and their properties were also studied. A blend of 80:20 NBR/NR was studied in detail by varying the concentration of acetylene black. It was found that electrical conductivity depends on the degree of dispersion of acetylene black in the polymer matrix.     

黑液-蒙脱土/聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶热塑性弹性体的制备及性能研究

采用蒙脱土对造纸黑液中的木质素进行絮凝沉淀,制备黑液-蒙脱土复合物(BL-MMT),然后将其应用于聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶(PVC/NBR)热塑性弹性体,并对其力学性能、耐老化性能及热降解性能进行测试。结果表明:随着BL-MMT中木质素蒙脱土比例增大,热塑性弹性体力学性能先增大后减小,适宜配比m(木质素)∶m(蒙脱土)=1∶1。BL-MMT份数增大,热塑性弹性体力学性能先增大后减小,20份时出现最大值。BL-MMT填充的PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体与添加炭黑和碳酸钙相比,力学性能和热性能相当,而耐老化性能更为优越。黑液-蒙脱土复合物可望用作PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体的补强剂。     

Swelling and mechanical properties of (acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber)/(hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber) blends with precipitated silica filled in gasohol fuels

This work studied the effects of hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR) and precipitated silica (PSi) loadings in acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with 60 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of carbon black (CB) for oil‐resistant seal applications in contact with gasohol fuel. The cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and swelling behavior of HNBR/NBR blends reinforced with PSi before and after immersion in ethanol‐based oils (E10, E20, and E85) were then monitored. This work studied the effects of PSi loading in rubber compounds on the mechanical properties of the rubber blends. The results suggested that the scorch time of CB‐filled NBR/HNBR was not affected by HNBR loading, but the cure time, Mooney viscosity, and torque difference increased with HNBR content. The swelling of the blends in E85 oil were relatively low compared with those in E10 and E20 oils. The recommended NBR/HNBR blend ratio for oil‐resistant applications was 50/50. Tensile strength and elongation at break before and after immersion in gasohol oils increased with HNBR loading, and the opposite effect was found for tensile modulus and hardness. PSi filler had no effect on scorch time, but decreased the cure time of the blends. The swelling level of the blends slightly decreased with increasing PSi content. The recommended silica content for optimum reinforcement for black‐filled NBR/HNBR blend at 50/50 was 30 phr. The results in this work suggested that NBR/HNBR blends reinforced with 60 phr of CB and 30 phr of silica could be potentially used for rubber seals in contact with gasohol fuels. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:239–246, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers