煤化工产业与二氧化碳地质封存

CO2在地下深部封存可有效减少燃烧化石燃料产生的温室气体向大气层的排放。然而,现在碳捕集成本高、能耗大,在CO2捕集与封存(CCS)链条中碳捕集成本占60%,成为实施CCS的瓶颈。煤化工厂排放高浓度CO2可能为中国实现全链条的CCS提供早期的机会。目前经过国家发改委批准的煤化工企业排放的高浓度CO2总量已达亿吨规模,如果这些企业能够实现CO2封存,对于中国减少温室气体排放将具有重要意义。中国的沉积盆地拥有适合CO2地质封存的储盖层组合,其中有些油田适合利用CO2驱油来提高石油采收率(EOR),高浓度CO2排放源靠近封存场地将有效减少运输成本和工程操作的复杂性。高浓度CO2气源与EOR或深部咸水层封存的耦合将给中国提供在全球率先实现碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)的机会。     

二氧化碳捕集、封存与利用技术应用状况

总结了CO2捕集、封存与利用技术的研究进展和应用状况.到2020年统计截止时,全球投运的CCS设施每年可捕集和封存约3844万吨CO2,预计在2030前投运的在建、拟建CCS设施每年可捕集和封存约7491万吨CO2.目前全球CCS设施的产能主要集中在美国(55.0％).CCS设施主要用于天然气、制氢、发电和化工生产行业...     

低成本捕集：二氧化碳利用第一关

碳捕集和埋存技术（CCS）可以将原本被排放到大气中90％的二氧化碳安全地捕集并埋存于地下,已被公认为大规模开发低碳能源和可持续性使用化石燃料的关键。CCS也因此成为当今各国研究的热点。在近日召开的第十届中国科协年会上,专家们指出,二氧化碳捕集技术约占CCS总成本的80％。     

浅析水泥生产与碳捕集一体化新技术

碳捕集和碳封存(CCS)可看作是一种能显著减少CO2排放的新技术,但一直以来,水泥工业对CCS技术的经济可行性普遍持怀疑态度。而法国图卢兹国立综合理工学院和拉法基公司合作研发的一种碳捕集新技术,不仅能与水泥厂融为一体,还能实现水泥厂电力的自给,从而明显降低碳捕集成本。     

低成本捕集：二氧化碳利用第一关

碳捕集和埋存技术（CCS）可以将原本被排放到大气90％的二氧化碳安全地捕集并埋存于地下,已被公认为大规模开发低碳能源和可持续使用化石燃料的关键。CCS也因此成为当今各国研究的热点。专家们指出,氧化碳捕集技术约占CCS总成本的80％。要推动我国二氧化碳减排工作,关键是要开发具有我国自主知识产权、经济高效的二氧化碳捕集与封存技术,着重解决二氧化碳捕集封存的高能耗和高成本问题。     

山西省实施CO2捕集与封存技术前景展望

针对山西省资源禀赋、地理特征、能源消费结构和污染状况,结合CO2捕集与封存技术(CCS)发展现状,分析了山西省CO2排放源及封存区状况,指出在山西省实施CO2捕集与封存技术潜力巨大,应用前景广阔,对于碳减排和应对气候变化具有重要意义,提出通过政策及法律法规建设、资金及人才储备、合作机制建设、示范项目建设等来进一步推动山西实施CO2捕集与封存技术。     

基于我国煤化工行业的碳捕集封存(CCS)系统的实施障碍分析

如何在当前的能源形势下,合理地协调产业发展与CO2排放控制之间的矛盾已经成为目前我国煤化工产业急需解决的重要问题。本文对我国煤化工产业的CO2排放现状以及所面临的问题进行了深入分析,对现有的碳捕集封存系统(CCS)的技术发展现状进行了归纳与总结,并指出目前在我国煤化工行业实施应用碳捕集封存系统(CCS)在技术、成本、安全与环境影响、法律与法规等方面所面临的障碍。     

CO2规模化回收利用及研究进展

通过介绍全球及中国近年来CO2的排放状况以及小规模回收技术的缺陷,首先指出了CO2规模化回收的迫切性及资源化利用的优势,并以CCS(碳捕集与封存)和CCU(碳捕集与利用)为例,分别介绍了诸如地质封存、海洋封存、化学转化和生物转化等规模化回收利用技术,阐述了这些技术的回收原理、工艺路线、安全环保性、技术优势和工业化案例;通过分析CCS各技术的封存能力、封存效果、技术瓶颈及工业化推广的进度和潜力,指出CCS技术的全球化应用目前还存在一定的风险和制约;通过对比CCU各技术研究重点、转化瓶颈以及工业化进度等,指出化学转化法是目前最有效的CO2规模化回收利用技术。最后还介绍了其他几种具有规模化潜力的CO2利用新技术。     

CO2捕集的研究现状及钙基吸收剂的应用

温室气体CO2是当今世界环境恶化的主要原因之一,近年来针对CO2的捕集技术也相继被研究.磷石膏是湿法冶炼磷酸的副产物,具有产量大、微辐射性等特点,严重危害自然环境和人类健康.本文阐述二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)以及燃烧后捕集的三大方法的具体技术原理与特点,着重分析利用钙基吸收剂捕集CO2的技术特点和优势,提出CO2捕集技术的探索方向并指出利用磷石膏分解渣作钙基吸收剂矿化捕集CO2的思路.当前对CO2捕集的研究多停留在吸收剂捕集方面,单纯吸收剂虽吸收效果较好,但其成本较高.磷石膏分解渣作钙基吸收剂不仅有着良好的捕集效果,且解决了成本问题,实现了"以废制废"的思路.     

煤制油气和化工产品CO_2的不同减排方式成本分析

煤制油气和化工产品生产过程会排放大量高浓度CO2气体,成为制约煤转化技术发展的主要瓶颈之一。CO2捕集、封存与利用被认为是煤制油气和化工产品CO2减排的有效措施。采用排放因子法,分析了煤直接液化、煤间接液化、煤制天然气和煤制烯烃等典型项目CO2排放特征,并设定碳捕集后封存至咸水层、碳捕集后用来驱油和征收碳税三种碳减排方式,对比了三种方式下CO2的减排成本。结果表明:吨CO2排放征收碳税大于300元时,煤化工低温甲醇洗单元产生的CO2封存至咸水层技术具有竞争力;吨CO2排放征收碳税大于50元时,选择捕集后驱油会节约成本。     

四乙烯五胺功能化有序介孔氧化铝的合成及其CO2选择吸附性能研究

以九水硝酸铝为铝源,非表面活性剂柠檬酸为模板剂,稀氨水为沉淀剂合成有序介孔氧化铝（ OMA）。以四乙烯五胺（ TEPA）为活性组分,采用物理浸渍将其负载到OMA的内孔及比表面上,制备出氨基功能化的OMA用于CO2的选择吸附研究。采用XRD、BET和TEM对合成的吸附剂进行表征,通过自制的固定床反应器测量穿透曲线的方法研究其对CH4／CO2混合气的吸附分离性能。分别考察了负载量和吸附温度对吸附性能和分离因子的影响。结果表明,TEPA负载量为50％的吸附剂、吸附温度为70℃时对CO2吸附量最大,为2．598 mmol／g,TEPA／OMA经过10次吸附-脱附循环后,其吸附性能变化较小,仅下降了8．65％,具有较好的循环稳定性。     

不同胺基CO2固体吸收剂的热稳定性能

为应对温室效应对全球气候的影响,CO₂的捕集和封存(carbon capture and storage,CCS)技术成为近年来的研究热点.我国能源消费结构以煤为主,煤燃烧排放的CO₂约占我国CO₂排放总量的82%^[1],主要用于发电.因此研究燃煤电站烟气中脱除CO₂的技术具有重要意义.     

Operating limits and features of direct air capture on K2CO3/ZrO2 composite sorbent

Potassium carbonate-based sorbents are prospective materials for direct air capture (DAC). In the present study, we examined and revealed the influence of the temperature swing adsorption (TSA) cycle conditions on the CO₂ sorption properties of a novel aerogel-based K₂CO₃/ZrO₂ sorbent in a DAC process. It was shown that the humidity and temperature drastically affect the sorption dynamic and sorption capacity of the sorbent. When a temperature at the sorption stage was 29 ℃ and a water vapor pressure in the feed air was 5.2 mbar (1 bar = 10⁵ Pa), the composite material demonstrated a stable CO₂ sorption capacity of 3.4% (mass). An increase in sorption temperature leads to a continuous decrease in the CO₂ absorption capacity reaching a value of 0.7% (mass) at T = 80 ℃. The material showed the retention of a stable CO₂ sorption capacity for many cycles at each temperature in the range. Increasing P_H2O in the inlet air from 5.2 to 6.8 mbar leads to instability of CO₂ sorption capacity which decreases in the course of 3 consecutive TSA cycles from 1.7% to 0.8% (mass) at T = 29 ℃. A further increase in air humidity only facilitates the deterioration of the CO₂ sorption capacity of the material. A possible explanation for this phenomenon could be the filling of the porous system of the sorbent with solid reaction products and an aqueous solution of potassium salts, which leads to a significant slowdown in the CO₂ diffusion in the composite sorbent grain. To investigate the regeneration step of the TSA cycle in situ, the macro ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopic imaging was applied for the first time. It was shown that the migration of carbonate-containing species over the surface of sorbent occurs during the thermal regeneration stage of the TSA cycle. The movement of the active component in the porous matrix of the sorbent can affect the sorption characteristics of the composite material. The revealed features make it possible to formulate the requirements and limitations that need to be taken into account for the practical implementation of the DAC process using the K₂CO₃/ZrO₂ composite sorbent.     

Synthesis and CO2 adsorption behavior of amine‐functionalized porous polystyrene adsorbent

A solid amine adsorbent was prepared by modifying a porous polystyrene resin (XAD‐4) with chloroacetyl chloride through a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction, followed by aminating with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The adsorption behavior of CO₂ from a simulated flue gas on the solid amine adsorbent was evaluated. Factors that could determine the CO₂ adsorption performance of the adsorbents such as amine species, adsorption temperature, and moisture were investigated. The experimental results showed that the solid amine adsorbent modified with TEPA (XAD‐4‐TEPA), which had a longer chain, showed an amine efficiency superior to the other two amine species with shorter chains. The CO₂ adsorption capacity decreased obviously as the temperature increased because the reaction between CO₂ and amine groups was an exothermic reaction, and its adsorption amount reached 1.7 mmol/g at 10 °C in dry conditions. The existence of water could significantly increase the CO₂ adsorption amount of the adsorbent by promoting the chemical adsorption of CO₂ on XAD‐4‐TEPA. The adsorbent kept almost the same adsorption amount after 10 cycles of adsorption–desorption. All of these results indicated that amine‐functionalized XAD‐4 resin was a promising CO₂ adsorbent. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45046.     

Parametric study and effect of calcination and carbonation conditions on the CO2 capture performance of lithium orthosilicate sorbent

The world is currently facing the challenges of global warming and climate change. Numerous efforts have been taken to mitigate CO_2 emission, among which is the use of solid sorbents for CO_2 capture. In this work, Li_4SiO_4 was synthesised via a sol–gel method using lithium nitrate(LiNO_3) and tetraethylorthosilicate(Si C8 H20 O4) as precursors. A parametric study of Li:Si molar ratio(1-5), calcination temperature(600–800 °C) and calcination time(1–8 h) were conducted during sorbent synthesis. Calcination temperature(700–800 °C) and carbonation temperature(500–700 °C) during CO_2 sorption activity were also varied to confirm the optimum operating temperature. Sorbent with the highest CO_2 sorption capacity was finally introduced to several cyclic tests to study the durability of the sorbent through 10 cycles of CO_2 sorption–desorption test. The results showed that the calcination temperature of 800 °C and carbonation temperature of 700 °C were the best operating temperatures, with CO_2 sorption capacity of 7.95 mmol CO_2?(g sorbent)-1(93% of the theoretical yield). Throughout the ten cyclic processes, CO_2 sorption capacity of the sorbent had dropped approximately 16.2% from the first to the tenth cycle, which was a reasonable decline. Thus, it was concluded that Li_4SiO_4 is a potential CO_2 solid sorbent for high temperature CO_2 capture activity.     

胺基CO2固体吸附剂脱碳特性及SO2的影响

燃煤电厂烟气中存在的微量SO₂对胺基CO₂固体吸附剂的碳酸化反应及循环特性有不利影响。利用固定床反应器,针对采用溶胶凝胶法制备的胺基CO₂固体吸附剂的碳酸化特性及其在含SO₂气氛下的失效规律进行了实验研究,并结合红外光谱、有机元素分析、BET等测试手段,研究其失效机理。结果表明,所制备的胺基CO₂固体吸附剂在反应温度50℃时具有较好的碳酸化反应特性和循环特性。当反应气氛中存在SO₂时,由于生成了不可再生的亚硫酸/硫酸盐类物质而导致胺基活性位损失,孔隙结构发生变化,影响了吸附剂的脱碳性能,但适当提高反应温度可提高吸附剂的碳酸化反应竞争性。     

超枝化固体胺吸附分离烟气中二氧化碳

采用浸渍方法将四乙烯五胺（TEPA）负载到KIT-6介孔硅材料孔道表面上合成超枝化固体胺KIT-6(TEPA),并对其吸附CO₂性能进行研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高,KIT-6(TEPA)的CO₂吸附量呈增长趋势,343 K时获得最大吸附量（3.1 mmol·g^-1）。继续升高温度吸附量则呈下降趋势。KIT-6(TEPA)吸附CO₂过程以化学吸附为主,化学吸附量占总吸附量的97.2%以上（323相似文献   

利用固态胺连续捕集二氧化碳的双流化床实验研究

低温固态胺吸收剂分离CO₂是一种非常有潜力的CO₂分离技术,利用双流化床反应器实现连续高效CO₂分离是此技术走向应用的关键。以商业硅胶颗粒为载体,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为活性成分,通过浸渍法制备固态胺吸收剂,采用双流化床作为反应器,连续分离气体中的CO₂。实验结果表明,所采用的双流化床反应器能够实现两反应器间固态胺颗粒的连续稳定循环,长期连续分离CO₂的效率为84.4%;吸收反应器通入约1%的水蒸气后,捕集效率提高到约97%。     

Sorption of Acid Green 25 on chitosan: Influence of experimental parameters on uptake kinetics and sorption isotherms

Acid Green 25, which is a diazoic dye bearing two sulfonic groups, is efficiently sorbed on chitosan. The protonation of chitosan may explain the electrostatic attraction of this anionic dye and that its optimum pH is close to 3. Preliminary protonation of amine groups (obtained by contact with a sulfuric acid solution) reduced the variation of solution pH following sorbent addition but significantly reduced sorption performance: the maximum sorption capacity of raw chitosan, 525 mg dye/g (0.84 mmol dye/g), was halved by acidic preconditioning. The acidic conditioning also reduced the kinetic rate—the time necessary to reach equilibrium increased up to threefold depending on the experimental conditions. The size of sorbent particles influenced sorption kinetics and equilibrium because of resistance to intraparticle diffusion, but the sorption appeared to occur not only at the surface of the sorbent but also in the intraparticle network of the polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1073–1080, 2003     

碳酸钾一乙醇胺复合溶液吸收烟气中C02的实验研究

分别以不同浓度的碳酸钾溶液及不同配比的碳酸钾一乙醇胺复合溶液作为吸收剂,以吸收速率和吸收量为指标,研究了吸收剂对烟气中C02的吸收效果。结果表明,纯碳酸钾溶液吸收效果不佳,而掺入乙醇胺后的吸收效果显著改善,部分复合溶液的吸收效果甚至好于同浓度纯碳酸钾溶液与纯乙醇胺溶液的吸收效果之和,碳酸钾与乙醇胺在吸收过程中存在正交互作用。确定0．6mol·L-1碳酸钾-O．4mol·L-1乙醇胺复合溶液为最佳的吸收弃1,其饱和吸收量最大（O．185m01）、再生温度最低（105℃）、再生率最高（98．8％）。