Silver nanoparticle studded porous polyethylene scaffolds: bacteria struggle to grow on them while mammalian cells thrive

Silver nanoparticle studded scaffolds were prepared by exploiting the Ag(+) ion reducing activity of sophorolipids--a class of 'glycolipids' that cap the ensuing nanoparticles as well. To achieve this, the porous polyethylene scaffolds are subjected to N(2) + H(2) plasma treatment, in the first step. Subsequently the sophorolipids are covalently attached to the amine groups on the polymer surface through simple amide chemistry to yield sophorolipid grafted polymer scaffolds. These are then exposed to Ag(+) ions under appropriate conditions leading to the formation of silver nanoparticles immobilized on the polymer scaffolds. It has been found that while bacteria do not survive on these silver studded scaffolds, CHO-K1 cells thrive on them making them good candidates for tissue engineering and bio-implant applications.     

Growth of silver nanowires on GaAs wafers

Silver (Ag) nanowires with chemically clean surfaces have been directly grown on semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers through a simple solution/solid interfacial reaction (SSIR) between the GaAs wafers themselves and aqueous solutions of silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) at room temperature. The success in synthesis of Ag nanowires mainly benefits from the low concentration of surface electrons in the semi-insulating GaAs wafers that can lead to the formation of a low-density of nuclei that facilitate their anisotropic growth into nanowires. The resulting Ag nanowires exhibit rough surfaces and reasonably good electric conductivity. These characteristics are beneficial to sensing applications based on single-nanowire surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and possible surface-adsorption-induced conductivity variation.     

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles through Reduction with Solanum xanthocarpum L. Berry Extract: Characterization, Antimicrobial and Urease Inhibitory Activities against Helicobacter pylori

A green synthesis route for the production of silver nanoparticles using methanol extract from Solanum xanthocarpum berry (SXE) is reported in the present investigation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNps), having a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band centered at 406 nm, were synthesized by reacting SXE (as capping as well as reducing agent) with AgNO(3) during a 25 min process at 45 °C. The synthesized AgNps were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, powdered X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the time of reaction, temperature and volume ratio of SXE to AgNO(3) could accelerate the reduction rate of Ag(+) and affect the AgNps size and shape. The nanoparticles were found to be about 10 nm in size, mono-dispersed in nature, and spherical in shape. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of synthesized AgNps was tested against 34 clinical isolates and two reference strains of Helicobacter pylori by the agar dilution method and compared with AgNO(3) and four standard drugs, namely amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MNZ) and tetracycline (TET), being used in anti-H. pylori therapy. Typical AgNps sample (S1) effectively inhibited the growth of H. pylori, indicating a stronger anti-H. pylori activity than that of AgNO(3) or MNZ, being almost equally potent to TET and less potent than AMX and CLA. AgNps under study were found to be equally efficient against the antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible strains of H. pylori. Besides, in the H. pylori urease inhibitory assay, S1 also exhibited a significant inhibition. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that the mechanism of inhibition was noncompetitive.     

Direct patterning of silver particles on porous silicon by inkjet printing of a silver salt via in-situ reduction

ABSTRACT: We have developed a method for obtaining a direct pattern of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on porous silicon (p-Si) by means of inkjet printing (IjP) of a silver salt. Silver NPs were obtained by p-Si mediated in-situ reduction of Ag+ cations using solutions based on AgNO3 which were directly printed on p-Si according to specific geometries and process parameters. The main difference with respect to existing literature is that normally, inkjet printing is applied to silver (metal) NP suspensions, while in our experiment the NPs are formed after jetting the solution on the reactive substrate. We performed both optical and scanning electron microscopes on the NPs traces, correlating the morphology features with the IjP parameters, giving an insight on the synthesis kinetics. The patterned NPs show good performances as SERS substrates.     

心电图仪用ABS塑料纽扣上化学镀银的大批量氯化

银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)电极有多种应用,心电图仪用一次性Ag/AgCl电极便是其中之一。在带有一个直径3mm、长5mm的柄的ABS塑料钮扣(直径10 mm)的一个面上,尝试以二价钴为还原剂,化学镀一层1～2μm的银,然后在酸化的氯化物溶液中以化学镀银表面为阳极进行氯化处理。为了获得良好的Ag/AgCl电对,只有平面部分是氯化物而并非将整个覆银表面都转化。上述柄用作金属接点依次与探针连接。由于原材料是ABS塑料,且每毫克的覆银量只有1μm左右,因此损失降到最低。     

钛阳极安装部位电刷镀银工艺实践

钛阳极由于其优异的电催化活性和耐蚀性得到了广泛应用.但钛基体导电、导热性能不好,造成了安装部位接触电阻过大,局部温度过高,缩短了钛阳极使用寿命.为了降低钛阳极安装部位的接触电阻,可以在安装部位进行局部电刷镀银.本文研究了电刷镀银工艺,获得了电刷镀银工艺参数:AgNO3100～180g/L,稳定剂100～150g/L,(NH44)2S2O3 250～300 g/L,工作电压4～10 V,镀液温度20～30℃,相对运动速率5～12m/min.阳极寿命由原来的10～12个月延长到12～15个月.     

溶剂热合成纳米银及其表征

以PVP为分散剂,用乙二醇作溶剂和还原剂,在溶剂热条件下还原AgNO3,得到了球形和棒形的纳米银。透射电镜分析表明,PVP用量对纳米银粒径的影响要比对形貌的影响更大,PVP用量越多,得到的纳米银颗粒粒径越小;紫外-可见光谱分析证实了纳米银的生成。     

C2 oxygenate synthesis from CO hydrogenation on AgRh/SiO2

The effect of silver on carbon monoxide hydrogenation over Rh/SiO₂ has been studied. Silver is found to decrease the rates of formation for methane and C₂₊ hydrocarbons more than those for C₂ oxygenates resulting in a marked increase in C₂ oxygenate selectivity. Infrared spectroscopic studies reveal that Ag blocks the bridge-CO sites. Ethylene addition studies show that Ag promotes carbon monoxide insertion and suppresses hydrogenation. The results suggest that the number of Rh atoms required for carbon monoxide insertion may be less than that for hydrogenation and methanation.     

Green Formation of Spherical and Dendritic Silver Nanostructures under Microwave Irradiation without Reducing Agent

The rapid and green formation of spherical and dendritic silver nanostructures based on microwave irradiation time was investigated. Silver nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by reduction of Ag(+) in a water medium and using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the stabilizing agent and without the use of any other reducing agent, and were compared with those synthesized by conventional heating method. UV-vis absorption spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measurements, indicated that increasing the irradiation time enhanced the concentration of silver nanoparticles and slightly increased the particle size. There was a lack of large silver nanoparticles at a high concentration, but interestingly, the formation and growth of silver dendrite nanostructures appeared. Compared to conventional heating methods, the silver nanoparticle suspension produced by irradiated microwaves was more stable over a six-month period in aqueous solution without any signs of precipitation.     

Silver and gold NMR

Silver and gold, together with copper, form the transition metal group IB elements in the periodic table and possess very different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic properties. While there is only one gold isotope ((197)Au), which has a spin of 3/2 and therefore a quadrupole moment, silver occurs in two isotopic forms ((109)Ag and (109)Au), both of which have a spin 1/2 and similar NMR spectroscopic properties. The unfavorable properties of gold have prevented its NMR spectroscopic investigation thus far. On the other hand, there are several reports of silver NMR. However, the low sensitivity of silver, combined with its long relaxation times have rendered the direct detection of silver possible only with concentrations greater than a few tenth molar. Reviewed here are the general limitations of silver NMR and some techniques to partially overcome these limitations, as well as a summary of currently available chemical shift and scalar coupling data on (109)Ag.     

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver/Chitosan/Polyethylene Glycol Nanocomposites without any Reducing Agent

This paper presents the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in aqueous medium. This method was performed by reducing AgNO(3) in different stirring times of reaction at a moderate temperature using green agents, chitosan (Cts) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this work, silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) was used as the silver precursor while Cts and PEG were used as the solid support and polymeric stabilizer. The properties of Ag/Cts/PEG nanocomposites (NCs) were studied under different stirring times of reaction. The developed Ag/Cts/PEG NCs were then characterized by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/银纳米粒子/β-环糊精复合纳米纤维的制备

采用液相原位还原法,在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)/乙醇溶液中加入硝酸银,制得PVP/银纳米粒子/乙醇溶液,然后加入一定量的PVP/氨水溶液,再加入β-环糊精获得复合溶液。通过静电纺复合溶液得到含有银纳米粒子的三组分复合纳米纤维。利用紫外光谱法对溶胶内的银纳米粒子进行了表征,运用扫描电子显微镜对纤维的形貌和结构进行了表征,并以大肠杆菌为细菌模型,测试了样品的抗菌性能。     

Extracellular synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles and molecular evidence of silver resistance from Morganella sp.: towards understanding biochemical synthesis mechanism

There has been significant progress in the biological synthesis of nanomaterials. However, the molecular mechanism of synthesis of such bio-nanomaterials remains largely unknown. Here, we report the extracellular synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Morganella sp., and show molecular evidence of silver resistance by elucidating the synthesis mechanism. The AgNPs were 20+/-5 nm in diameter and were highly stable at room temperature. The kinetics of AgNPs formation was investigated. Detectable particles were formed after an hour of reaction, and their production remained exponential up to 18 h, and saturated at 24 h. Morganella sp. was found to be highly resistant to silver cations and was able to grow in the presence of more than 0.5 mM AgNO(3). Three gene homologues viz. silE, silP and silS were identified in silver-resistant Morganella sp. The homologue of silE from Morganella sp. showed 99 % nucleotide sequence similarity with the previously reported gene, silE, which encodes a periplasmic silver-binding protein. The homologues of silP and silS were also highly similar to previously reported sequences. Similar activity was totally absent in closely related Escherichia coli; this suggests that a unique mechanism of extracellular AgNPs synthesis is associated with silver-resistant Morganella sp. The molecular mechanism of silver resistance and its gene products might have a key role to play in the overall synthesis process of AgNPs by Morganella sp. An understanding of such biochemical mechanisms at the molecular level might help in developing an ecologically friendly and cost-effective protocol for microbial AgNPs synthesis.     

金属/磷酸银复合光催化剂的研究进展

磷酸银被发现是一种具有极高活性的可见光催化剂而受到密切关注。但单独的磷酸银半导体具有稳定性差等缺点,限制了其进一步应用。梳理发现构建金属/磷酸银复合光催化剂可以实现磷酸银光生载流子的有效分离,同时还可发挥纳米金属粒子的等离子体共振效应,从而提高复合光催化剂的催化活性和稳定性,此外还可借助其他助剂构建三元复合金属/磷酸银光催化剂。本综述对磷酸银光催化剂的改性研究具有指导意义。     

Factors influencing rheological characteristics of silver thick film paste and its correlation to multilayer ceramic processing

The rheological properties of silver thick film paste are influenced by the particle size, morphology of silver particles and by the nature of the filler. Rheological properties in-turn influence the multilayer processing parameters and properties. Silver particles, synthesised with gum Arabic (Ag/GA) as the dispersant resulted in agglomerated particles with irregular morphology. Ag/GA-based thick film paste exhibited thixotropic characteristics. Silver powder synthesised with polyvinyl alcohol (Ag/PVA) as the dispersant resulted in well-dispersed, spherical, free-flowing powder with narrow particle size distribution and exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour. The rheological characteristics of Ag/GA-based thick film paste are not influenced by the filler addition. Influence of filler addition is distinctly noted in the rheological characteristics of Ag/PVA-based thick film paste. The homogeneous mixing of Ag/PVA particles with filler and reproducible rheological characteristics of the corresponding thick film paste resulted in excellent printability with good edge-definition and repeatable properties.     

Antibacterial activity of DLC and Ag–DLC films produced by PECVD technique

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been the focus of extensive research in recent years due to its potential application as surface coatings on biomedical devices. Doped carbon films are also useful as biomaterials. As silver (Ag) is known to be a potent antibacterial agent, Ag–DLC films have been suggested to be potentially useful in biomedical applications. In this paper, DLC films were growth on 316L stainless steel substrates by using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) technique with a thin amorphous silicon interlayer. Silver colloidal solution was produced by eletrodeposition of silver electrodes in distilled water and during the deposition process it was sprayed among each 25 nm thickness layer DLC film. The antibacterial activity of DLC, Ag–DLC and silver colloidal solution were evaluated by bacterial eradication tests with Escherichia coli (E. coli) at different incubation times. With the increase of silver nanoparticle layers in Ag–DLC, the total compressive stress decreased significantly. Raman spectra showed the film structure did not suffer any substantial change due to the incorporation of silver. The only alteration suffered was a slightly reduction in hardness. DLC and Ag–DLC films demonstrated good results against E. coli, meaning that DLC and Ag–DLC can be useful to produce coatings with antibacterial properties for biomedical industry.     

Hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty alcohols: III. Comparison of different soap catalyst systems

Copper oleate and cadmium oleate catalysts have been replaced by other metal compounds. Silver was the only metal which could be substituted for copper in the ratio range studied. Using nickel oleate, the degree of saturation of the double bond decreased with increasing cadmium oleate concentration. No comparable substitute was found for Cd. The composition of the final components is influenced by the use of a paraffinic solvent, which also has an effect on the saturation of the double bond. An explanation is given for the behavior of the catalyst when the reaction is not selective and is carried out in a paraffinic solvent. The catalytic system Ag/Cd soaps was also studied kinetically and analytically. The results show that the mechanism of the reaction using silver soap is identical with the one using copper soap.     

Silver nanoparticles supported on α-, η- and δ-alumina

Silver monodispersed nanopaticles supported on α- and η-Al₂O₃ have been obtained by a colloidal processing route. Precursor (silver acetate) was transformed into Ag metallic nanoparticles deposited on Al₂O₃ powder after a drying and reduction process. Silver particle size varies between 100 and 1 nm depending on the alumina phase. On the basis of HRTEM studies, and according to the nature of alumina surface, a mechanism of nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles has been proposed. Finally, optical spectra of these samples revealed the presence of silver surface plasmon, which supplies information about the dispersion of nanoparticles into alumina matrices.     

PPESK中空纤维复合膜对丙烯／丙烷分离性能的研究

以含二氮杂萘联苯结构的聚芳醚砜酮PPESK（Tg263—305℃）为膜材料,以干-湿相转化法制备中空纤维基膜,采用内涂法涂覆聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）,并配合Ag＋,制备了促进输送中空纤维复合膜。研究了复合膜聚电解质涂敷时间、2次涂层、不同银盐以及不同过渡金属离子等对复合膜丙烯／丙烷分离性能的影响。实验结果表明．室温下,n（Ag＋）：n（C=O）=1：1,涂敷时间为10min时,复合膜对丙烯／丙烷的分离性最好,PVP／AgNO3体系分离系数为3．98,PVP／AgBF4体系的分离系数为5．69。经过2次涂敷后,PVP／AgNO3体系的分离系数升高至4．20,PVP／Ag-BF4体系的分离系数升高至10．78。由此可见,相同条件下,AgNO3的促进传递效果明显低于AgBF4。