小城镇污水处理主要问题及对策

梳理1984—2017年以来关于小城镇污水治理的研究成果,分析中国小城镇污水处理的现状。小城镇的污水治理虽取得较大的成果,但发展模式过于粗放,存在诸多问题。如排水体制选择、管网检测、管网规划等,均影响着小城镇污水治理的发展。小城镇污水处理工艺繁多,考虑环境容量、排放标准、循环利用等因素,选择合理的污水处理工艺,尽可能发挥对小城镇污水持续高效治理。分散式污水处理设施极大地推动小城镇污水治理的发展,但粗放式运营,使分散式污水处理设施效能分析成为研究重点。着重对小城镇排水管网、污水处理工艺选择和分散污水处理设施效能等问题进行研究分析并给出建议。     

南方小城镇污水处理现状和发展探讨

＂十一五＂期间,我国城市污水处理率已经有了大幅度提升,但小城镇生活污水处理方面依然不容乐观,尤其是经济发达地区的南方小城镇水体污染更为严重。＂十二五＂期间,我国将把中小城镇污水处理作为产业发展的重点领域。经济走在前列的南方地区,在其小城镇总体规划的基础设施建设中,建设管理者应完善污水处理配套管理策略,综合考虑污水收集、排水规划、污水处理工艺选择、污水处理排放标准和污泥处置等各个环节,使水环境得以改善的同时实现经济利益最大化。     

西南地区小城镇污水处理工程探讨

对我国西南地区小城镇污水处理现状及存在问题进行了分析,并对西南地区小城镇污水处理工程的发展进行了探讨,就系统整体规划、管网体制、处理工艺、排放标准、污泥处理与处置、配套管理体制等几个方面提出建议。     

北京市小城镇污水处理工程规划设计探讨

随着经济的不断发展和人们环保意识的增强，解决小城镇的污水处理问题已刻不容缓。为了科学合理地对小城镇污水处理进行规划与设计，使工程能更切合北京市小城镇的具体实际，对北京市小城镇污水处理规划设计中有关工程规模、进出水水质、厂址选择、处理工艺选择、污水消毒与污泥处理等问题进行了探讨，对小城镇污水处理厂获得较佳的社会、环境与经济效益具有一定的借鉴意义。     

钱塘江水污染分析与小城镇污水治理对策

通过对钱塘江流域主要污染物特征、来源及污水处理设施的分析与评价,得出了钱塘江流域小城镇污染已大大超过了城市污染的重要结论。根据钱塘江流域环境承载力研究成果和流域小城镇发展规划,提出了钱塘江流域小城镇污水处理建设目标、建设规模、建设投资估算与对策建议。     

小城镇污水处理实用技术研究

广大小城镇的水污染形势正日益突出,为了保护流域生态环境和持续发展小城镇经济,对小城镇的污水治理势在必行.简述了小城镇水污染现状,根据小城镇污水的特征及处理要求,提出了几种易于在小城镇推广的经济、高效、节能和简便易行的污水处理工艺.     

关中小城镇给排水系统实例分析

以陕西省关中地区武功镇给排水系统规划为例,分析小城镇给排水设计及其存在的问题。通过对供水水量、水质以及污水水质进行调查和预测,展开给水管网、雨污水管网的规划布置;结合小城镇自身特点,对供水水源、污水处理工艺等进行论证,给水处理选择ClO2消毒工艺,污水处理选择稳定塘及湿地处理工艺,符合小城镇现状及发展需求,为关中地区小城镇给排水系统发展起到一定的推动作用。     

中小城镇高效低耗污水处理工艺的选择

目前我国城镇化进程加快,经济快速发展的同时环境污染问题随之出现,主要表现在小城镇污水处理率较低,各地区发展不平衡等方面。适度完善小城镇排水系统和建设高效低耗的污水处理厂将成为今后我国中小城镇发展亟待解决的问题。基于小城镇污水水质特点,分析了准确确定水质、水量的重要性及工艺设计的基本原则,提出了几种符合我国国情、运行可靠、高效低耗的中小城镇污水处理工艺。     

城镇污水处理设备标准体系探讨

改革开放以来,随着城市化建设的不断发展,城镇污水处理设备也随之不断的升级,逐步走向标准化的行列。根据国家"十一五"的规划纲要,行政主管部门应该因地制宜选择适于本城镇污水处理工程的相关设备,并以城镇污水处理设备标准体系的标准来检测相关成果,争取利用工程示范模式带动小城镇污水处理集成技术、管理模式的推广。本文是通过分析我国城镇污水处理设备标准体系的现状以及存在的相关问题,对城镇污水处理设备标准体系进行进一步的研究探讨。     

小城镇污水处理技术的发展与实践

<正>随着我国经济建设和社会发展的加速,污水处理事业得到了长足发展,根据最新的统计年鉴数据,2013年末,我国的城市排水管道总长度已达到46.5万km,城市污水日处理能力达到1.47亿m3。大中城市已在90%以上,县城也达到了78.47%。然而,我国尚有上万个县级以下的城镇,一般统称为小城镇,其污水处理率远低于县城及以上城市的水平,是我国目前和今后一段时间污水处理事业发展的重点。与城市相比,小城镇往往基础设施规划与建设     

城镇低浓度污水强化一级处理工艺分析比较

随着我国城镇化进程的加快，广大小城镇的水污染形势日益突出。为保持良好的生态环境，加强小城镇的污水治理势在必行。针对小城镇发展现状和污水的特点，分析比较了几种宜在小城镇推广的经济、高效、节能和简便易行的污水强化一级处理工艺，并指出了化学生物絮凝强化一级处理工艺的优势。     

漓江流域城市污水处理技术研究

运用系统分析的方法,从流域水污染控制角度出发,对漓江流域的城市污水处理有关问题进行了系统研究。结合漓江流域城镇经济、技术水平特点,对流域的城镇排水的体制、出路进行了分析;根据污水排放和污染物排放情况以及水环境容量分布,确定了流域内城市污水处理厂规模;在分析了几种适合中小城市特点的典型城市污水处理工艺后,提出了4种城市污水处理工艺作为流域不同类型城镇的城市污水处理的优选技术;为保证流域水污染有效控制,建议实行流域水环境的统一管理。     

Decentralized sanitation implementation in Vietnam: a peri-urban case study.

This research presents one of the first comprehensive case studies of a small-scale wastewater management project in Vietnam. The research demonstrates how the community integrated a small-scale wastewater management system based on household participation and community management. It is argued that local resources of peri-urban and small towns could be used more efficiently to contribute to wastewater management in Vietnam if appropriate technologies are used and if their management and technical capacities are reinforced.     

我国东部地区污水处理设施技术指南调研

对我国东部地区沪、浙、苏、粤等地若干代表性城市(镇)污水处理设施技术指南的制定和执行情况进行了调研,发现东部地区污水处理设施技术指南的制定和执行情况不容乐观,污水处理工程缺乏系统性,导致管网建设、处理工艺选择及运行管理等都存在一定的问题。     

Nitrogen removal in a two-stage, re-circulating waste stabilisation pond system.

Waste stabilisation ponds are used widely in Australia and other parts of the world for treating wastewater from domestic and a wide range of industrial sources. It remains a popular form of treatment for wastewater for many small rural towns. The development of a two-stage, re-circulating waste stabilisation pond incorporating algal-bacterial biofilm represents a new approach to increasing the functioning biomass within the water column to improve treatment efficiency. This new approach will be a more viable and economical option for most of the existing waste stabilisation ponds to achieve significant nitrogen removal than converting them to another form of biological nutrient removal processes. A laboratory-scale, two-stage, re-circulating system incorporating "Bio-Tube" plastic modules as attached growth medium has been tested using synthetic wastewater. It has been proven that nitrification-denitrification was the primary mechanism for nitrogen removal in such a system operated under complete mix conditions. During the experimental period, average removal efficiencies of 90-95% of ammonia nitrogen and 65-85% of total nitrogen removal were achieved with influent COD of 600 mg/L and total nitrogen of 70 mg/L.     

中小城镇节水型社会建设模式研究——以海城市为例

从节水型社会建设的内涵着手,将中小城镇的节水型社会建设模式分为工业型、农业型、旅游服务业型、生态退化型及卫星型城镇等5类,并给出推荐模式形式。以海城市为例探讨中小城镇具体的建设模式。其中利用层次分析法探求合理的用水比例途径;提出可持续污水处理模式并给出框架;探讨利用经济手段促进节水,提出节水型水价概念。     

Integrated Resource Planning for Water and Wastewater

Abstract

This paper describes the use of integrated resource planning for water and wastewater service provision by a major urban water utility. This methodology aims to meet the water and sewerage needs of the community at the least cost and includes an explicit analysis of the costs and benefits of measures that reduce the demand for water and the discharge of wastewater effluent. It therefore requires disaggregation of the demand for water into end-uses and a consideration of the linkages between the water supply and sewerage components of the business. This approach has significant advantages in economic, environmental, and social terms. The case study results indicate that significant investments in water efficiency programs are justified on economic grounds, particularly where augmentation of water and sewerage infrastructure is planned. Three studies undertaken as part of Sydney Water's efforts to integrate supply- and demand-side planning are described in this paper: first, a major integrated resource planning exercise designed to reduce demand for water by up to 35 percent, costing more than AU$25 million; second, a case study in a series of small towns where the benefits arise from reducing the capacity of sewage treatment plants by reducing wastewater flow; and third, in a major industrial region where water efficiency measures integrated with reuse measures reduce overall costs.     

Evaluating the application of a decision support system in identifying adequate wastewater treatment for small communities. A case study: the Fluvia River Basin.

The identification of adequate wastewater treatment for small communities is a complex problem since it demands a combination of data from different sources, such as aspects of the community and landscape, the receiving environment and the available wastewater treatment technologies. The Catalan Water Agency (Agència Catalana de l'Aigua) considered using an EDSS (Environmental Decision Support System) as a tool to help water managers select the most adequate treatment for the urban wastewater of nearly 3,500 small communities in Catalonia (Spain). From that moment, EDSS was applied to all the river basins in Catalonia. In this paper the authors present the results obtained for the 76 small communities located in one of these river basins: the Fluvia River Basin. The characteristics of the community used in the reasoning process of the EDSS, the list of selected wastewater treatment alternatives, the technical environmental justification for the selected treatments and the reasons for discarding, favouring or disadvantaging them are presented. Finally, some results for the Fluvia River Basin are compared with those obtained in other Catalan river basins with different characteristics in order to evaluate which are the significant features in identifying adequate wastewater treatments.