Antitumor,Antioxidant, and Nitrite Scavenging Effects of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) Peel Flavonoids

The preparation, quantification, and characterization of flavonoid compounds from Chinese water chestnut peel (CWCP) flavonoid extract and ethyl acetate fraction (EF), n‐butanol fraction, and water fraction were studied. Among these, EF showed the maximum free radical levels (IC₅₀ values of 0.36, 0.40, and 0.37 mg/mL for DPPH?, ABTS? ⁺ , and ?OH, respectively), nitrite scavenging effects (IC₅₀ = 1.89 mg/mL), and A549 cell inhibitory activities (IC₅₀ = 776.12 μg/mL) with the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC, 421.32 mg/g). Moreover, the contents of 8 flavonoids in this fraction were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and fisetin, diosmetin, luteolin, and tectorigenin were the 4 major flavonoids with levels of 31.66, 29.91, 13.69, and 12.41 mg/g, respectively. Luteolin produced a greater inhibition of human lung cancer A549 cells (IC₅₀ = 59.60 μg/mL) than did fisetin, diosmetin, and tectorigenin. Flow cytometry revealed that the cellular mechanisms of luteolin inhibition of A549 cells were achieved via the induction of cell proliferation arrest at G₁ phase and apoptosis/necrosis. Our findings suggest that flavonoids are closely associated with antitumor, antioxidant, and nitrite scavenging effects of CWCP.     

罗非鱼肌浆蛋白源抗氧化肽的制备、分离纯化及其体外抗氧化活性

采用木瓜蛋白酶对罗非鱼肌肉蛋白组分(肌浆蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白、基质蛋白)进行酶解,研究罗非鱼不同蛋白组分酶解产物的抗氧化活性,并通过超滤、凝胶过滤色谱、反相高效液相色谱对高活性肌浆蛋白组分抗氧化肽进行分离纯化,同时对纯化后的抗氧化肽氨基酸组成予以分析.结果表明:罗非鱼肌浆蛋白酶解物(tilapia sarcoplasmi...     

体外消化对三文鱼皮胶原低聚肽抗氧化活性的影响

本研究以三文鱼皮为原料通过酶解法制备三文鱼皮胶原低聚肽,并进行体外模拟消化实验,通过分子量分布分析、DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力（ABTS法）以及活性氧ROS实验,探究三文鱼皮胶原低聚肽经模拟胃、肠道消化后抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明:经模拟消化实验后,三文鱼皮胶原低聚肽的重均分子量轻微减少,变化不超过4%;胃蛋白酶消化前后,DPPH自由基清除能力IC₅₀值分别为11.1、12.3 mg/mL,胰蛋白酶消化前后,IC₅₀值分别为12.5、14.6 mg/mL;胃蛋白酶消化前后,羟自由基清除能力IC₅₀值分别为12.2、13.2 mg/mL,胰蛋白酶消化前后,IC₅₀值分别为10.7、11.5 mg/mL;胃蛋白酶消化后,总抗氧化能力下降不超过13%,胰蛋白酶消化后,总抗氧化能力下降不超过19%;胃蛋白酶消化后,ROS清除能力提高不超过3%,胰蛋白酶消化后,ROS清除能力提高不超过5%。这表明三文鱼皮胶原低聚肽具有良好的消化稳定性和抗氧化活性,为其在抗氧化功能性食品的开发提供了理论基础。     

猪皮胶原蛋白酶解及其酶解产物的抗氧化活性

以新鲜猪皮为原料,利用Alcalase水解胶原蛋白,并对影响Alcalase水解过程的各个因素进行研究,通过对水解度和超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)清除率的测定,确定Alcalase水解猪皮胶原蛋白的最适条件;研究在最适条件下制备的不同质量浓度的猪皮胶原蛋白酶解液对DPPH自由基和O2－ ·的清除效果。结果表明：Alcalase水解猪皮胶原蛋白的最适条件为：pH7.5、温度55℃、酶与底物比6000U/g、底物质量浓度40mg/mL,水解时间4h;在此水解条件下,水解度达到9.55%,O2－ ·清除率达到60.11%;在相应质量浓度10～50mg/mL范围内,猪皮胶原蛋白酶解液的DPPH自由基最大清除率为95.06%,IC50为3.89mg/mL;O2－ ·最大清除率为65.89%,IC50为16.43mg/mL。猪皮胶原蛋白酶解液具有较强的自由基清除能力。     

不同分子质量鲍鱼外套膜酶解物抗氧化活性研究

研究鲍鱼外套膜酶解物(AMH)及其不同分子质量组分的抗氧化活性。采用中性蛋白酶水解鲍鱼外套膜制得AMH,通过超滤得到分子质量分别为小于1kDa和1～3,3～5,5～10kDa的4种酶解物组分;考察AMH和不同分子质量组分的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:AMH清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基和亚铁离子螯合能力的IC50值分别为11.76,12.07,4.04mg/mL;经过超滤分离后,其抗氧化活性明显增强,且1～3kDa分子质量范围组分的清除DPPH自由基和OH自由基能力最强,3～5kDa分子质量范围组分的亚铁离子螯合能力最强。     

Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of guava (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Psidium guajava</Emphasis> L.)

The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 4 different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) for preparation of extracts from guava (branch, fruit, leaf, and seed) were evaluated by measuring total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power (RP), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts of branch and leaf showed relatively higher antioxidant properties than those of fruit and seed. The highest TPC (141.28 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=34.01 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=3.23 μg/mL), and RP (IC₅₀= 75.63 μg/mL) were found in acetone extract of leaf, while water extract of seed had the lowest antioxidant activity. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract from guava leaf was 69.56%, which was the highest activity among the extracts. These results indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in the guava branch as well as leaf extracts.     

沙枣不同部位提取物体外抗氧化作用的研究

以沙枣为研究对象,选用不同溶剂对沙枣花、沙枣叶、沙枣果肉、沙枣核进行提取,测定提取液对DPPH自由基的抗氧化能力。实验结果表明,不同溶剂提取物均对DPPH自由基有清除能力,清除能力大小顺序为80%乙醇>纯水>石油醚。沙枣果肉在石油醚中清除能力较好,半清除率浓度为(32.33±0.8)mg/mL;沙枣核在80%乙醇中清除能力较好,半清除率浓度为(0.21±0.01)mg/mL;沙枣花在水中清除能力较好,半清除率浓度(1.82±0.06)mg/mL。     

Antioxidant Effects of Herbal Tea Leaves from Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Multiple Free Radical and Reducing Power Assays,Especially on Different Superoxide Anion Radical Generation Systems

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), a native Andean plant, has been cultivated as a crop and locally used as a traditional folk medicine for the people suffering from diabetes and digestive/renal disorders. However, the medicinal properties of this plant and its processed foods have not been completely established. This study investigates the potent antioxidative effects of herbal tea leaves from yacon in different free radical models and a ferric reducing model. A hot‐water extract exhibited the highest yield of total polyphenol and scavenging effect on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical among four extracts prepared with hot water, methanol, ethanol, and ethylacetate. In addition, a higher reducing power of the hot‐water extract was similarly demonstrated among these extracts. Varying concentrations of the hot‐water extract resulted in different scavenging activities in four synthetic free radical models: DPPH radical (EC₅₀ 28.1 μg/mL), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) cation radical (EC₅₀ 23.7 μg/mL), galvinoxyl radical (EC₅₀ 3.06 μg/mL), and chlorpromazine cation radical (EC₅₀ 475 μg/mL). The yacon tea‐leaf extract further demonstrated superoxide anion (O₂^?) radical scavenging effects in the phenazine methosulfate‐NADH‐nitroblue tetrazolium (EC₅₀ 64.5 μg/mL) and xanthine oxidase assay systems (EC₅₀ 20.7 μg/mL). Subsequently, incubating human neutrophilic cells in the presence of the tea‐leaf extract could suppress the cellular O₂^? radical generation (IC₅₀ 65.7 μg/mL) in a phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐activated cell model. These results support yacon tea leaves may be a good source of natural antioxidants for preventing O₂^? radical‐mediated disorders.     

雪莲果体外抗氧化和自由基清除能力

抗氧化能力是衡量果蔬营养及保健价值的重要指标之一。雪莲果是一种药食两用植物,对多种慢性疾病有缓解作用。分别采用5 种方法(DPPH、ABTS、FRAP、SASR 和MCC)对雪莲果块根甲醇提取液的自由基清除能力及抗氧化活性进行体外评价。结果表明：DPPH 法测定的Trolox 当量抗氧化能力(TEAC)为410.263mg Trolox/g md,抗坏血酸当量抗氧化能力(AEAC)为230.485mg VC/g md,IC50 值为1.464mg/mL;ABTS 法测定的TEAC 为267.584mg Trolox/g md,AEAC为41.597mg VC/g md,IC50 值为1.269mg/mL;SRSA 法测定的TEAC 为652.816mg Trolox/g md,AEAC 为101.451mg VC/g md,IC50 值为7.720mg/mL。说明雪莲果块根提取物对DPPH 自由基、ABTS+·和O2·三种不同的自由基均有一定的清除活性。此外,雪莲果块根提取物还具有较高的总抗氧化(FRAP 值为131.723 mgFeSO4/g md)和较强的金属螯合能力(73.193%)。     

响应面试验优化超声辅助提取连钱草多糖工艺及其体外抗氧化活性

通过中心复合试验优化超声辅助提取连钱草多糖的工艺,以1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和2,2’-连氮基-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）自由基（2,2’--azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical,ABTS＋•）清除能力、Fe2＋螯合力、铁离子还原抗氧化力（ferric reducingantioxidant power,FRAP）和N,N-二甲基-对苯二胺（N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine,DMPD）自由基清除能力为指标,研究连钱草多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声辅助提取连钱草多糖的最优工艺为pH 7.2、液固比32∶1（mL/g）、超声功率270 W、超声时间8 min,此条件下多糖提取率在4.95%～5.12%范围内。体外抗氧化活性结果显示,连钱草多糖DPPH自由基清除能力为（0.51±0.04）μmol Trolox/mg,ABTS＋•清除能力为（0.69±0.04）μmolTrolox/mg,Fe2＋螯合力为（0.51±0.29）μmol EDTA/mg,FRAP值为（3.45±0.03）μmol Trolox/mg,DMPD自由基清除能力为（0.17±0.01）μmol Trolox/mg。     

Antioxidant properties of extract and fractions from Enteromorpha prolifera, a type of green seaweed

The ethanol extract and its solvent subfractions, partitioned by n-hexane (HX), chloroform (CF) and ethylacetate (EA), from Enteromorpha prolifera were measured for antioxidant activities, and a structural identification of the active compound was performed using spectroscopic techniques. The CF fraction showed the most potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activities with strong reducing ability. The DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of the CF fraction were comparable to the capacities of the positive controls, BHA and α-tocopherol, at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/mL. However, little correlation (r² = 0.03–0.48) was observed between antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of the extracts. Further fractionation and spectroscopic analysis of the CF fraction suggested that the strong antioxidant activity of the extracts from E. prolifera was because of a chlorophyll compound, pheophorbide a, rather than phenolic compounds.     

Antioxidant effects of solvent extracts from the dried jujube (Zizyphus jujube) sarcocarp,seed, and leaf via sonication

Antioxidant effects of extracts from sarcocarp, seed, and leaf of dried jujube (Zizyphus jujube) were investigated. The highest amount of flavonoids and polyphenol was found in 80% methanol leaf extract at value of 43.04±0.34 and 324.75±6.01 mg/g, respectively. For 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity analysis at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL, 70% ethanol seed extract (94.76±0.23%), and 80% methanol leaf extract (95.46±0.14%) were observed to have higher activity than those of controls, such as butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) (89.60±0.00%), butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) (84.07±0.50%), vitamin C (89.27±0.12%), and vitamin E (88.53±0.12%). All solvent extracts from leaf showed higher ABTS radical scavenging activity (over 98%) than those of controls with their activity values around 94% (500 g/mL). All extracts from sarcocarp and seed showed superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of 24.46–34.84% on the concentrations (100–1,000 g/mL), and 80% methanol leaf extract showed the highest activity (43.66±0.37%) among samples. These results indicate that sarcocarp, seed of dried jujube are all excellent antioxidants, and especially leaf showed higher antioxidant effect than those of vitamin C and E.     

柚皮黄酮类物质的微波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性研究

研究了微波对柚皮中黄酮类物质的提取及其抗氧化活性的影响。同时还研究了水提法、乙醇回流提取法、微波提取法获得的柚皮提取液对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用，以及对小鼠的肝组织脂质过氧化的抑制作用。与水提法、乙醇回流提取法相比，微波法所得提取液对自由基清除率及脂质过氧化的抑制作用较强。其半抑制率浓度分别为33．24，111．78，12．28mg／mL。说明微波提取法能很好的应用于黄酮类物质的提取，同时不会破坏其抗氧化活性。     

共轭亚油酸-精氨酸的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

等摩尔的共轭亚油酸(CLA)和精氨酸(Arg)通过溶解、混合、浓缩和冷冻干燥等步骤制得水溶性的共轭亚油酸-精氨酸(CLA-Arg)复合物,探究了CLA-Arg复合物对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力和对卵黄脂蛋白过氧化的抑制作用,并通过Rancimat法测定不同抗氧化剂对大豆油氧化诱导时间的影响。结果表明:CLA-Arg复合物对DPPH自由基(IC_(50)2.76 mg/mL)和ABTS自由基(IC_(50)1.43 mg/mL)均有良好的清除效果;在浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,其对卵黄脂蛋白过氧化体系的抑制率达到41.8%;在添加量为0.1%时,使得氧化诱导时间延长到1.79 h且高于BHT,从而CLA-Arg具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

Inhibitory effects of chestnut inner skin extracts on melanogenesis

Antioxidant capacities (ABTS radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay), mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced melanogenesis inhibitory effect of 60% methanol extracts and ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin in B16F10 cells were investigated to inspect whitening effect. Above research showed that 60% methanol extracts and ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin resulted in a dose-dependent manner on in vitro antioxidant effects. Especially, the ethylacetate fractions inhibited enzyme activity of mushroom tyrosinases with an IC₅₀ value of 160 μg/mL. Ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin also decreased cellular melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Expression of tyrosinase showed that ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin significantly decreased cellular melanogenesis. Consequently, these results suggest that chestnut inner skin extracts can be considered for a whitening agent of human skin.     

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents

Antioxidant capacities of the essential oil extracted from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were evaluated by three different in vitro assays: β-carotene bleaching assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay and Fe²⁺-metal chelating assay. Results showed that the parsley oil (PO) possessed a certain degree of antioxidant activities in terms of β-carotene bleaching capacity and free radical scavenging activity, but its metal chelating capacity was negligible. The antioxidant EC₅₀ values of the β-carotene bleaching assay and DPPH free radical scavenging assay of the crude PO dissolved in methanol were measured in about 5.12 and 80.21 mg/mL, respectively. However, these values were much weaker than those of BHT in 0.01 and 0.58 mg/mL, and of α-tocopherol in 0.01 and 0.10 mg/mL. Isolation and identification of the inherent antioxidants in PO involved using various chromatographic techniques including silica gel open column chromatography, normal phase-HPLC and GC–MS. Myristicin in PO was found as a dominant compound (32.75%) that exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity. Apiol was the second dominant compound (17.54%), but it might be the major contributor to the antioxidant activity of PO. These results suggest that the PO and its two major components can be potential alternative natural antioxidants.     

Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Philippine sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) varieties

The study established baseline data on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of five sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) varieties grown in the Philippines including Dakol, Emelda, Haponita, PSBSP and Violet. Phenolic content ranged from 192.7 to 1159.0 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /100 g dry sample. Antioxidant activities were highest for Dakol, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.7 ± 0.2 mg/mL for DPPH radical scavenging activity, 2.5 ± 0.5 mg/mL for reducing power, and 2.4 ± 0.3 mg/mL for iron-chelating ability, on a dry basis. However, Haponita had the best inhibitory action on linoleic acid oxidation at 99.4 ± 0.9%. Methanolic sweet potato extracts had higher radical scavenging activity, reducing power and oxidation inhibition than α-tocopherol and higher iron-chelating capacity than ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Significant (∗P < 0.05) negative correlation was observed between total phenolic content and the EC₅₀ for DPPH radical scavenging activity (R = −0.826), reducing power (R = −0.876) and iron-chelating capacity (R = -0.800).     

忧遁草茎中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺优化及比较

为筛选适合忧遁草茎中黄酮类化合物的提取方法,以得率为评价指标,在单因素基础上,通过正交试验优化纤维素酶法和有机溶剂浸提法提取忧遁草茎中的黄酮类化合物工艺;采用ABTS自由基法、DPPH自由基法和还原力法比较提取物的抗氧化性。结果表明,纤维素酶辅助提取忧遁草茎中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度80%(v/v)、温度55 ℃、pH5.0、底物质量浓度30 g/L、酶用量300 U/g、时间1.5 h;有机溶剂浸提的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度80%(v/v)、温度55 ℃、料液比1:15 (g/mL)、时间2.5 h。纤维素酶辅助提取忧遁草茎中的黄酮类化合物得率为(1.32±0.11)%(w/w),高于有机溶剂浸提法的(1.05±0.08)%(w/w)。2种提取方法得到的黄酮化合物均具有较强的抗氧化性,其中纤维素酶辅助提取物清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为(1.94±0.04)、(0.178±0.013)mg/mL,低于有机溶剂提取物的(2.76±0.05)、(0.200±0.015)mg/mL,说明酶法提取物的抗氧化性强于有机溶剂浸提法。忧遁草茎中黄酮类化合物提取采用纤维素酶辅助提取较为适宜。     

Alcalase-generated proteolysates of stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) flesh as a new source of antioxidant peptides

In the present study, the alcalase-generated proteolysates obtained after 8 h of proteolysis of stone fish flesh showed the most potent antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH^? radical scavenging activity (77.43%, IC₅₀ of 0.5 mg/mL), ABTS^? radical scavenging activity (92.73%, IC₅₀ of 0.33 mg/mL) and FRAP value (39.2 mmol/100 mL FeSO₄). These proteolysates profiled and characterized as antioxidative peptides. The proteolysates were initially subjected to ultrafiltration using MWCO Spin-X UF. Potent fractions were further characterized based on hydrophobicity using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and isoelectric point using an OFFGEL isoelectric focusing fractionator. Results indicated that most of the antioxidative peptides found in fractions with a molecular weight (MW) of less than 2 kDa, hydrophilic (hydrophilicity >80%) and basic (pI = 9.7). The final purified fraction with the highest antioxidant activity was selected for peptide identification and sequencing using Q-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of four peptides were identified, from which Peptide 1 (GVSGLHID) showed the highest antioxidant activity and this has potential as a novel bioingredient of nutraceuticals and functional foods to promote human health.     

密楝和吴茱萸果实多糖的体外抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

采用水提醇沉法提取密楝和吴茱萸果实中粗多糖,苯酚-硫酸法测定粗多糖含量。在体外化学模拟条件下,测定密楝和吴茱萸果实粗多糖对羟自由基(·OH)、H2O2和DPPH自由基的清除作用。细胞培养板液体稀释法测定密楝和吴茱萸粗多糖最小抑菌浓度。同时,将密楝果实多糖的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性与吴茱萸果实多糖的活性进行对比。体外实验结果表明：蜜楝果实多糖对·OH、H2O2和DPPH自由基清除能力EC50分别为0.8、0.25mg/mL和0.9mg/mL;吴茱萸果实中粗多糖对·OH、H2O2和DPPH自由基清除能力EC50分别为1.0、0.1mg/mL和0.8mg/mL。两种多糖均表现出较强的清除活性,对H2O2和·OH清除活性尤其明显,而且在相同质量浓度下对H2O2的清除活性明显高于VC。抗菌实验表明,吴茱萸粗多糖的抑菌、杀菌活性强于密楝粗多糖的活性。