纳米α-Al2O3/W复合粉体的制备

论述了非均相沉淀法制备纳米α—Al2O3/W复合粉体的实验过程,以及纳米钨粉对α—Al2O3相转变温度的影响.结果表明:纳米钨粉的存在降低了α—Al2O3的相转变温度.本实验所制凝胶在1000℃真空中煅烧1h可获得平均粒径<50nm的α—Al2O3/W粉体.     

Al2O3微粉的表面改性及表征

以α—Al2O3微粉为基体，Y(NO3)3溶液为包裹相，采用液相包裹法进行加钇颗粒表面改性。获得了表面均匀包裹Y2O3的α—Al2O3粉体。将此粉体与Al合金复合制备复合材料，复合材料组织更加均匀，对材料进行力学性能测试，结果表明：改性粉体对Al合金增强效果明显增加，抗拉强度提高27．2％，屈服强度提高33．1％，延伸率提高10．3％。     

Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)-SiC纳米复合材料的制备及性能

本文研究了非均相沉淀法制备Al2O3－ZrO2（3Y）－SiC复合粉体的工艺过程,认为粉体的理烧温度是至关重要的,热压烧结得到了致密的Al2O3－ZrO2（3Y）－SiC纳米复合材料,ZrO2的加入对烧结温度的影响不大．通过TEM观察,SiC颗粒均匀分散于材料中,大的ZrO2颗粒位于Al2O3晶粒间,小的圆形ZrO2颗粒位于Al2O3晶粒内,一部分Al2O3晶粒呈非等轴状．80Wt％Al2O3－15wt％ZrO2－5Wt％SiC纳米复合材料的抗弯强度可达555MPa,韧性为3.8MPa．m1／2.     

Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）层状纳米复合材料的制备与性能优化

为优化Al2O3层状复合材料的制备工艺及力学性能,选用不同初始粉体为原料制备了系列Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)层状复合材料。借助X射线衍射、冷场发射扫描电镜和万能试验机等手段,系统考察了粉体结构和形貌对层状复合材料显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明:初始粉体的颗粒尺寸及尺寸分布会显著影响层状复合材料的显微结构及力学性能,以球磨微-纳米复合粉体为原料制备的层状复合材料具有最佳的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂功分别可达740MPa及3892J.m-2。同时,材料具有较高的层间结合强度,平行于层方向的抗弯强度高达436MPa。     

纳米Al2O3的晶型对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜性能的影响

将经偶联剂处理的纳米Al2O3粉体,借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出Al2O3不同晶型、不同含量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对杂化薄膜微观形貌、聚集态结构、光透过率、热稳定性、电击穿场强进行研究,分析Al2O3晶型和含量对PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明:PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的热稳定性,电击穿场强均高于纯PI薄膜,且随着纳米Al2O3含量的提高热稳定性也随之提高,电击穿场强先升高后降低;填充Al2O3粉体的晶型对PI薄膜分子链堆积密度有较大的影响,导致添加不同晶型Al2O3的杂化薄膜性能的差异.     

Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能及热传导的影响

在微米氮化铝粉体中添加含量为4%的Y2O3和不同含量的纳米AlN粉体制备氮化铝陶瓷,研究了Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对微米氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能和热传导性能的影响。结果表明,Y2O3优先与纳米AlN粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成活性较高的第二相Al5Y3O12,相比于Y2O3与微米AlN粉体表面Al2O3反应生成的Al5Y3O12,具有更低的熔化温度及更好的流动性;同时,纳米AlN粉体的高比表面能也促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密化进程。二者的协同作用有效地促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结,改善第二相的微观分布,从而能在较低的烧结温度下获得具有较高热导率的氮化铝陶瓷。当Y2O3和纳米AlN粉体的添加量(质量分数)分别为4%和1.5%时,在1800℃烧结得到的氮化铝陶瓷密度为3.26 g·cm-3,第二相以连续相的形式分布于氮化铝晶界处,热导率为151.75 W/(m.K)。     

TiN-Al2O3纳米复合材料的力学性能和导电性能

以纳米TiN和α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用球磨混合法制备了纳米TiN-Al2O3复合粉体,通过热压烧结得到致密烧结体.研究了纳米TiN颗粒对Al2O3材料力学性能和导电性能的影响,实验结果表明:在Al2O3基体中加入15vol％TiN纳米颗粒时,Al2O3材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别从370MPa和3.4MPa·m1/2提高到690MPa和5.1MPa·m1/2,随着TiN添加量的增加,复合材料的电阻率逐渐降低,在25vol％TiN时达到最低值(6.5×10-3Ω·cm).     

碳酸铝铵热分解制备α-Al2O3超细粉

研究了以硫酸铝铵和碳酸氢铵为原料合成碳酸铝铵的工艺条件．在实验条件范围内，将硫酸铝铵溶液以低于1．2L．h－1的速度加入到碳酸氢铵溶液中，可合成碳酸铝铵；在其它操作条件下，获得的产物为γ－AlOOHγ－AlOOH升温过程中的物相变化次序为：γ－AlOOH→γ－Al2O3→δ－Al2O3→θ－Al2O3→α－Al2O3;而碳酸铝铵的相变次序为：碳酸铝铵→无定型Al2O3→θ－Al2O3→α－Al2O3碳酸铝铵转变为θ－Al2O3和α－Al2O3的温度均比γ－AlOOH低约100℃γ－AlOOH在1200℃煅烧1h方可完全转变为α－Al2O3，其颗粒尺寸为150um；粉体经1450℃、2h烧结相对密度为84.46％；而碳酸铝铵在1100℃煅烧1h就可完全转变为α-Al2O3，其颗粒尺寸为70um，粉体在相同的烧结条件下相对密度可达97.80％     

溶胶-水热法制备纳米SrTiO3及其表面包覆Al2O3的研究

采用溶胶-水热法制备纳米SrTiO粉体,并采用非均匀形核法在纳米SrTiO3粉体颗粒表面包覆一层Al2O3.借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(SL)、红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品进行比较分析.结果表明,用溶胶-水热法制得的SrTiO3粉体颗粒具有较小的粒径,但团聚现象比较严重;经过表面包覆Al2O3后的SrTiO3粉体颗粒粒径小,形状规则,呈球状,分散性好,分布均匀,团聚现象得到改善.     

激光刻蚀工艺对Al2O3-ZrO2固溶度和结晶度的影响

利用X射线衍射，X射线吸收精细结构谱和高分辨电镜研究了激光刻蚀工艺对Al2O3-ZrO2固溶度和结晶度的影响．结果表明，Al2O3在ZrO2中的固溶度越大，ZrO2晶体结构无序度越大．样品室的空气压力越大，粉体中无定形相的含量越大．无定形ZrO2中存在短程有序-长程无序结构Zr-O-Zr（Al）．同Al2O3-ZrO2固溶体相比，无定形ZrO2具有更短的Zr-O和Zr-Zr（Al）原子间距离和更大的无序度．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from