P110油管腐蚀穿孔分析

通过化学成分分析、金相检验和腐蚀产物分析等方法对P110油管腐蚀穿孔的原因进行了分析。结果表明:CO2腐蚀是造成油管腐蚀穿孔失效的主要原因。     

大庆油田某水处理系统管道内腐蚀穿孔原因分析

为了查明大庆油田某水处理系统管道内腐蚀穿孔失效的原因,通过水质分析、材质成分分析、开路电位测试、腐蚀形貌分析、腐蚀产物分析等方法对其进行了研究。结果表明:焊接高温破坏管道内防腐蚀层以及管内介质具有轻度腐蚀性,是内腐蚀失效的主要原因;弯头与焊缝、直管材质成分不同而引起的电偶腐蚀,加速了焊接接头附近焊缝和直管的腐蚀,引起穿孔。     

某输油管道腐蚀穿孔原因

某油田在巡线过程中发现输油管道有泄漏现象,通过宏观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验和腐蚀产物分析等方法,结合服役工况,对输油管道腐蚀穿孔的原因进行了分析。结果表明:环焊缝防腐补口的密封失效而导致的外层腐蚀是输油管道腐蚀穿孔的主要原因,同时土壤中的Cl^-加速了腐蚀穿孔的发生。     

某注水井油管腐蚀穿孔失效分析

某注水井油管发生腐蚀穿孔失效。通过宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、力学性能测试、细菌培养试验等方法对油管腐蚀穿孔失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明:硫酸盐还原菌和腐生菌的存在使溶液中SO_4~(2-)被还原成H_2S,H_2S的存在引发了油管管壁的腐蚀,从而造成了油管腐蚀穿孔。油管的腐蚀类型为垢下微生物腐蚀。     

某天然气管线腐蚀穿孔失效分析

为了解决某天然气输送管线的腐蚀穿孔失效问题,确定造成输气管道腐蚀失效的主要因素,采用扫描电子显微镜、EDS、XRD等分析方法,对某天然气输送管线失效位置进行了宏观形貌、微观形貌、材质及腐蚀产物等的分析研究.结果表明:失效管段处于低洼易积水处,局部腐蚀及穿孔主要发生在6点钟方向.通过元素成分分析和力学性能分析,确定管线材质符合标准要求.腐蚀产物分析表明:腐蚀产物中有硫化物和碳酸盐的存在,且含量较多,管道底部积水诱发的H2S电化学腐蚀和碳酸盐的沉积结垢引起的垢下腐蚀是导致腐蚀穿孔的主要原因.     

某海上注水井N80油管腐蚀穿孔失效分析

通过宏观分析、理化性能分析、金相分析、XRD分析、扫描电镜微观形貌分析和能谱分析、水质和细菌测试、有限元分析等方法,并结合实际现场工况,对海上某注水管柱在底部配水器下方发生局部腐蚀穿孔的原因和机理进行分析。结果表明：该油管是垢下细菌腐蚀导致的内腐蚀穿孔,酸化作业后残酸中的高Cl^-加速了局部腐蚀穿孔,据此提出采用定期投加药剂和采用耐蚀管以防止油管早期腐蚀穿孔失效的建议。     

某注水井P110油管外腐蚀穿孔原因分析

通过对注水井腐蚀穿孔油管进行宏观形貌、材质性能及腐蚀产物成分的分析,结合服役工况调研和油管中性点计算,对注水井P110油管外腐蚀穿孔原因进行了探讨.研究结果表明:全井深油管仅腐蚀穿孔P110油管出现明显局部腐蚀,且失效油管腐蚀形貌呈"溃疡状",同时该失效油管位于中性点以下,处于正弦屈曲状态;穿孔油管材质性能符合标准API SPEC 5CT-2011对P110钢的要求,油管外壁腐蚀产物主要为FeOOH和CaCO3.因此,P110油管在屈曲状态下与套管接触形成缝隙,而后发生缝隙腐蚀失效.腐蚀类型为吸氧腐蚀,腐蚀主控因素为缝隙效应和溶解氧含量,腐蚀机理为闭塞电池的酸化自催化效应.     

垃圾焚烧炉高铬白口铸铁炉排片腐蚀穿孔失效分析

某垃圾焚烧炉投入运行17 440h后,其高铬白口铸铁炉排片发生腐蚀穿孔失效,通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度试验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,分析了该炉排片腐蚀穿孔失效的原因。结果表明:机组运行时冷却风量不足,焚烧垃圾中的氯、硫等腐蚀性元素导致炉排片在铬元素偏析位置发生高温腐蚀反应,腐蚀产物在高温烟气的快速冲刷下不断脱落,使炉排片壁厚不断减薄,最后在薄弱部位发生腐蚀穿孔失效。     

船舶冷却系统铜镍合金管腐蚀穿孔原因

采用体视显微镜、金相显微镜、电子探针等分析测试方法对腐蚀穿孔失效的BFe10-1.6-1铜镍合金管进行失效分析。结果表明：失效管的内壁存在不同程度的划痕，且腐蚀坑内壁显微组织呈现“波纹”状，符合海水冲刷腐蚀的特征；腐蚀区的显微组织呈现“冰糖块”状，符合晶间腐蚀的特征；腐蚀坑内的泥沙沉积致使管道发生点蚀。结合船用铜镍合金管的使用工况，确认该失效管腐蚀穿孔失效的主要原因是海水冲刷腐蚀、晶间腐蚀及点蚀。     

某海上油田海水系统青铜阀门腐蚀穿孔原因分析

某海上油田海水系统发生泄漏,经调查为某青铜截止阀腐蚀穿孔所致。针对此截止阀腐蚀失效开展了宏观分析、理化性能检验、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析等。结果表明:铸造加工缺陷导致材料耐蚀性降低是导致阀门腐蚀穿孔的主要原因;阀门穿孔位置遭受较严重冲刷腐蚀,是导致弯头腐蚀穿孔次要原因。建议今后对新购进青铜铸造构件加强质检,确保质量和耐蚀性合格,优化此类阀门结构设计,避免阀体局部遭受严重冲刷腐蚀。     

Q235B钢原油储罐底板腐蚀穿孔原因

某Q235B钢储罐底板发生腐蚀穿孔泄漏事故。通过宏观分析、微观分析、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验等方法,对储罐底板腐蚀穿孔原因进行了分析。结果表明:储罐底板的涂层因质量较差发生鼓包后破损,在破损点发生了氧腐蚀,进而导致储罐底板腐蚀穿孔。     

Root cause analysis for 316L stainless steel tube leakages

Perforation of ASTM A270 TP316L stainless steel tube, used for transportation of ozonated high purity water in a pharmaceutical plant, was discovered after 3 months in actual service. The current investigation was conducted in order to explore the root causes of failure. Various techniques including on-site investigation, emission spectroscopy, ion chromatography, radioscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and intergranular corrosion testing were implemented for failure analysis of the tube components. The results revealed that the perforation of tube was initiated from the outer wall and extended to the inner wall by pitting corrosion. The stagnant state of chloride-containing water was the main reason for inducing such corrosion attack. The weld metal was the most susceptible to corrosion attack leading to perforation of the wall thickness, although initiation sites of pitting corrosion were also observed in the base metal. The dimensions of each pit mouth are very small, but enlarged subsurface cavities were observed. The selective dissolution of material due to galvanic effects between delta-ferrite and the austenite matrix occurred in the weld zone. It is suggested that failure prevention could be achieved by controlling the quality of the insulation system. In addition, careful control of welding conditions must be implemented during fabrication.     

加氢精制装置高压临氢管道失效原因分析

某炼油厂柴油加氢精制装置的高压临氢管道在使用过程中突然爆炸起火.对该管道的失效原因进行较详尽分析后指出:由于管道长期在H2、H2S、高温、高压等恶劣工作环境下服役,材料受到氢腐蚀导致材质劣化使管道爆裂失效.严格按照Nelson曲线选用适宜的材料可以延长管道的使用寿命.     

Failure analysis and mechanical performance of an oil pipeline

This paper presents a work scheme for failure analysis of buried oil pipelines. The scheme provides answers for two main questions at least: what were the causes that made the system fail and why the system failed in the way it did. The scheme is based on five stages and the results of these stages are related to each other and consistent with the type of failure, thereby providing objective conclusions. The proposed scheme was successfully applied to a case of a buried oil pipeline whose failure was a result of external corrosion. We established the occurrence of accelerated corrosion characterized by two corrosion mechanisms: one involving iron oxides and the other, iron sulfides. Furthermore, the ductile type failure has proved to be due to leakage, which is consistent with the reported evidence.     

某单井管道失效原因分析

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和水介质模拟软件(OLI)等手段对单井管道出现的腐蚀失效问题进行了分析。结果表明:失效管道材质满足GB/T 699-2015的要求,管道内表面存在有由FeCO3、CaCO3等物质组成的腐蚀产物层,腐蚀产物的不均匀分布导致管道发生垢下腐蚀,并在CO2-H2S-Cl-介质的促进作用下,导致管道腐蚀穿孔。建议定期开展清管作业,并使用配套的清管缓蚀剂进行防护。     

Failure assessment on offshore girth welded pipelines due to corrosion defects

Corrosion is an electrochemical process in offshore pipelines where the material strength begins to decrease as corrosion advances. Numerous studies have been performed to determine the remaining strengths (failure pressure) of corroded pipelines. Currently the axial corrosions of the girth welded pipelines still leave much to be understood. This study attempted to simulate girth welded pipeline with various corroded depths and lengths in order to compare with offshore pipeline design manuals. Based on the numerical results, the influence of corrosion defects parameters on remaining strengths were investigated for girth welded pipelines. The investigation on the effect of strength mismatch revealed that in the cases of under‐matched, higher failure pressures are obtained. Comparisons of current results with B31G‐2012 and DNV‐RP‐F101 demonstrated that both codes may produce somewhat conservative predictions on the failure pressure. Furthermore, an equation was proposed to evaluate the corrosion progress across girth welded pipelines.     

Pipeline failures in corrosive environments – A conceptual analysis of trends and effects

Pipeline corrosion is a major challenge facing many oil and gas industries today because of the enormous downtime associated with corrosion related failures. Fatigue stress initiation in pipelines has been attributed to corrosion defects whose growth is enhanced by cyclic loading caused by the operating pressure of the transported fluids. This work reviews the concept of oil and gas transmission pipeline failures in corrosive environment by highlighting the corrosion mechanisms, dominant stress corrosion cracking trends, hydrogen induced cracking and predominant models for burst pressure estimation. Fatigue stress failure trends of corroding pipelines were also explained whilst describing some pipeline manufacturing processes that increases the susceptibility to fatigue stress failure. Optimization framework for pipeline integrity assurance against corrosion fatigue failures was also shown to incorporate different steps that includes – strategic policy initiation, policy implementation, information analysis and reviews and implementation actions.     

在役石油化工管道腐蚀现状及修复对策

由于受外部环境影响以及加工原油不断劣质化,导致管体内外腐蚀日趋严重,介绍了石油化工管道腐蚀现状、腐蚀原因以及修复对策。分析了碳纤维复合材料补强修复技术对石油化工腐蚀管道修复的适用性、可行性。碳纤维补强技术在石油化工腐蚀管道的成功在线应用,表明其在管道的完整性管理和长周期运行中发挥着重要的作用。