共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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核电站人因失误的动态灰色关联分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于人的失误率预测技术(THERP)和失误分析方法(CREAM),运用一种动态的、关注影响结果的人因失误动态灰色关联分析方法,搜集、整理、分析了2006年至2008年间我国6座运行核电厂的人因事件情况.在此基础上,对人因事件进行分类,运用动态灰色关联分析得到相应的关联度,提出核电厂应重点控制与预防管理的人因失误因素. 相似文献
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人的认知失误事件定量分析法的进展及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
认知可靠性与人误分析法(即认知失误分析法,CREAM)是具有代表性的第2代可靠性分析(HRA)方法,它可从回顾式和预测式进行班组人误事件概率的定量分析.本工作除描述了通用的CREAM方法外,还建立了用环境影响指数β与共同绩效条件(CPC)因子关系的人误事件概率简化的定量化公式,可用于计算核电厂人误事故中班组的人误事件概率.并假想以秦山一期蒸汽发生器传热管破裂(SGTR)事故为例,说明人的认知失误事件概率的计算过程及结果,为核电厂概率安全评价(PSA)的班组人因分析提供了另一种有效的途径,使核电厂的风险的概率估计值更为客观、更有参考价值. 相似文献
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为识别数字化人-机界面中可能诱发人因失误或弱化操纵员绩效的设计缺陷,建立了一种基于HRA的人-机界面评价方法:HCR+CREAM+HEC。首先,采用HCR方法从事件整体中识别出失误概率高的风险场景;然后,针对高风险场景采用CREAM方法确定各种失误模式及其失误概率,并对失误概率进行排序;最后,依据数字化人-机界面特征建立人因工程检查表,对失误概率高的人-机界面进行审查,以识别人-机界面设计中存在的缺陷,并提出改进建议。结果表明,该方法能快速有效地识别出数字化人-机界面设计中存在的容易诱发人因失误的缺陷,通过设计优化提高核电站数字控制系统运行的安全性。 相似文献
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为分析核电厂应急人员在处理严重事故时可能发生的人因失误,通过建立不同应急人员的认知模型及识别相应的行为影响因子,在认知功能的基础上识别出13种人因失误模式:信息来源不足、信息可靠性不佳、过早结束对参数的获取、重要数据处理不正确、缓解措施负面影响评估失误、选择不适用当前情景的策略、延迟决策、遗漏重要信息/警报、延迟发觉、软操作失误、信息反馈失效、设备安装/连接/操作失误、延迟实施,并基于故障树分析得出人因失误模式的主要根原因:交流失效、时间压力、事故发展的不确定性、信息接收延误、监视失误、人-机界面不佳和环境因素。分析结果可用于预测严重事故缓解进程中可能出现的人因失误,为核电厂实施严重事故管理和技术改进,以及保障严重事故工况下核电厂安全提供参考。 相似文献
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核电厂临时设备作为严重事故缓解的重要设施,其接入工序大多较为复杂。为了分析核电厂人员在临时设备投运时的可靠性,通过研究福岛核事故后改进项所增设临时设备接入行为的特征,基于人因失误模式和影响分析,定义人因失误发生概率、人因失误影响程度、人因失误可恢复概率为风险因子,结合专家评价与模糊语言理论提出一种临时设备投运人员可靠性评估模型。以全厂断电事故下移动电源的接入任务为例,应用所建模型获得了该任务中的人误模式重要度排序及合理的风险见解,验证了模型的可行性。 相似文献
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The current ‘second generation’ approaches in human reliability analysis focus their attention on the contextual conditions under which a given action is performed rather than on the notion of inherent human error probabilities, as was done in the earlier ‘first generation’ techniques. Among the ‘second generation’ methods, this paper considers the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) and proposes some developments with respect to a systematic procedure for computing probabilities of action failure. The starting point for the quantification is a previously introduced fuzzy version of the CREAM paradigm which is here further extended to include uncertainty on the qualification of the conditions under which the action is performed and to account for the fact that the effects of the common performance conditions (CPCs) on performance reliability may not all be equal. By the proposed approach, the probability of action failure is estimated by rating the performance conditions in terms of their effect on the action. 相似文献
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《Annals of Nuclear Energy》2001,28(11):1069-1081
Advanced, computer-based man-machine interface (MMI) is emerging as part of the new design of nuclear power plants. The impact of advanced MMI on the operator performance, and as a result, on plant safety should be thoroughly evaluated before such technology is actually adopted in the plants. This paper discusses the applicability of human reliability analysis (HRA) to support the design review process. Both the first-generation and the second-generation HRA methods are considered focusing on a couple of promising HRA methods, i.e. ATHEANA and CREAM, with the potential to assist the design review process. 相似文献
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辐照保鲜是当前发展的一项新的食品保藏技术,其安全性为人们所关注。为此,近卅年来各国对辐照食品进行了大量的研究。结果证明经适当剂量辐照的食品是安全的。但随着生命科学的深入研究,揭示了某些微量元素对健康的密切关系,为此,测定辐照食品喂饲的大白鼠血清中微量元素的变化,以验证辐照食品的安全性。 相似文献
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Youngin Choi Jong-Beom Park Sang-Jeong Lee Young-Pil Park Jin-Sung Kim 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2016,53(11):1701-1714
To secure reliability of the seismic design of the reactor vessel internals (RVIs) through the finite element analysis, it is important to develop the accurate analysis model which can represent the geometric complexity of the RVIs. However, the seismic analysis requires too large computation cost to solve the complex equations; thus, it needs to reduce the overall size of the analysis model. Here, we apply a model reduction method based on the fixed-interface component mode synthesis (CMS) method to practical RVIs to solve complex numerical problems efficiently. To verify the model reduction method, several cases of the RVIs with different conditions are analyzed for the static and dynamic problems. Finally, the seismic analysis was performed with the suggested reduced model with the CMS method. The time history analysis is performed to extract important seismic responses at the specified locations, and the stress analysis is also performed to identify that the RVIs satisfy the seismic design. In the last part of the paper, an example of the design modification is suggested to reduce the stress intensity at the support locations. 相似文献
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Data analysis in risk assessments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several issues pertaining to data analysis in risk assessments are investigated. The derivation and interpretation of generic distributions are detailed. It is suggested that the generic distributions in the literature may be narrower than it can be justified. Methods for analyzing plant-specific data are summarized. Finally, the uncertainties in human error rates are discussed. 相似文献