Generation of 20-fs optical pulses from a gain-switched laser diodeby a four-stage soliton compression technique

7.5-ps optical pulses generated from a gain-switched semiconductor laser at 2 GHz are successfully compressed down to 20 fs using a four-stage fiber soliton pulse compressor consisting of standard single-mode transmission, Er-doped, dispersion-decreasing, and dispersion-flattened fibers, respectively. We have experimentally confirmed that the soliton self-frequency shift plays an important role in obtaining such high compression in very short fibers, and also in minimizing the inherent undesirable pedestal component     

70 Gbit/s fibre based source of fundamental solitons at 1550 nm

The generation of a 70 Gbit/s CW soliton train with a mark-space ratio of 1:11 from a fibre system based on the nonlinear propagation of a dual-frequency beat-signal within dispersion decreasing fibre is reported.<>     

Generation of polarisation-entangled photon pairs at 1550 nm using two PPLN waveguides

Generation of polarisation-entangled photon pairs at 1550 nm is demonstrated using two periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. In two-photon interference experiments, the coincidence detection rate was 0.53 kHz with a visibility of /spl sim/94% (after subtraction of accidental coincidences). The ratio of single-photon to coincidence detection rate is /spl sim/50.     

Transmission of 2-ps optical pulses at 1550 nm over 40-km standardfiber using midspan optical phase conjugation in semiconductor opticalamplifiers

We demonstrate transmission of 2-ps optical pulses at 1550 nm over 40 km of standard fiber by employing midspan optical phase conjugation in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The second-order group-velocity dispersion of the fiber is completely compensated and the third-order dispersion becomes a major transmission limitation. This experiment shows that the midspan optical phase conjugation system using SOAs is applicable to ultrahigh bit rates greater than 100 Gb/s     

Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre

Optimised compression of femtosecond fibre laser pulses in highly nonlinear fibre is demonstrated. Specifically reported are compressed pulse durations below 30 fs using a simple setup where a single sub-10 cm segment of highly nonlinear fibre is directly spliced to the output pigtail of a commercial femtosecond fibre laser. The compressed pulse quality is confirmed through frequency resolved optical gating measurements.     

High performance fused-type mode-selective coupler using ellipticalcore two-mode fiber at 1550 nm

In this letter, we demonstrate a high performance fused-type mode selective coupler that couples the LP₁₁ mode in one fiber and the LP₀₁ mode in another using highly elliptical core two-mode fibers. The phase-matching condition was achieved by etching and prepulling portions of two-mode fibers. The coupling efficiency and the mode extinction ratio of 56% to 80% and 22-32 dB, respectively, were achieved with high temperature stability over 1515- to 1595-nm wavelength range     

Complete characterization of ultrashort pulse sources at 1550 nm

This paper reviews the use of frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) to characterize mode-locked lasers producing ultrashort pulses suitable for high-capacity optical communications systems at wavelengths around 1550 nm, Second harmonic generation (SHG) FROG is used to characterize pulses from a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser, and both single-mode and dual-mode gain-switched semiconductor lasers. The compression of gain-switched pulses in dispersion compensating fiber is also studied using SHG-FROG, allowing optimal compression conditions to be determined without a priori assumptions about pulse characteristics. We also describe a fiber-based FROG geometry exploiting cross-phase modulation and show that it is ideally suited to pulse characterization at optical communications wavelengths. This technique has been used to characterize picosecond pulses with energy as low as 24 pJ, giving results in excellent agreement with SHG-FROG characterization, and without any temporal ambiguity in the retrieved pulse     

Efficient generation of picosecond pulses at 243 nm

A new method is reported for generating tunable picosecond light pulses in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The system consists of a synchronously pumped mode-locked coumarin 102 dye laser which is mode-matched into an enhancement ring cavity with a mode spacing tuned to the repetition rate of the dye laser. A frequency modulation locking technique locks the carrier frequency of the mode-locked dye laser pulse train to the enhancement cavity. A beta-barium borate crystal was used to produce an average power of greater than 70 mW at 243 nm. There are many potential applications for this source, including the investigation of the 1S to 2S transition in atomic hydrogen using Doppler-free two-photon coherent multiple pulse spectroscopy     

近红外1550 nm单光子探测器硬件电路设计

针对现有单光子探测器模块价格昂贵和体积大的不足,设计了基于 InGaAs／InP 雪崩光电二极管（APD）的便携式单光子探测器,给出了探测器温控模块和偏置电压源的设计电路,门控信号的产生和雪崩信号的提取由 FPGA 完成。实验结果表明：在200 MHz 门控条件且制冷温度为－55℃时,探测器的最大光子探测效率（PDE）约为16％,当探测效率为12％时,暗计数率（DCR）约为8．2×10－6／ns。     

Long-distance test of Bell's inequality in 1550 nm band using polarisation entanglement

A report is presented of observed violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, a particular form of Bell's inequality, in polarisation-entangled photon pairs in the 1550 nm band. Accidental coincidences were included as detected in the S value evaluation of the CHSH inequality. A 10.5 km fibre was used as a quantum channel.     

利用线性啁啾光纤光栅进行脉冲压缩的研究

利用光纤－线性啁啾光纤光栅进行光脉冲的压缩,首先讨论了线性啁啾光纤光栅的色散特性,并给出耦合系数为反高斯函数的线性啁啾光纤光栅的色散特性;然后利用此种光纤光栅与正常色散光纤结合进行光脉冲的压缩,通过理论和数值分析,得出一简单设计规则;最后利用此规划设计一个压缩因子为１０的光纤－线性啁啾光纤光栅压缩器。     

1310nm和1550nm波长的光纤弯曲损耗及对光缆线路测试的探讨

单模通信光纤在1550nm波长的损耗小于在1310nm波长的损耗,而在1550nm波长光纤的弯曲损耗大于在1310nm波长光纤的弯曲损耗。基于这种事实,文章对光缆线路工程中简化光纤测试工作的方法和意义以及有关弯曲损耗的一些值得注意的实际问题进行了详细的讨论。     

1550nm波段光纤CATV传输系统的噪声分析及组网

对1500nm波段光CATV噪声的产生的机制进行了讨论.重点分析了EDFA产生的噪声特性,对系统载噪比(CNR)与EDFA输入功率之间的关系和系统CNR与调制指数的关系进行了研究,得出了提高CNR的方案;对光CATV组网方案进行了讨论,给出了一个光CATV网络设计的实例.     

1550nm低推挽电压聚合物定向耦合电光开关的设计

应用保角变换法、镜像法、耦合模理论和电光调制理论设计了一种推挽电极聚合物脊形波导定向耦合电光开关,阐述了基本结构和工作原理,给出了器件的设计和优化过程,主要分析了耦合长度、开关电压、输出光功率、插入损耗、串扰等特性.为了实现正常的开关功能,讨论了制作公差、波谱漂移以及单模光纤耦合损耗对器件性能的影响.模拟结果表明,所设计的开关的耦合长度为3082μm,开关电压为2.14V;插入损耗小于1.14dB,串扰小于-30dB.与BPM仿真结果以及实验结果的对比表明,文中提出的波导和电极的理论分析与计算方法具有较高的精度和可行性.     

1550nm低推挽电压聚合物定向耦合电光开关的设计

应用保角变换法、镜像法、耦合模理论和电光调制理论设计了一种推挽电极聚合物脊形波导定向耦合电光开关,阐述了基本结构和工作原理,给出了器件的设计和优化过程,主要分析了耦合长度、开关电压、输出光功率、插入损耗、串扰等特性. 为了实现正常的开关功能,讨论了制作公差、波谱漂移以及单模光纤耦合损耗对器件性能的影响. 模拟结果表明,所设计的开关的耦合长度为3082μm,开关电压为2.14V;插入损耗小于1.14dB,串扰小于-30dB. 与BPM仿真结果以及实验结果的对比表明,文中提出的波导和电极的理论分析与计算方法具有较高的精度和可行性.     

Analysis of truncated periodic array using two-stage wavelet-packettransformations for impedance matrix compression

A novel method of moments procedure is applied to the problem of scattering by metallic truncated periodic arrays. In such problems, the induced current shows localized behavior within the unit cell and at the same time exhibits cell-to-cell periodicity. In order to select a set of expansion functions that may account for such behavior, a two-stage basis transformation, of which the first stage is an ordinary wavelet transformation performed independently on each unit-cell, has been applied to a pulse basis. The resultant basis functions at the first stage are regrouped and retransformed to reveal the periodicity of their coefficients. Expansion functions are then iteratively selected from this newly constructed basis to form a compressed impedance matrix. The compression ratios obtained in this manner are higher than the compression ratio achieved using a basis constructed via an ordinary single-stage wavelet transformation, where compression is the ratio between the number of nonzero elements in the matrix used to solve the problem and the number of elements in the original matrix. An even higher compression is attained by considering, in addition, functions that reveal array-end related features and iteratively selecting the expansion from an overcomplete dictionary     

Comprehensive Characterization of InGaAs–InP Avalanche Photodiodes at 1550 nm With an Active Quenching ASIC

We present an active quenching application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), for use in conjunction with InGaAs–InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs), for 1550-nm single-photon detection. To evaluate its performance, we first compare its operation with that of standard quenching electronics. We then test four InGaAs–InP APDs using the ASIC, operating both in the free-running and gated modes, to study more general behavior. We investigate not only the standard parameters under different working conditions but also parameters such as charge persistence and quenching time. We also use the multiple trapping model to account for the afterpulsing behavior in the gated mode, and further propose a model to take account of the afterpulsing effects in the free-running mode. Our results clearly indicate that the performance of APDs with an on-chip quenching circuit significantly surpasses the conventional quenching electronics and makes them suitable for practical applications, e.g., quantum cryptography.      

Transmission of 622 Mbit/s spectrum-sliced WDM channel over 60 kmof nondispersion-shifted fibre at 1550 nm

The transmission of a spectrum-sliced WDM channel at 622 Mbit/s over 60 km of nondispersion-shifted fibre using an optical bandwidth of only 0.23 nm is reported. This is the highest single channel bit rate-length product (40 Gbit/s·km) and smallest channel bandwidth reported to date for spectrum-sliced WDM systems. The bit error rate performance is theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed and limits on the bit rate-length products of spectrum-sliced WDM channels using nondispersion-shifted fibre in the 1550 nm window are given     

Error-free 250 km transmission in standard fibre using compact 10 Gbit/s chirp-managed directly modulated lasers (CML) at 1550 nm

10 Gbit/s transmission over 250 km of standard fibre at 1550 nm with 4.8 dB penalty using a transmitter comprising a directly modulated DFB laser, a multi-cavity filter and a standard receiver, is demonstrated.     

The compression of optical pulses using self-phase-modulation andlinearly chirped Bragg-gratings in fibers

We report the first demonstration of pulse compression in optical fiber using linearly chirped Bragg gratings as quadratic compressors for pulses spectrally broadened by self-phase modulation. With the system investigated an initial 2 ps, bandwidth limited pulse is compressed by a factor of >10. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with analytical and numerical calculations. Such a system allows high quality compression of pulses in optical fiber for the first time