白地酶脂肪酶选择性酯化分离CLA异构体的研究

本文研究共轭亚油酸异构体的分离方法。利用白地霉脂肪酶(Geotrichumcandidumlipase,GCL)催化合成正丁酯的方法,考察温度、体系水分、酶用量、反应时间、底物配比对脂肪酶催化酯化率和脂肪酸丁酯中c9t11含量的影响。结果表明,经过酯化的脂肪酸丁酯层中c9t11CLA含量达到79.85%,t10c12CLA含量为4.59%;含有13.75%的油酸;c9t11CLA占共轭亚油酸两种异构体总含量的94.56%。形成c9t11CLA正丁醇酯的选择性系数平均为17.80。脂肪酸与正丁醇比例对脂肪酸酯中c9t11CLA含量具有显著性影响,在选取的范围内水分含量、酶用量的影响不显著。要得到较高c9t11CLA含量的脂肪酸产物,反应因子应选择:水分为0.50%,脂肪酸与正丁醇用量比为2.00∶1.00,酶用量为100U/g。白地霉脂肪酶对催化c9t11共轭亚油酸与正丁醇的酯化反应具有较高的选择性,因此,脂肪酶选择性酯化分离CLA异构体的方法是可行的。     

无溶剂体系酶法催化合成共轭亚油酸薄荷酯

在无溶剂体系中采用脂肪酶AY 30催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)和L-薄荷醇反应,合成共轭亚油酸薄荷酯。研究了酶用量、水用量、反应温度和反应时间对酯化率和产物共轭亚油酸薄荷酯组成的影响。结果表明:最佳酯化率的反应条件为酶用量2%,水用量8%,反应温度45℃,反应时间48h;产物中c9t,11-CLA含量最高时的反应条件为酶用量2%,水用量4%,反应温度40℃,反应时间12 h,在此条件下,产物中c9,t11-CLA含量可达86.32%。     

共轭亚油酸两种主要异构体冷冻结晶分离工艺研究

应用冷冻结晶技术,对共轭亚油酸两种主要异构体c9,t11 CLA和t10,c12 CLA进行分离。结果表明,通过尿素包合法,去除原料中的饱和脂肪酸,然后在乙醇作溶剂情况下,将乙醇与共轭亚油酸乙酯按18:1配比,置于-56℃低温冷柜中,反应96 h后得沉淀结晶产品,其所含的t10,c12 CLA比c9,t11 CLA高达12.28:1,共轭亚油酸总含量为95.17%。     

超临界CO2状态下直接酯化法制备共轭亚油酸甘油酯

在超临界CO2状态下,采用脂肪酶催化共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)与甘油反应制备共轭亚油酸甘油酯,分别应用单因素和正交试验考察分子筛添加量、酶用量、反应压力、温度和时间对CLA酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为分子筛用量6%、酶用量4%、反应温度60℃、反应时间20h、反应压力11MPa,此条件下CLA的酯化率可达到90.98%。这种CLA甘油酯的脂肪酸组成中,9c,11t-CLA和10t,12c-CLA的含量分别为37.79%和41.66%。     

酶法拆分制备共轭亚油酸功能单体

研究利用Lipase AYS催化甲醇和共轭亚油酸(CLA)进行酯化反应,以期对共轭亚油酸异构体进行拆分制备共轭亚油酸功能单体。通过考察酯化反应的影响因素,确定了最优反应条件为:Lipase AYS加酶量180 U/g,反应温度40℃,CLA与甲醇摩尔比1∶1,缓冲液p H 6.5。在最优条件下反应8 h,总酯化率为49.5%,分离产物可以得到甲酯相与脂肪酸相,甲酯相中c9,t11-CLA甲酯的拆分效率达到86.2%,脂肪酸相中t10,c12-CLA的拆分效率达到80.0%,两者回收率分别为72.4%和54.2%。     

酶催化法拆分共轭亚油酸异构体

在Candida rugosa脂肪酶的催化下,采用正辛醇与共轭亚油酸(CLA)进行酯化反应,对CLA异构体进行拆分,并通过单因素实验优化酶法酯化的工艺条件.结果表明最优条件为:AY-30脂肪酶加量40.44 U/g,CLA与正辛醇摩尔比1:1,pH 6.5,温度30℃,反应时间12 h.当酯化率为41.92%时,c9,t11-CLA在两种异构体中的相对含量达到88.13%.     

一种共轭化植物油的光化学制备方法

对共轭化植物油的光化学制备方法进行了研究,考察了引发剂DPIS用量、溶剂种类、植物油质量浓度、温度等因素对共轭化反应的影响。结果表明:在玉米油40 g,环己烷300 mL,72℃,引发剂用量0.2%条件下,玉米油可在30 min内被完全共轭化。利用核磁共振氢谱和气相色谱分析了光化学共轭化玉米油中脂肪酸的组成,其共轭亚油酸(CLA)异构体主要为t9,t11-CLA(含量39.10%),与碱法共轭产品中CLA主要为c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA有明显区别。     

酶法合成共轭亚油酸单甘酯的研究

采用脂肪酶G50(来源于Penicillium camembertii)作为生物催化剂,催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)和甘油酯化生成共轭亚油酸单甘酯(MAG)。研究了在无溶剂体系中,底物摩尔比、酶加量、体系含水量、反应温度和反应时间对产物中MAG含量和CLA酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:底物摩尔比n(甘油)∶n(CLA)=4∶1,加酶量300U/g(基于反应底物总质量),体系含水量1%,反应温度15℃,反应时间24h。在最佳反应条件下,CLA的酯化率达到84.98%,MAG的含量为68.40%,共轭亚油酸双甘酯(DAG)含量为16.58%。通过分析产物的脂肪酸组成,发现Penicillium脂肪酶G50对CLA异构体没有拆分效果。     

微生物催化制备功能性油脂——共轭亚油酸的研究

从酸菜中分离出的一株植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum诱导培养，在氮气保护下利用休止细胞催化制备共轭亚油酸。0．1M磷酸钠缓冲液、pH值7．0、亚油酸浓度2％（w／v）、细胞浓度20％（w／v）、30℃。反应64h，共轭亚油酸产量最高。c9，t11／t9，c11—CLA异构体在产物脂肪酸中的比例为30％。     

高纯度共轭亚油酸的制备

以红花籽油为原料,比较了2种高纯度共轭亚油酸(CLA)的制备方法:(1)碱法异构化-尿素包合、(2)皂化-尿素包合-碱法异构化。针对每种方法确定了尿素包合和碱法异构化的最佳工艺条件,并对所得的CLA异构体组成进行了分析。研究表明:按照方法(2)先获得高纯度亚油酸(LA),再对其碱法异构化制备CLA可以得到纯度更高的产品。该方法在最佳反应条件下,制备得到的CLA的纯度为97.22%,收率为32.08%,其中c9t11-CLA含量为45.14%,t10c12-CLA含量为49.12%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.