响应面试验优化苹果渣总三萜超声提取工艺

利用超声波提取技术结合响应面分析法对富士苹果渣中总三萜的提取工艺进行优化。选择苹果渣粉碎粒度、液固比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间和超声温度进行单因素试验,在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman因素筛选设计对影响超声波提取苹果渣总三萜的因素进行试验,筛选出影响显著的因素;然后根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选取三因素三水平,以苹果渣总三萜得率为响应值进行响应面分析,确定最优工艺参数。结果表明：Plackett-Burman设计筛选出粉碎粒度、液固比和乙醇体积分数为对苹果渣总三萜得率有显著影响的因素;通过响应面分析,确定苹果渣总三萜最优提取工艺为粉碎粒度100 目、液固比12∶1（mL/g）、提取溶剂为无水乙醇、超声时间20 min、超声温度40 ℃,在此条件下富士苹果渣总三萜的得率为（7.10±0.01）%。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取苹果籽油的工艺研究

通过预试验选取液料比、超声频率和超声时间作为Box-Behnken设计的变量,利用响应面法分析得到超声波辅助提取苹果籽油的优化工艺条件。结果表明,超声波辅助提取苹果籽油的适宜工艺参数是液料比12.6,超声频率60 kHz,超声时间35 m in,超声温度40℃,物料粉碎度为60目,在此条件下的苹果籽油提取率达到21.06%。     

超声波协同半仿生法提取黑木耳多糖工艺优化

对超声波协同半仿生法提取黑木耳多糖的工艺进行优化,以黑木耳多糖提取率为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳提取工艺参数。结果表明,超声波协同半仿生法提取最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶30(g/mL),超声温度60℃,超声功率500 W,超声时间60 min,在此条件下,黑木耳多糖提取率为22.52%。     

超声波提取苹果果胶工艺优化及凝胶特性测定

以红富士苹果渣为原料,研究其果胶的超声波辅助提取工艺条件.采用L9(34)正交试验,探讨了料液比(苹果渣:蒸馏水,g/mL)、提取温度、超声时间、提取液pH对苹果渣中果胶提取率的影响,并以提取率为评价指标,优化提取工艺,并对得到的果胶进行了凝胶特性测定.结果表明,超声波法提取红富士苹果渣果胶的最佳工艺条件为,料液比1∶20(g/mL)、提取温度80℃、超声时间100 min、提取液pH1.5.在此条件下苹果渣果胶的提取率为15.12％,并且所提果胶具有良好的凝胶性能.     

超声波辅助-醇沉法对浓缩杨梅汁进行脱糖

采用超声波辅助法对浓缩杨梅汁进行脱糖,通过单因素试验与正交试验对脱糖工艺进行优化,以期确定杨梅汁脱糖的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,对总糖脱除率影响因素的主次顺序为:乙醇加入量>超声波功率>醇沉时间>超声时间。根据各因素不同水平均值多重结果比较得知,超声波辅助法对浓缩杨梅汁进行脱糖的最佳工艺参数为:30 mL稀释杨梅汁中体积分数85%乙醇溶液的加入量为110 mL,超声功率200 W,超声时间45 min,醇沉时间5.2 h。     

超声波破壁法提取法夫酵母色素的工艺研究

为探索超声波破壁提取法夫酵母色素的最佳提取工艺,采用响应面分析法对超声时间、超声波振幅和液料比等提取条件进行优化。结果表明,超声波破壁提取法夫酵母色素的最佳工艺条件为,超声波振幅100%,液料比7∶1(mL/g),超声时间1 min,在此工艺条件下色素产量可达62.475μg/g。     

响应面法优化超声波强化提取薏苡仁酯

采用超声波强化溶剂提取法提取薏苡仁酯,在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法对提取工艺参数进行优化研究。建立料液比、超声时间、超声温度与薏苡仁酯得率之间的数学模型,通过典型性分析得出最优工艺条件为料液比1:10(g/mL)、超声时间50min、超声温度50℃、超声功率300W、超声频率20kHz,在此条件下,薏苡仁酯得率为5.798%。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取苹果渣低聚糖的工艺

以苹果渣为原材料,在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken实验设计以及响应面分析法,研究超声时间、料液比、乙醇体积分数和超声温度对苹果渣低聚糖得率的影响。优化后的最佳工艺参数为超声时间35 min、料液比1∶17(g/m L)、乙醇体积分数80%、超声温度43℃,在此实验条件下,苹果渣低聚糖实际得率为13.23%。结果表明,响应面分析法对超声波辅助提取苹果渣低聚糖的工艺优化合理可行,为其开发利用提供了理论支持。     

新疆红肉苹果多酚的超声波辅助提取工艺优化

利用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取新疆红肉苹果多酚的工艺条件。以新疆红肉苹果为试验原料,在单因素试验基础上选择提取时间、超声功率、提取温度及料液比4个因素进行响应面设计,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计和响应面分析法,确定红肉苹果多酚的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,红肉苹果多酚的最佳提取参数为:料液比14(g/mL),超声功率360 W,提取温度62℃,提取时间20min。在该最佳条件下,新疆红肉苹果多酚得率达到2.135mg/g。该结果可为苹果多酚的实际生产提供借鉴。     

响应面优化超声波法提取牛血红蛋白工艺

以牛血为原料,研究了超声波处理过程中水与红细胞体积比、超声时间、超声时间与间歇时间比、超声功率对血红蛋白提取率的影响。通过单因素实验确定各因素的范围,在此基础上采用响应面法对提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:水与红细胞体积比为4∶1,超声时间17min,超声时间与间歇时间比为1∶1,超声功率250W,血红蛋白提取率达到92.33%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the