南极磷虾脱脂蛋白肽抗疲劳和耐缺氧实验研究

目的：通过灌服南极磷虾脱脂蛋白肽研究其对小鼠抗疲劳、耐缺氧能力的影响。方法：对照组小鼠灌胃蒸馏水,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组分别以南极磷虾脱脂蛋白肽灌胃,灌胃剂量分别为0.2、1.0、5.0g/(kg ·d),连续28d。分别测定小鼠负重游泳时间和血乳酸(LA)、血尿素氮(BUN)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肝糖原含量;常压耐缺氧时间及耗氧量、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间。结果：高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间及血清中LDH含量、LA清除率及肝糖原含量明显高于空白组,BUN含量明显低于空白组。高剂量组常压耐缺氧存活时间及亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间明显高于空白组。结论：南极磷虾脱脂蛋白肽能明显提高小鼠抗疲劳、耐缺氧的能力,具有非常明显的保健作用。     

龙虾壳红色素抗疲劳耐缺氧作用的试验研究

通过灌服龙虾壳红色素研究其对小鼠抗疲劳、耐缺氧能力的影响。正常对照组小鼠灌胃蒸馏水,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组分别以龙虾壳红色素1,2和4 g/(kg·d)剂量连续灌胃30 d。分别测定小鼠负重游泳时间和血乳酸(LA)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肝糖原和肌糖原含量;常压耐缺氧时间及耗氧量。结果:中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间及血清中LA含量及肝糖原含量明显高于正常对照组(p0.05),高剂量组小鼠BUN含量明显低于正常对照组(p0.05)。高剂量组常压耐缺氧存活时间、耗氧量明显高于空白组(p0.05)。龙虾壳红色素能明显提高小鼠抗疲劳、耐缺氧的能力,具有非常明显的保健作用。     

柚皮水提液耐缺氧抗疲劳的研究

观察了柚皮水提液的耐缺氧与抗疲劳作用。以小鼠为研究对象,随机分为正常对照组、柚皮水提液小剂量、中剂量和大剂量组,连续灌胃10d。采用断头缺氧、常压耐缺氧及负重游泳等实验方法,观察小鼠断头后张口呼吸时间、常压缺氧存活时间及游泳存活时间。结果发现,1g/mL和2g/mL柚皮水提液能明显延长小鼠断头后张口呼吸时间和常压缺氧存活时间(p<0.01),显著延长力竭游泳时间(分别为p<0.05和p<0.01),明显提高肝糖原和肌糖原含量(p<0.01)。柚皮水提液具有提高小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力的作用。     

二氢杨梅素对小鼠运动性疲劳的影响

目的:研究二氢杨梅素(DMY)对运动耐力的影响。方法:设计5组实验,每个实验均取40只小鼠随机分成DMY高(300mg/(kg.d))、中(200mg/(kg.d))、低(100mg/(kg.d))剂量组及对照组(蒸馏水),每天给药一次。处理一周后分别进行负重游泳实验、耐缺氧实验,并检测相应指标,检测运动后乳酸变化、尿素氮变化及肝糖原、肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化。结果:DMY处理各组小鼠负重游泳时间及高、中剂量组小鼠缺氧生存时间较对照组明显延长(P<0.05),肝糖原含量高于对照组(P<0.01),血清乳酸、尿素氮含量则低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);肝组织MDA含量低于对照组(P<0.01),但各组间SOD活力无显著性差异。结论:DMY具有抗疲劳作用,这一作用可能与其抑制组织的过氧化水平有关。     

鹿茸多肽对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力的影响

实验观察鹿茸多肽(pilose antler polypeptide,PAP)对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力的影响.实验设立对照组和实验组(PAP低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组),其中实验组灌胃给予高、中、低剂量的PAP,对照组灌胃给予同低剂量PAP组相同体积的生理盐水.连续灌胃30d,常压耐缺氧法观察小鼠存活时间,断头缺氧缺血法观察小鼠张口喘气时间,并观察小鼠爬杆时间、负重游泳时间,测定游泳前、游泳后0min和20min血清乳酸含量的变化.结果显示PAP能显著增加小鼠常压缺氧存活时间、断头喘气时间、爬杆时间和负重游泳时间;并能显著降低游泳后血清乳酸的增加量.说明PAP能够提高小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳的能力.     

翡翠贻贝肉复合酶解物的抗疲劳作用

目的:通过动物实验研究翡翠贻贝肉复合酶解物的抗疲劳效果。方法:将昆明种小鼠分成5组,设低、中、高剂量组、原肉组和对照组。翡翠贻贝肉浆依次以木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶水解制备酶解物,用于3个剂量组的小鼠灌胃。原肉组和对照组分别以翡翠贻贝肉原肉粉及生理盐水灌胃。连续灌胃30d后,测定各组小鼠运动后血乳酸、血清尿素氮浓度及肝糖原含量,观察负重游泳时间,根据试验结果判断抗疲劳效果。结果:与对照组比较,翡翠贻贝肉复合酶解物高剂量组小鼠运动后血乳酸及血清尿素氮浓度降低极显著(Ρ<0.01),肝糖原含量显著升高(Ρ<0.05),负重游泳时间显著延长(Ρ<0.05);中、低剂量组、原肉组与对照组相比,上述各项试验指标均无显著性影响(Ρ>0.05)。结论:动物实验证明翡翠贻贝肉复合酶解物具有抗疲劳作用。     

复方中药功能液抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用的综合评价

目的:观察复方中药功能液对受试小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用。方法:根据卫生部《保健食品的功能学评价程序和检验方法》中抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用的检验方法进行实验研究。结果:复方中药功能液能明显地延长小白鼠负重游泳时间(P<0.05或P<0.01);能不同程度地延长缺氧条件下小鼠的存活时间及脑存活时间;明显地增加了运动后小白鼠的肝糖元含量(P<0.01);降低了小白鼠血清中的尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、尿激酶等指标,增加了血糖、红细胞、血红蛋白等指标(P<0.05或P<0.01),对白细胞数等指标影响不明显;对小白鼠体重的增长也无显著影响。结论:此复方中药功能液具有明显的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用,且当实验剂量为0.3～0.4mL/d时,受试30d小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用效果最明显。     

煎炸老油对小鼠耐缺氧能力与抗疲劳能力的影响

新鲜精炼菜籽油煎炸薯条3 d(60锅),检测煎炸过程中菜籽油的过氧化值、黏度和极性化合物含量,将煎炸老油按低(10 mL/(kg·d))、中(20 mL/(kg·d))、高(40 mL/(kg·d))剂量对小鼠进行灌胃,另设阴性对照组(10 mL/(kg·d)新鲜精炼菜籽油灌胃)和正常对照组(10mL/(kg·d)蒸馏水灌胃),灌胃4周后,测定各组小鼠体重、耐缺氧生存时间和游泳力竭时间,考察煎炸老油对小鼠耐缺氧能力与抗疲劳能力的影响。结果表明:新鲜精炼菜籽油经过反复煎炸后,随着煎炸时间的延长菜籽油的过氧化值先升高后降低,黏度和极性化合物含量升高,油脂品质发生劣变;各组小鼠的体重没有显著差异;阴性对照组与正常对照组在各个指标上都没有显著差异;与阴性对照组相比,低剂量组小鼠耐缺氧生存时间和游泳力竭时间都没有显著差异,而中、高剂量组小鼠耐缺氧生存时间和游泳力竭时间都显著下降(p 0. 05)。     

红景天提高小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的研究

目的:研究红景天对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力的影响。方法:分别以900、450、225 mg/kgBW剂量红景天粉末给小鼠连续灌胃35 d,然后通过测定小鼠的负重游泳能力及其体内血乳酸、肝糖原和尿素含量来评价抗疲劳功能,通过测定小鼠的缺氧存活时间、亚硝酸钠中毒后存活时间和急性脑缺血(断头)后呼吸时间来评价其耐缺氧功能。结果:在本实验条件下,红景天能够增强小鼠的负重游泳能力,减少小鼠运动后体内尿素和乳酸堆积,对肝糖原无明显作用;红景天能够延长小鼠缺氧存活时间和急性脑缺血后呼吸时间,对亚硝酸钠中毒后存活时间无明显影响。结论:红景天可以提高小鼠的抗疲劳能力和耐缺氧能力。     

蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白药理作用研究

目的:研究蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白耐缺氧、抗疲劳及辅助降血脂功效学作用。方法:测定小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间、体重变化和负重游泳时间,酶联法检测大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等指标含量。结果:蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白能显著延长常压耐缺氧存活时间(P<0.05),延长小鼠负重游泳时间,显著降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量(P<0.05)。结论:蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白具有耐缺氧和辅助降血脂作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the