预培养冷冻干燥制备植物乳杆菌发酵剂

为提高菌体冷冻干燥存活率,制备发酵活力高的植物乳杆菌发酵剂,通过在MRS培养基和蕉杆培养基中比较不同收获期的菌体发酵活力,确定菌体培养最佳收获期;通过单因素实验和正交实验考察预培养时间、温度和保护剂海藻糖浓度对冻干存活率的影响;比较冻干发酵剂和新鲜菌液在MRS培养基和蕉杆培养基中的发酵活力。结果表明:对数末期为培养植物乳杆菌S14的最佳收获期;预培养的最优条件为温度37℃,预培养时间45 min,海藻糖浓度10%,冻干存活率达89.9%;植物乳杆菌S14冻干发酵剂的发酵活力与新鲜菌液的发酵活力十分接近。该发酵剂适用于蕉秆青贮发酵。     

复合菌发酵米粉的制作工艺优化及其香气成分

为确定胚芽乳杆菌和酿酒酵母菌复合发酵米粉制作的最佳工艺条件,并对香气成分进行研究,本文通过单因素实验确定了胚芽乳杆菌和酿酒酵母菌生长繁殖的最佳条件,通过单因素实验和正交试验得到复合菌制作的最佳工艺条件,采用手动固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同形式发酵米粉的香气成分进行检测鉴定。结果表明,胚芽乳杆菌在30 ℃下培养17.5 h,酿酒酵母菌在35 ℃下培养16 h,可以得到较好的菌株生长状态。复合菌制作的最佳工艺条件为胚芽乳杆菌和酿酒酵母菌的比例1:1、接浆量10%、发酵时间16 h、发酵温度30 ℃,可以得到感官评分为1.198和弹性值为0.896的发酵米粉。自然发酵米粉的香气成分为10种,而复合菌发酵的米粉香气成分高达18种,其中香气成分中酯类和醇类含量较高,赋予发酵米粉更浓烈的香气。     

益生菌冻干保护剂及工艺优化研究

目的 为提高保加利亚乳杆菌冻干粉存活率。方法 本研究采用真空冷冻干燥法,以保加利亚乳杆菌为研究对象,研究冻干保护剂对益生菌冻干存活率的影响。 结果 通过单因素和正交试验筛选出最优组合。结果表明：经-80 ℃预冻1 h,冷冻干燥48 h(?40 ℃、25 Pa)后,益生菌保加利亚乳杆菌的最佳冻干保护剂为甘油2%,脱脂乳6%,L-半胱氨酸3%,木聚糖10%,在此优化条件下,存活率为82.75%。结论 在冷冻干燥过程中加入冻干保护剂可以提高保加利亚乳杆菌存活率,为下一步其他益生菌的冻干研究提供有效参考。     

培养条件对植物乳杆菌LIP-1抗冷冻活性的影响

以前期优化的MRS培养基为基础培养基,采用二次响应面分析法优化植物乳杆菌LIP-1的培养条件（温度、接种量、初始培养pH）,研究改变培养条件是否可提高植物乳杆菌 LIP-1高密度发酵培养后的活菌数以及对冷冻干燥后菌株的冻干抗性的影响。结果显示：最佳培养条件：培养pH6.7、培养温度36 ℃、接种量8.8%,在此培养条件下,植物乳杆菌LIP-1高密度发酵后活菌数为10.1855 lg（CFU/mL）,冷冻干燥后的存活率达83.40%,与未优化的培养条件相比,发酵培养后活菌数及冻干存活率显著提高（P<0.05）,分别提高0.2935 lg（CFU/mL）和8.46%。结轮：通过改变培养条件可显著提高植物乳杆菌LIP-1的高密度发酵活性和冷冻干燥存活率。     

植物乳杆菌Lp-S2直投式发酵剂及其离心、冷冻干燥工艺研究

以高产γ-氨基丁酸的植物乳杆菌Lp-S2为出发菌株,研制直投式发酵剂。并对发酵剂离心工艺及冷冻干燥工艺进行优化。通过正交试验确定植物乳杆菌Lp-S2的离心工艺为:离心温度4℃,离心时间30min,转速6 000r/min,该条件下植物乳杆菌Lp-S2离心收得率为83.8%。通过单因素和正交试验进行冷冻保护剂的优化。冷冻保护剂的最佳组合是15%海藻糖,15%葡萄糖和10%脱脂乳粉。植物乳杆菌Lp-S2直投式发酵剂,冻干存活率为39.2%,最佳预冷时间为6h。直投式发酵剂活菌数达到1.5×1012 CFU/mL。     

戊糖乳杆菌R1冻干保护剂的优化研究

在单因素和正交实验的基础上,主要采用3因素二次回归正交设计,对戊糖乳杆菌R1(Lactobacillus pentosaceus R1)冻干保护剂组合比例进行优化.实验结果表明,当冻干条件是预冻-3℃/min的程序降温,降至-45℃维持3h;干燥先在-15℃,真空度为150Pa,保持14h,然后温度调至10℃,保持10h,最后温度调至25℃,保持5h;包装充N2去真空,充N2包装时,得出R1冻干存活率达95%以上的最佳保护剂配比脱脂乳10.000%,蔗糖4.993%,甘油1.491%.     

真空冷冻干燥法制备益生菌粉的冻干保护剂配方优化

为提高益生菌冻干粉存活率.本文采用真空冷冻干燥法,分别以植物乳杆菌SC1、凝结芽孢杆菌XP2、酿酒酵母菌SAl为实验菌株,研究冻干保护剂脱脂乳粉、低聚木糖、可溶性淀粉和Vc钠盐对三种益生菌冻干存活率的影响.通过单因素和正交试验筛选出最优组合.结果表明经-70 ℃预冷冻2 h,-50 ℃,10 Pa条件下冷冻干燥38 h...     

泡菜直投式菌剂制备及应用研究

本研究采用自行分离选育的植物乳杆菌进行增菌培养,确定了植物乳杆菌的增菌最佳培养基成分为:以添加2%的葡萄糖、1%的蛋白胨为基础培养基,加入5%蕃茄汁、6%辣椒汁、7.5%莴苣汁,增菌最佳培养条件为:培养温度为30℃、振荡频率为50r/min、发酵期间pH为6的条件下,植物乳杆菌的最高活菌数达3.56×109cfu/ml,5%麦芽糊精+5%蔗糖+0.8%海藻糖+0.2%吐温作为冻干保护剂所得结果最好,植物乳杆菌菌体的冷冻存活率为83.6%、冻干存活率为80.6%、冻干菌粉活菌数为2.37×1010cfu/g。使用直投式功能菌剂发酵青菜,在30℃条件下,盐水浓度为6%￣8%,青菜发酵时间为4d,在25℃条件下,青菜发酵时间为5d,泡青菜产品具有较浓的乳酸发酵的香气,酸味纯正,滋味浓郁,酸度适中。     

热激修饰对瑞士乳杆菌细胞性质的影响

根据瑞士乳杆菌生理特性,优化了其最佳生长条件:接种量2%,温度40℃,初始pH值7.1,培养时间12 h。在此条件下培养,菌液浓度可达108~109mL-1。探讨了瑞士乳杆菌特性与热激温度、时间的相关性。结果表明,低于67℃或时间少于15 s,对抑制细胞产酸无明显影响;高于69℃或时间超过20 s,胞内酶残留率不足20%,优化出热激条件为温度67~69℃,时间15~20 s。     

干酪乳杆菌LZ183E高密度培养条件优化

为提高干酪乳杆菌LZ183E在发酵培养液中的菌体密度,首先通过在不同温度下培养菌株,测定48 h内菌液的OD600 nm值并作出生长曲线,得到菌株最适培养温度为37 ℃、接种时间为16 h及收获时间30 h。随后通过单因素试验和正交试验优化,探究不同碳源、氮源、生长因子、初始pH值以及接种量对菌株LZ183E活菌数和OD600 nm值的影响。结果表明,菌株LZ183E的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖25 g/L、酵母膏20 g/L、南瓜汁24 g/L、初始pH 6.5以及接种量2%。此优化条件下,干酪乳杆菌LZ183E的活菌数对数值达到了9.20±0.04,满足高密度培养要求,并且比原始MRS培养基活菌数对数值（8.12±0.06）高出一个数量级,为干酪乳杆菌LZ183E的冻干保护提供了足够的活菌数。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the