4种食品添加剂对猪肉嫩度的影响

研究卡拉胶、变性淀粉、氯化钙和木瓜蛋白酶4种食品添加剂对猪肉嫩度的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验,确定猪肉添加剂的最佳配方为木瓜蛋白酶的添加量0.05%、变性淀粉的添加量0.3%、氯化钙的添加量0.1%、卡拉胶的添加量0.15%;在优化条件下对猪肉进行嫩化处理,其剪切力为11.95N,油炸质量损失率为23.59%,感官评价值为50.3。此外,在4种食品添加剂中,木瓜蛋白酶对猪肉嫩度的影响最大,其次为变性淀粉,再次为氯化钙,卡拉胶影响最小。     

面包中丙烯酰胺调控方法研究

研究食品添加剂和天然提取物对面包中丙烯酰胺含量的影响,结果表明,柠檬酸、硫酸钙、大蒜粉、藤黄果提取物均能降低面包中的丙烯酰胺含量,其抑制率分别是30.1%,35.8%,36.1%,38.9%。正交试验结果表明,在柠檬酸添加量0.55%、硫酸钙添加量0.90%、大蒜粉添加量2.5%、藤黄果提取物添加量3.5%条件下,面包中丙烯酰胺形成量降低78.0%。     

馍干中丙烯酰胺的抑制工艺及添加剂配方

研究降低馍干中丙烯酰胺含量的方法,包括馍干加工工艺和食品添加剂两方面。结果表明,采用高温（230 ℃）烘烤馍干,与低温（190 ℃）烘烤相比,馍干中丙烯酰胺含量下降10.9%;降低馍干坯水分（从41.7%降到9.6%）,馍干中丙烯酰胺含量下降31.7%;添加复合食品添加剂（硫酸钙添加量为1.0%,茶多酚添加量为0.04%）,馍干中丙烯酰胺含量下降56.5%。通过优化工艺条件和添加复合添加剂,馍干中的丙烯酰胺含量从177.2 μg/g下降到46.8 μg/g,总共下降了73.5%。因此,采用高温短时烘烤、降低馍干坯烘烤前水分含量和添加复合添加剂,能有效降低馍干中丙烯酰胺含量。     

食品添加剂对面包中丙烯酰胺的抑制研究

面包在高温烘烤过程中会产生丙烯酰胺,对食品安全带来一定危害。研究了食品添加剂对面包中丙烯酰胺含量的影响,主要包括硫酸钙、柠檬酸、茶多酚及其复合物。研究结果表明,硫酸钙、柠檬酸、茶多酚及其复合物,都具有降低面包中丙烯酰胺含量的作用。添加3种添加剂的复合物(硫酸钙1.0%、柠檬酸1.0%、茶多酚0.04%)后,面包中丙烯酰胺含量下降了63.3%。研究结果为降低面包中丙烯酰胺含量提供一条途径。     

复合食品添加剂对鸡胸肉保水性的影响

通过复合食品添加剂来提高鸡胸肉的保水性,改善油炸鸡胸肉的品质.实验采用了多种具有保水性的食品添加剂进行复配研究,通过对产品的出品率、失水率和样品感官评定进行综合评价分析.综合实验结果确定最佳的复合食品添加剂及添加量,即复合磷酸盐0.3%,氯化钙0.4%,卡拉胶0.90%,山梨糖醇0.52%.     

乙醇、氯化钙和抗坏血酸对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性质的影响

研究了乙醇、氯化钙和抗坏血酸三种化学因素对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性质的影响,采用正交试验确定了改善大豆分离蛋白凝胶性质的显著性因素。结果表明,添加乙醇、氯化钙以及抗坏血酸均对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性有不同程度的影响,其中抗坏血酸添加量的影响最为显著,当添加量为蛋白粉含量的0.3%时,大豆分离蛋白的凝胶强度提高27%;乙醇和氯化钙添加量分别为5%和0.25%时,大豆分离蛋白凝胶强度达到最大,凝胶质构细腻,表观特性好。     

部分含金属离子的食品添加剂对茶多酚抗氧化活性的影响

研究了部分含金属离子的食品添加剂对茶多酚抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:不同处理浓度的茶多酚,在添加含金属离子的食品添加剂苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、亚硝酸钠、氯化钙、硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁和硫酸锌后,TP含量均有不同程度的下降,降低率依次为38%~72%、25%~49%、35%~59%、34%~49%、38%~69%、31%~47%和13%~51%;各处理丙二醛生成量均低于只添加茶多酚的对照(除亚硝酸钠外),表明这些含金属离子的食品添加剂对茶多酚抗氧化活性有增效作用,即这些食品添加剂可降低TP使用量和提高TP的使用安全性。添加苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾可提高茶多酚的还原力。     

食品添加剂对罗非鱼蛋白自溶作用的影响

以水解液中氨基态氮、可溶性蛋白及可溶性固形物含量为指标,研究13 种常用食品添加剂对罗非鱼蛋白自溶作用的影响。结果表明：在葡萄糖≤ 2.00%、苯甲酸钠≤ 0.02%、亚硫酸钠≤ 0.03%、氯化钠≤ 10%、柠檬酸≤ 0.10% 的添加量范围内,对罗非鱼蛋白自溶有一定的促进作用,超过该范围则显示抑制作用;氯化钙、抗坏血酸则对蛋白自溶具有较好的促进作用;乳酸≥ 1.00%、酒石酸≥ 0.10% 、乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)≥ 0.02%的添加量对罗非鱼蛋白自溶有一定的抑制作用;氯化钾、硫酸镁、氯化镁对罗非鱼蛋白自溶无明显作用。添加苯甲酸钠、柠檬酸、乳酸及酒石酸可使罗非鱼蛋白水解液腥味减少,并减缓其腐败变质。     

复合食品添加剂对鸡胸肉保水性的影响

本文通过复合食品添加剂来提高鸡胸肉的保水性,改善油炸鸡胸肉的品质为目标。实验采用了多种具有保水性的食品添加剂进行复配研究,通过对产品的出品率、失水率和样品感官评定进行综合评价分析。综合实验结果确定最佳的复合食品添加剂及添加量,即复合磷酸盐0.3%,氯化钙0.4%,卡拉胶0.90%,山梨糖醇0.52%。但是这个复合食品添加剂并不是油炸鸡胸肉最完美的组合,仍需要有待于进一步研究和提高样品的保水性和品质等。     

几种物料挤压加工过程中的丙烯酰胺形成规律研究

研究了玉米粉、小麦粉、马铃薯粉、小米粉、豌豆粉等几种谷物与杂豆粉经过挤压加工后的丙烯酰胺含量,结果表明马铃薯-小麦混合粉挤出物中丙烯酰胺的含量最高。并以马铃薯-小麦混合粉为基础原料,研究了添加大豆脱脂蛋白、淀粉、蔗糖等对挤压加工过程中丙烯酰胺形成的影响。结果表明大豆脱脂蛋白、淀粉、蔗糖等组分对马铃薯-小麦混合粉挤出物的丙烯酰胺含量均有显著影响(p<0.05)。其中,添加大豆脱脂蛋白8%、淀粉5%、蔗糖12%时,挤压产品中丙烯酰胺含量均达最大值。     

工艺参数对挤压即食食品中丙烯酰胺形成的影响

以马铃薯—小麦混合粉为原料,通过调节Ⅳ区挤压温度、物料水分、螺杆转速、物料pH值等挤压工艺参数,探讨其对挤压即食食品中丙烯酰胺形成的影响规律。结果表明,挤压工艺参数对挤压产品中丙烯酰胺含量影响显著（p〈0.05）。通过合理控制挤压工艺参数及水分调节液的pH可以有效地降低挤出物中丙烯酰胺的含量。     

几种添加剂对热加工食品中丙烯酰胺产生的影响

以天冬酰胺、葡萄糖在高温下反应建立丙烯酰胺产生的模拟体系,探讨Vc、阿魏酸、TBHQ、NaHSO3和CaCl2对丙烯酰胺产生的抑制作用。结果表明,CaCl2效果最佳,添加量为2.1%时,抑制率达93.4%;其次为NaHSO3,添加量为2.1%时,抑制率为80%。     

几种添加剂对油炸薯片中丙烯酰胺产生的抑制作用

采用葡萄糖-天冬酰胺模拟反应体系研究了阿魏酸、儿茶素、CaCl2、NaHSO3、VC、L-半胱氨酸等物质对丙烯酰胺产生的抑制作用,筛选出了抑制效果良好的三种添加剂NaHSO3、CaCl2和半胱氨酸。分别用0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的NaHSO3、CaCl2和半胱氨酸在油炸前浸泡土豆片,发现它们都能显著减少油炸土豆片中丙烯酰胺的产生;当半胱氨酸和CaCl2浓度分别为0.3%和0.5%时,油炸薯片中检测不到丙烯酰胺。     

The effect of vegetable and spice addition on the acrylamide content and antioxidant activity of innovative cereal products

The aim of the work was to assess the impact of vegetable and spice addition on the acrylamide content and antioxidant activity of extruded cereal crisps. The foods were based on grain ingredients, such as brown rice, whole grain flour, wheat bran, with different vegetables. Products from one group contained green vegetables, such as broccoli and zucchini; garlic was included as a flavour additive (0.75–1.50%). The second group of crisps consisted of similar cereal ingredients with pumpkin and cinnamon; additionally ginger was included as a flavour additive (0.75–1.50%). The results indicate that the production of a new, innovative product with appropriate nutritional value and acceptable quality is a complex process. The production process significantly changed the nutritional value of the product. The content of acrylamide in zucchini and broccoli crisps was relatively low; ranging from 78 to 86 μg/kg of product. The addition of garlic did not significantly affect the acrylamide content in the final product. For cereal–pumpkin crisps, the acrylamide content was 7 times higher in comparison with zucchini and broccoli products. The acrylamide content in pumpkin and ginger crisps exceeded the benchmark level. The antioxidant activity of the pumpkin product was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than for crisps with green vegetables.     

Physical and nutritional properties of extruded products based on whole grain with the addition of wild legumes (Vicia lutea subsp. lutea var. hirta and Vicia sativa subsp. sativa)

Flour blends based on whole corn and rice with two added wild legumes at 15% level of cereal replacement were extruded to produce whole grain snacks. Extrusion temperature was 175 °C, and the moisture content was adjusted to 14%. The extruded products were evaluated for their physical, chemical and nutritional properties. Results showed that the addition of legumes produces a decrease in expansion in rice‐containing samples and an increase in solubility in corn‐containing samples. With only 15% of legume added to cereal, a significant increase in protein content and quality was obtained. An increase in fibre, polyphenol, iron and zinc content was also obtained. Protein digestibility was in the range of 81.8–85.3%. Mineral availability ranged from 6.4 to 16.3% for iron and 10–16.3% for zinc. The performance of each mixture during extrusion and the physical properties of the extruded products were considered to be similar to those expected for snack‐type products and described in the literature.     

Effect of formulation and processing parameters on acrylamide formation: A case study on extrusion of blends of potato flour and semolina

Acrylamide formation in extruded snacks prepared using blends of potato flour:semolina in ratios ranging from 30:70 to 70:30 showed maximum acrylamide formation in the 70:30 blend. The extrusion was carried out at a screw speed of 120 rpm, temperature of 170 °C and moisture content of 18%. Further, the influence of extrusion processing parameters on the acrylamide formation in extruded snacks prepared from a 70:30 blend of potato flour:semolina was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The feed moisture was varied from 12.6% to 19.4%, die temperature from 163 to 197 °C and screw speed from 106 to 173 rpm. The extrudates so obtained showed acrylamide content ranging from 704 to 1560 μg/kg. The effect of different additives such as citric acid, calcium salts, amino acids, vitamins and their combinations on the mitigation of acrylamide formation showed calcium chloride at 50 μmol/g flour blend to reduce acrylamide formation by 65% without altering the sensory properties of the extrudates.     

基于人体必需金属盐替代的低钠盐肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性和作用机理

为降低肌原纤维蛋白凝胶中钠盐的使用量,研究不同氯盐(CaCl₂、MgCl₂、KCl)部分替代NaCl对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶性质包括强度、微观结构、持水力和流变学性质的影响,并通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、内源性荧光光谱、表面疏水性、巯基含量等技术手段阐明其作用机理。结果表明,3种氯盐替代效果排序为KCl>CaCl₂>MgCl₂。0.5%～1.5%质量分数的盐替代范围内,KCl替代组的凝胶强度优于对照组(3%NaCl),持水力与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);Ca Cl₂替代组的凝胶强度在1.5%替代质量分数时显著下降(P<0.05),持水力呈先下降后上升趋势;MgCl₂替代组凝胶强度显著降低(P<0.05),持水力上升。在流变学性质方面,不同质量分数KCl替代组的储能模量明显高于对照组。CaCl₂和MgCl₂的替代使肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性增大、巯基含量减少,3种氯盐的替代...     

添加紫甘蓝粉、花椰菜粉、麦胚粉对曲奇中丙烯酰胺生成的影响

目的 探究添加紫甘蓝粉、花椰菜粉、麦胚粉对曲奇中丙烯酰胺生成的影响,为优化焙烤食品配方、控制丙烯酰胺生成提供基础。方法 参考AACC方法,分别以一定比例的植物粉替代等量面粉制作曲奇,以未添加植物粉曲奇为对照,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定曲奇中丙烯酰胺的含量。结果 三种植物粉对丙烯酰胺生成的影响不同。在添加量为1%~10%时,添加紫甘蓝粉、花椰菜粉的曲奇中丙烯酰胺含量随添加量增加而增大。添加量为10%时,丙烯酰胺含量分别为对照的26.25、68.52倍,而添加麦胚粉曲奇则影响不显著。结论 添加紫甘蓝粉、花椰菜粉和麦胚粉对曲奇中丙烯酰胺的生成有不同影响。     

Effect of flour type on Maillard reaction and acrylamide formation during toasting of bread crisp model systems and mitigation strategies

Maillard reaction along with caramelisation are the main chemical reactions occurring in bakery products. They are referred to as non enzymatic browning. In this work, the effect of flour type (wheat, rye and whole-wheat flours) and process conditions were investigated by using a bread crisp model system made up of flour, water and yeast. The bread was toasted at different temperature for different times. In a second set of experiments several additives (glycine, 0.1% on flour; asparaginase, 2000 U kg⁻¹ of flour and an antioxidant extract from green tea) were added to the basic formulations in order to test their ability in reducing the formation of potentially harmful Maillard reaction compounds such as HMF and acrylamide. Browning development and water content along with antioxidant activity were also monitored.Rye model systems produced more HMF and acrylamide at all temperature tested, while wholewheat systems produced less HMF, but more acrylamide than wheat one. The addition of glycine was effective in reducing acrylamide formation, and it increased browning development, antioxidant activity and HMF formation. Asparaginase reduced acrylamide formation up to 88% and had no effect on browning development and antioxidant activity. The addition of exogenous antioxidant compounds from green tea did not produce clear effect on acrylamide formation, thus it was not useful as mitigation strategy in bakery products, likely because of the low fat content.