连翘叶多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

研究连翘叶多糖对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫低下模型小鼠的免疫调节功能。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺制造免疫抑制小鼠模型,考察不同剂量连翘叶多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脏器指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞增殖活性、血清IL-2和IL-4水平、溶血素水平和溶血空斑形成数量的影响。连翘叶多糖能明显提高环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬能力、脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力、血清中IL-2和IL-4水平、溶血素含量和溶血空斑形成数量。连翘叶多糖具有良好的免疫增强活性,在药品与功能食品的开发中具有较高的应用价值。     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫调节作用

从鲫鱼卵中提取唾液酸糖蛋白,并探讨其对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能的作用。Balb/c小鼠连续皮下注射氢化可的松造成免疫功能低下模型,以不同剂量的鲫鱼卵唾液酸蛋白灌胃28d后,分别测定小鼠的抗体产生水平、T细胞免疫功能、非特异性免疫功能和血清IFN-γ/IL-4。结果显示,高剂量的鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白能显著升高免疫低下小鼠的血清溶血素水平(p0.01)和抗体细胞生成数(p0.01),增强脾淋巴细胞增殖能力(p0.01)和迟发型变态反应(p0.05),显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数(p0.01),改善碳廓清能力(p0.05)并升高血清中IFN-γ/IL-4水平(p0.01)。说明鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对免疫功能低下小鼠具有显著的免疫调节作用。     

槐花多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响研究

研究槐花多糖对免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能的调节作用。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺制造免疫抑制小鼠模型,考察槐花多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脏器指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞增殖活性、血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、TNF-γ水平、溶血素水平和溶血空斑形成数量的影响。结果表明槐花多糖能明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬能力、脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力、溶血素含量和溶血空斑形成数量,促进细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、TNF-γ分泌。槐花多糖具有免疫增强活性,具有良好的开发应用潜力。     

缢蛏多肽对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究缢蛏多肽(PSC)对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响.用CTX腹腔注射制备小鼠免疫功能低下模型,小鼠以灌胃法给予不同剂量的PSC,观察小鼠免疫器官指数、单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、脾淋巴细胞增殖、抗体生成细胞含量、血清溶血素水平.PSC能明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫器官指数、单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、脾淋巴细胞增殖指数、抗体生成细胞含量、血清溶血素水平.结果表明:PSC对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能具有改善作用.     

益母草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响作用研究

目的:观察益母草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官、巨噬细胞廓清速度、溶血素生成的影响,评价益母草多糖对小鼠免疫抑制功能的作用效果。方法:将KM小鼠随机分为6个组,腹腔注射环磷酰胺建模,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、茯苓多糖阳性对照组,益母草多糖低、中、高浓度组。连续灌胃14d后,进行小鼠碳粒廓清和溶血素实验,测定小鼠巨噬细胞的碳粒廓清指数K和吞噬指数6;测定小鼠血清中溶血素的含量;计算小鼠脾脏、胸腺系数。结果:益母草多糖能在一定程度上提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的廓清能力及吞噬速度,增加血清中溶血素的含量,增加胸腺和脾脏指数,提高小鼠机体免疫能力。结论:益母草多糖有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

车前草粗多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的免疫增强作用

为研究车前草粗多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的免疫增强作用,自车前草中提取粗多糖,将昆明小鼠分为正常组、模型组、车前草粗多糖高、中、低剂量组及左旋咪唑组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余小鼠通过腹腔注射环磷酰胺(80 mg/kg)造成免疫低下模型。造模成功后,车前草粗多糖高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃900、300、100 mg/kg的车前草粗多糖;左旋咪唑组灌胃25 mg/kg;正常及模型对照组小鼠灌胃等体积的蒸馏水。给药21 d后,考察小鼠血清中溶血素水平,炭粒廓清功能及迟发型变态反应,监测小鼠体重并计算其脾脏与胸腺指数。结果表明,适宜浓度的车前草多糖能明显提高免疫低下小鼠的廓清指数,增强其炭粒廓清功能,增强免疫低下小鼠迟发型变态反应,提高其血清中溶血素水平,且对模型小鼠的体重减轻、脾脏与胸腺萎缩有缓解作用。本研究表明,车前草粗多糖可增强免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

卵转铁蛋白对免疫低下小鼠Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响

目的:研究卵转铁蛋白(OVT)对免疫低下模型小鼠的免疫平衡恢复作用。方法:将健康小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组及OVT高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组,每组10只。OVT高、中、低剂量组分别以10、1、0.1mg/mL的OVT溶液每天灌胃,灌胃量为20mL/(kg.d)(以体质量计)。模型组对照组和正常对照组灌胃生理盐水20mL/(kg.d)。连续灌胃15d,于第15天灌胃后注射环磷酰胺(正常对照组除外),继续灌胃至第19天(由模型决定)进行检测。测定血清中IFN-γ和IL-4含量、IFN-γ/IL-4比值以及脾脏和胸腺指数。结果:模型对照组小鼠血清IFN-γ的浓度和IFN-γ/IL-4比值与正常对照组相比明显降低(P<0.01);高剂量组小鼠血清IFN-γ的浓度和IFN-γ/IL-4比值显著高于模型对照组(P<0.01),与正常对照组比较,无显著性差异;高剂量组的脾脏指数和胸腺指数与模型对照组相比明显提高(P<0.01)。结论:OVT能修复由环磷酰胺所致免疫低下模型小鼠的体液和细胞免疫失衡,增强免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

琐琐葡萄多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨琐琐葡萄多糖(VTP)对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：经热水提取、乙醇沉淀提取得到VTP,采用苯酚- 硫酸法测定多糖含量,应用环磷酰胺制备免疫低下小鼠模型,通过测定给药后小鼠脾脏及胸腺指数、抗体分泌细胞功能、血清溶血素水平和脾淋巴细胞转化功能,研究VTP 对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：提取得到VTP 粗品并测得其中多糖含量为20.68%,RSD 为1.93%;与模型组相比,VTP 可增加免疫低下模型小鼠脾脏的质量,有效促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化功能,明显改善小鼠抗体分泌细胞的功能,并可使红细胞半数溶血值显著增高。结论：VTP 对免疫低下模型小鼠的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能具有一定的保护作用。     

阿胶对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨阿胶对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：小鼠连续皮下注射氢化可的松建立免疫机能低下模型,用不同剂量的阿胶灌胃小鼠28d后,分别测定小鼠的免疫器官重量、血清溶血素水平、迟发型变态反应、脾淋巴细胞增殖、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、血清中细胞因子白介素-3（IL-3）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和白介素-4（IL-4）水平。结果：阿胶能显著升高免疫低下模型小鼠胸腺指数（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;显著提高小鼠血清溶血素含量（P〈0.01）;显著促进小鼠的迟发型变态反应和脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;显著升高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;显著提高血清中细胞因子IL-3和IFN-γ水平（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,降低IL-4水平（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,提高IFN-γ/IL-4的比值（P〈0.01）。结论：阿胶对小鼠特异性及非特异性免疫机能具有显著调节作用。     

裂褶菌多糖对小鼠免疫活性作用的研究

本文以裂褶菌多糖为研究对象,通过超声波辅助水提法提取裂褶菌多糖,对小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺(Cy)建立免疫低下模型,灌胃不同剂量的裂褶菌多糖,从非特异性免疫、细胞免疫和体液免疫三种途径来研究裂褶菌多糖的免疫活性作用。同时采用MTT法研究了裂褶菌多糖抑制体外小鼠巨噬细胞及结肠癌细胞增殖的作用。试验结果表明,裂褶菌多糖对免疫低下小鼠的胸腺、脾脏器官具有一定的恢复作用;对小鼠足趾注射绵羊红细胞致敏,足趾具有一定的肿胀度;通过测定小鼠血清中血清溶血素、IgG、IgA、IL-2,裂褶菌多糖的各剂量与免疫低下的模型组相比均有不同程度的提高;裂褶菌多糖可增强小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,当浓度为2000μg/mL时,对结肠癌细胞增殖的抑制率可达到45.32%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the