汽车用590MPa级别双相钢氢致延迟开裂行为的研究

采用电化学充氢、慢拉伸试验、TDS分析以及SEM等方法对汽车用590 MPa级别双相钢(DP590)的氢致延迟开裂行为进行研究。结果表明,DP590的氢扩散系数为9.31×10-7cm~2/s。随着充氢电流密度从0 m A/cm~2增加到8 m A/cm~2,试样内部氢含量从0.98×10~(-6)增加到1.76×10~(-6),伸长率从28.64%降低到25.40%。另外,抗拉强度变化不明显。断裂方式为韧性断裂。综上表明,随氢含量增加,DP590氢脆敏感性增加,但整体氢脆敏感性较低。     

汽车用780MPa级别双相钢氢致延迟开裂行为的研究

采用电化学充氢、慢拉伸试验、TDS分析以及SEM等方法对汽车用780 MPa级别双相钢(DP780)的氢致延迟开裂行为进行研究。结果发现,DP780的氢扩散系数为5.79×10-7cm~2/s。随着充氢电流密度从0 mA/cm~2增加到8mA/cm~2,试样内部氢含量从0.78 ppm增加到1.47 ppm,抗拉强度从802 MPa降低到758 MPa,氢脆敏感指数I_σ为5.49%。随内部氢含量的增加,DP780氢致开裂敏感性增加较小;同时断口形貌由韧性向脆性转变。     

EH36钢的氢陷阱及氢脆敏感性

采用氢渗透测试、慢拉伸试验等研究手段,探究EH36钢表面、1/4和1/2厚度处的氢陷阱、氢扩散系数及氢脆敏感性。结果表明,表面及1/4厚度处的显微组织主要为贝氏体,表面处的显微组织较为细小,1/2厚度处主要为铁素体和珠光体。可逆和不可逆氢陷阱密度由表面到1/2厚度处依次降低,氢扩散系数随之依次增大。随充氢电流密度或时间的增加,各厚度处拉伸试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率均有不同程度的降低,氢脆敏感性随之增大;拉伸断口形貌由呈韧性断裂特征的韧窝状逐渐向呈脆性断裂特征的河流状花样转变。表面处的氢脆敏感性最小,1/2厚度处的氢脆敏感性最大;在1/2厚度处的拉伸断口观察到了一些氢致裂纹。     

油气工程用Inconel 718合金激光焊接头的氢脆行为

采用激光焊接工艺,对油气工程用4 mm厚经1030 ℃×2 h固溶+780 ℃×8 h时效和1030 ℃×2 h固溶+780 ℃×16 h时效两种热处理后的Inconel 718合金进行激光焊接,结合微观组织分析、拉伸性能分析和断口形貌分析,对合金母材及激光焊接头在原位充氢条件下的氢脆行为进行了研究。结果表明:长时间时效导致δ相大量析出,使合金母材的氢脆敏感性指数从正常时效态的0.27提高到过时效态的0.48。激光焊接头整体的氢脆敏感性没有受焊前热处理的影响,分别为0.39和0.38;由于焊缝内Laves相的析出,导致激光焊接头的氢脆敏感性高于正常时效态的母材。     

微观组织对2205双相不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响

采用金相显微镜,氢渗透试验和慢应变速率拉伸试验结合扫描电镜研究了微观组织对2205双相不锈钢氢渗透行为及氢脆敏感性的影响。微观组织分析表明,随着固溶处理温度升高,铁素体含量升高,奥氏体含量降低。氢渗透试验结果显示,随着铁素体含量升高,氢在2205双相不锈钢中的扩散系数增大。结合慢应变速率拉伸试验和断口形貌观察发现,950 ℃固溶处理的2205双相不锈钢的氢脆敏感性较高,呈现脆性断裂;而1050 ℃固溶处理试样中的铁素体和奥氏体含量较均衡,氢脆敏感性较低,呈韧性断裂特征。     

X80 管线钢在酸性环境下的氢致开裂行为研究

目的研究X80管线钢在我国典型酸性环境(鹰潭土壤模拟溶液)下的氢致开裂行为。方法采用电化学动电位扫描技术、慢应变速率拉伸实验和扫描电镜技术,分析氢在X80管线钢中的渗透行为、材料的放氢行为、电化学充氢对材料拉伸性能的影响以及材料断口的形貌。结果通过氢渗透实验测得,在室温下,氢在X80管线钢中的的氢扩散通量J∞=7.31×10-11mol/(cm2·s),有效扩散系数Deff=5.36×10-8cm2/s,可扩散氢浓度C0=7.64×10-5mol/cm3。钢中的氧化铝类非金属夹杂及表面点蚀坑促进了氢致裂纹的萌生,充氢后试样发生穿晶断裂。随着充氢时间的增加,断口由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂,氢致开裂敏感性增高。结论 X80管线钢在我国典型酸性环境下(鹰潭土壤模拟溶液)具有较高的氢致开裂敏感性。     

氢在低碳钢中的两种扩散

用阴极电解充氢法，对具有塑性变形及拉伸应力的低碳钢板中溶氢及逸氢过程进行了研究，回归出经验公式，计算出扩散系数及扩散激活能。结果表明，溶氢时的扩散系数比逸氢时大，溶氢时的扩散激活能比逸氢时小；随变形和压力的增大，溶氢时扩散系数增大，扩散激活能减小；逸氢时扩散系数减小，扩散激活能增大。     

回火温度对含Nb低合金高强度钢氢行为的影响

采用X射线衍射、电化学氢渗透和动态充氢拉伸试验研究了含Nb低合金高强度钢560、600和640℃回火的氢行为,建立了氢扩散系数、氢浓度、氢扩散激活能与氢陷阱密度之间的定量关系。结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的位错密度降低,氢陷阱密度降低,氢扩散系数增大,氢扩散激活能和氢浓度降低,氢脆敏感性下降。     

静态及动态充氢对SM490B纯净钢拉伸性能的作用

用拉伸的方法研究了静态充氢和动态充氢对SM490B纯净钢力学性能的作用,结果表明:随着充氢电流密度的增加,试样的延伸率连续降低。动态充氢试样的氢致塑性损失明显大于静态充氢拉伸试样的氢致塑性损失。氢原子提高了试样的屈服强度,而试样的抗拉强度随电流密度增大而减小。随着充氢电流密度的增加,静态拉伸试样的断口均为韧窝状,而动态拉伸试样的断口形貌由韧窝状向准解理状变化。     

硼含量对有序态Ni3Fe合金中氢扩散的影响

采用阴极充氢和真空拉伸方法,研究了硼含量对氢原子在有序态Ni_3Fe合金中扩散的影响。结果表明,当合金中硼含量C_B≤0.06%(质量分数)时,氢原子在有序态Ni_3Fe合金中的扩散系数随C_B的增加而逐渐降低,而扩散激活能逐渐增大。当C_B0.06%后,氢原子的扩散系数随C_B的增加而变化很小,而扩散激活能略有减小。原子探针层析方法证实了硼原子在有序态Ni_3Fe合金中晶界处发生偏聚。对比研究硼含量对有序态Ni_3Fe合金中氢扩散系数及对合金在氢气环境中氢脆因子的作用,确认硼原子降低有序态Ni_3Fe合金在氢气环境中的氢脆敏感性的机理,是硼原子降低了氢原子在合金中的沿晶扩散系数。     

The effect of grain size and aging on hydrogen embrittlement of a maraging steel

Notched tensile tests were conducted under a slow displacement rate to evaluate the influences of grain size and aging on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of T-200 maraging steel. In addition, an electrochemical permeation method was employed to measure the effective diffusivity (D_eff) and apparent solubility (C_app) for hydrogen of various heat-treated specimens. The results indicated that the aged (482 °C/4 h) specimens comprised of numerous precipitates led to a raised C_app and a decreased hydrogen diffusivity as compared to those of the solution-treated ones. The solution-treated specimens were resistant to gaseous HE, whereas aged specimens were susceptible to it, implying the strength level was the controlling factor to affect the HE susceptibility of the specimens. Nevertheless, all specimens suffered from sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) severely but to different degrees. The aged specimens were more likely to form intergranular (IG) fractures in H₂S but quasi-cleavage (QC) in H₂. For the solution-treated specimens, a fine-grained structure was susceptible to HE in H₂S and revealed mainly QC that differed from the IG fracture of the coarse-grained one. The fracture mode of the specimens could also be related to the transport path and / or the supply of hydrogen to the plastic zone of notched specimens in hydrogen-containing environments.     

回火马氏体钢中氢的扩散行为及其氢脆敏感性

通过TDS方法研究了氢在18Cr2Ni4W和25CrNi2MoVNb两种低温回火马氏体钢中的扩散行为,同时结合慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了这两种马氏体钢的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,与18Cr2Ni4W钢相比,25CrNi2MoVNb钢因碳含量较高和晶粒显著细化作用使抗拉强度从1300 MPa级提高到了1500 MPa级后,其氢脆敏感性也明显增加。通过试样充氢后放置试验,测定氢在25CrNi2MoVNb钢和18Cr2Ni4WA钢中的扩散系数分别为7.87×10-7 cm2/s和3.99×10-7 cm2/s。可见,氢在25CrNi2MoVNb钢中更容易扩散,因而在充入相同可扩散氢时,25CrNi2MoVNb钢性能损失更大。     

回火温度对含V、Nb高强度低合金钢氢脆敏感性的影响

采用氢渗透试验和动态充氢拉伸试验研究了920℃冰水淬火后回火温度(560、600和640℃)对某含0.15%V和0.05%Nb(质量分数)高强度低合金钢的氢扩散系数和氢脆敏感性的影响,并利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜(TEM)观察分析回火试样的微观组织。结果表明,随回火温度升高,氢扩散系数增加,氢扩散激活能降低,同时钢的氢脆敏感性也降低,这是因为随回火温度升高,钢中作为氢陷阱的位错密度减少,从而使得氢陷阱密度减小,在相同的充氢条件下可扩散氢含量减小。     

Study of the effect of δ phase on hydrogen embrittlement of Inconel 718 by notch tensile tests

This article describes the effect of δ phase on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) sensitivity of Inconel 718 conducted by notch tensile tests. Notch tensile specimens were subjected to proper heat treatment to produce various precipitation morphologies of δ phase. Hydrogen was charged into the tensile specimens before tensile tests via a cathodic charging process. The loss of notch tensile strength (NTS) due to hydrogen charging has been used as a criterion to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. The study suggests that δ phase has deleterious effect on NTS. Fracture origins of hydrogen-charged specimens locate near the notch surfaces. The loss of NTS caused by hydrogen charging can be greatly decreased by dissolving δ. δ-free Inconel 718 has been proposed for applications in hydrogen environments.     

热轧超高强度复相钢的氢脆敏感性

通过电化学充氢和升温脱氢分析(TDS)试验,研究了热轧超高强度复相钢M950的氢逸出行为和氢陷阱类型。利用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验,研究了M950钢的氢脆敏感性,并采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析了拉伸断口的微观形貌。结果表明,试验钢的氢陷阱激活能为15.0 kJ/mol,该钢的主要氢陷阱为晶界。随着电化学充氢时间的延长,试验钢氢含量逐渐增加,塑性明显下降,但抗拉强度下降幅度较小;拉伸断口形貌由微孔聚集型韧性断裂向准解理、沿晶脆性断裂过渡。     

Characterization of hydrogen charging of 2205 duplex stainless steel and its correlation with hydrogen‐induced cracking

The effect of various experimental conditions (i.e., hydrogen charging current density, charging time, solution concentration, and temperature) on the embrittlement and cracking susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied by electrochemical hydrogen charging and slow strain rate tests. The results showed that the choice of the experimental conditions had obvious effect on the hydrogen concentration in the specimens. A relationship between the embrittlement and hydrogen charging conditions was established by the investigation of the fracture morphology. Under the free‐charging condition, the fracture surfaces were characteristic of dimples, while on the condition of the dynamic hydrogen charging, the hydrogen‐induced fracture showed the appearance of cleavage. Further examination of fracture cracks confirmed that the ferrite phase acts as a preferential path for crack propagation.     

回火温度对DP600钢氢扩散及氢脆敏感性的影响

利用慢应变速率拉伸和双电解池氢渗透试验,结合SEM、TEM、EBSD表征手段研究了不同回火温度下DP600钢中显微组织变化对其氢扩散及氢脆敏感性的影响.结果表明,DP600钢的氢脆敏感性和有效氢扩散系数均随回火温度的升高呈下降趋势,这主要与钢中位错、小角度晶界等可逆氢陷阱浓度降低以及碳化物/基体界面、大角度晶界等不可逆...     

X80管线钢在含氢煤制气环境中的氢脆敏感性

采用慢应变速率试验和缺口试样拉伸试验,并结合断口分析,研究了X80钢在含氢煤制气环境中的氢脆敏感性。结果表明:高压含氢环境中X80钢的强度和塑性指标均有所下降,断口出现脆断形貌,表现出一定的氢脆敏感性,且横向取样方向对氢脆更为敏感;通过对比分析X80钢在高压氢气环境中慢拉伸和缺口拉伸两种状态下的韧性损失,发现缺口试样的三向应力集中区域受氢脆影响更为严重。