住房公积金提取条件放宽

为改进住房公积金提取机制,提高制度有效性和公平性,1月20日,住房城乡建设部、财政部、人民银行联合印发《关于放宽提取住房公积金支付房租条件的通知》。租赁住房是职工解决住房问题的重要途径。提取住房公积金支付房租,有利于提高缴存职工住房消费能力,也是缴存职工的基本权益。目前,各地对租房提取住房公积金政策规定过严,要求租金必须超过家庭收入的一定比例,有     

2008全国住房公积金管理情况通报

2008年,全国住房公积金系统深入学习实践科学发展观,加强监督检查,规范管理,提高服务水平,大力发展个人贷款业务,严格执行“控高保低”缴存政策,积极研究住房公积金支持经济适用住房建设试点方案,深入开展加强住房公积金管理专项治理,确保住房公积金缴存、提取和贷款业务持续健康发展。     

缴存者行为对住房公积金缴存额的影响研究——基于广州市的实证分析

住房公积金的归集为住房公积金制度提供资金源泉,对住房公积金的提取、使用和管理发挥着至关重要的作用。本文以广州市2011年单位和职工抽样调查的数据为基础,建立Tobit模型分别分析该市住房公积金缴存单位和个人的缴存行为与住房公积金缴存额之间的关系。结果表明:单位类型和单位职工人数影响单位住房公积金缴存额。个人年龄、婚否、所在单位类型、月平均收入影响个人住房公积金缴存额,而个人户口、性别以及受教育程度与住房公积金缴存额之间并无显著关系。这一结论为扩大住房公积金覆盖面的政策提供了有益的启示。     

加快住房公积金管理立法刻不容缓

近期江苏淮安市对住房公积金专项审计调查中发现，住房公积金在推动住房制度改革，为改善城镇职工的居住条件，促进城市经济的发展等方面发挥了积极的作用。2006年度淮安住房公积金缴存职工20.59万人．归集总额6.58亿元．缴存比例8％-12％．为5900户职工发放个人住房贷款7.53亿元，     

湖州：完善公积金制度保障中低收入者住房

一、住房公积金缴存对象和贷款对象是广大中低收入职工 住房公积金制度是住房制度改革的产物.上世纪90年代初,我国借鉴新加坡的经验,在取消住房实物分配、实行住房分配货币化的过程中,在全国推行了住房公积金制度.住房公积金的缴存对象一直被确定为行政机关、事业单位、企业单位的在职职工.无疑,这部分缴存对象是属于中低收入阶层的.湖州市现有正常缴存职工13.6万人,其中机关、事业单位、国有企业职工8.6万人,非公企业职工5万人.这些职工家庭,都是中低收入家庭.     

住房公积金缴存不能偏离“轨道”

近些年来,随着住房制度改革的深入,我国绝大多数城市政府建立了住房公积金缴存制度,职工单位和本人每月都按职工工资额度为职工本人缴存一定比例的住房公积金,专户专储,专款专用。这项制度的建立,为帮助中低收入家庭解决购房资金不足问题发挥了重要作用。     

我国住房公积金现状的思考

本文分析了住房公积金现状,提出现在住房公积金制度存在问题,存在覆盖面窄,差距大,贷款发放率低,监管制度不健全的问题,可以通过完善住房公积金监督机制,提高住房公积金的使用率,加强缴存执法力度来完善我国的住房公积金制度。     

住房公积金现状与改进

问题提出的背景 住房公积金是指国家机关、国有企业、城镇集体企业、外商投资企业、城镇私营企业及其他城镇企业、事业单位及其在职职工缴存的长期住房储金.住房公积金是一种强制性储蓄、定向性使用的社会保障制度,由单位和个人按职工工资比例逐月缴纳.对缴存部分国家实行税前列支,体现了国家、单位、个人三方在住房上应承担的责任.每月由单位和个人缴纳的公积金连同利息均为个人所有,免交利息税及个人所得税.由公积金管理中心统一管理,定向使用.缴存职工在购建房时,可支取公积金.同时,职工还能享受低息贷款,还款期可长达20年.如没有购建房或归还购建房贷款后缴存的那部分公积金退休时可以作为一笔养老补充金.公积金制度建立十年来,为中低收入家庭改善住房条件提供了强有力的金融支持,已成为我国个人住房金融体系的领头羊与核心.     

住房公积金贷款风险防范与对策

住房公积金制度是我国城镇化住房保障制度改革的产物,是住房融资体制创新与发展,是中国特色社会主义保障体制组成部分。住房公积金贷款作为安全优良贷款品种,贷款对象是以单位为其连续缴存公积金为前提条件,具有固定单位和稳定收入在职职工。近年来连续几次贷款利率调整,在以人为本和谐社会的当下,公积金贷款优惠政策越来越明显。住房公积金贷款主要是用于中低收入家庭长期性住房贷款,作为一项中长期贷款品种,其风险具有隐蔽性、滞后性、社会性等一系列特征。     

完善住房公积金制度 发挥住房保障作用：拓展融资渠道，确保公积金安全

住房公积金制度建立十多年来，从筹集资金支持住房建设到发放购房贷款支持住房消费，其功能随住房商品化发展而丰富和变化。发展住房金融，完善住房保障体系，向其提出了拓展功能的新要求。     

论住房制度改革及住房保障的发展

通过系统的回顾我国住房制度改革的发展历史,以及对住房市场和住房保障两条发展路线的梳理,结合福利经济学的观点,提出住房保障是住房市场的必要补充,是对社会财富合理再分配的观点。提出了住房保障应当与住房市场相互协调,住房保障的规模要与经济发展水平、社会发展阶段相适应的相互发展关系。     

‘Housing Poverty’ and Income Poverty in England and The Netherlands

This paper examines whether the distributional consequences of contrasting welfare systems are enhanced, replicated or countered by housing systems in England and the Netherlands. It adopts the monetised concepts of ‘net housing income’ and ‘net housing resources’, which are commensurable with disposable income and income-based measures of poverty. It was found that both housing systems exert a poverty-reducing impact compared to disposable income alone. The absolute reduction is greatest in England, suggesting that its housing system counters the high levels of income poverty produced by the welfare system, although the comparative levels of poverty between the two countries remain unchanged, which may signify that the distribution of disposable income is replicated in housing. However, the synthetic concept of ‘housing poverty’ reveals that the poverty-reducing impact of housing income/ resources arises because by themselves they are distributed far less equally than is disposable income, so creating a much higher rate of ‘housing poverty’. Crucially, ‘housing poverty’ occurs predominantly among those who are not income poor. This allows welfare and housing systems to combine to reduce poverty in an act of progressive dissonance, suggesting a hitherto unexpectedly high degree of independence between the two.     

From Asset Based Welfare to Welfare Housing? The Changing Function of Social Housing in Ireland

This paper examines a distinctive and significant aspect of social housing in Ireland—its change in function from an asset-based role in welfare support to a more standard model of welfare housing. It outlines the nationalist and agrarian drivers which expanded the initial role of social housing beyond the goal of improving housing conditions for the poor towards the goal of extending homeownership, and assesses whether this focus made it more similar to the ‘asset based welfare’ approach to housing found in South-East Asia than to social housing in Western Europe. From the mid-1980s, the role of Irish social housing changed as the sector contracted and evolved towards the model of welfare housing now found in many other Western countries. Policy makers have struggled to address the implications of this transition and vestiges of social housing's traditional function are still evident, consequently the boundaries between social housing, private renting and homeownership in Ireland have grown increasingly nebulous.     

Housing and poverty: a longitudinal analysis

Cross-sectional research suggests that the British housing system weakens the link between income poverty and housing outcomes, but this reveals little about the long-term relationships. We examine the relationship between income poverty and housing pathways over an 18-year period to 2008, and develop consensual approaches to poverty estimation, housing deprivation, and the prevalence of under and over-consumption. We find that chronic poverty is most strongly associated with housing pathways founded in social renting, whereas housing pathways founded in owner-occupation are more strongly associated with temporary poverty. Whilst housing deprivation is disproportionately prevalent among those who experienced chronic poverty, the overwhelming majority of people who experienced chronic poverty avoided housing deprivation. This evidence supports of the notion that the housing system, during this period, weakened the link between poverty and housing deprivation. Therefore it can be characterised as representing a ‘sector regime’ with different distributional tendencies from the wider welfare regime.     

The Relationship between Government Assistance and Housing Outcomes among Extremely Low-income Individuals: A Qualitative Inquiry in Los Angeles

This paper illustrates the relationship between government assistance (housing subsidies and/or welfare payments) and housing outcomes, using qualitative methods and a sample of 25 extremely low-income, homeless women at an emergency shelter in Central Los Angeles. The paper seeks to illustrate three specific patterns (identified within the larger literature) to this complex and multifaceted relationship: (1) that the presence of housing subsidies promotes the most positive outcomes overall, such as stability and independence; (2) that, in the absence of housing subsidies, the predictability and amount of welfare become critical in promoting positive housing outcomes; and (3) housing outcomes are least positive for those lacking both housing subsidies and welfare payments. Results largely conformed to these expectations, although less so for the last pattern.     

Financing Affordable Housing Through Compulsory Saving: The Two-Decade Experience of Housing Provident Fund in China

Housing Provident Fund (HPF), a compulsory saving scheme providing self-funded housing credit, is a significant provider of housing finance in several emerging economies. The Chinese HPF program constitutes the largest social housing finance program in the world. Yet, very few studies have examined it. This paper documents the history of China's HPF program, in particular, how it has evolved from a local experiment to a prominent national housing program. It then examines the program's management structure and the role of HPF lending in meeting China's housing finance needs. The paper also compares China's HPF experience with the HPF practices in other countries. Finally, the paper examines the challenges China's HPF program faces today and the efforts to address them. The paper concludes by discussing some of the broader lessons that can be learned from China's HPF experience.     

Supportive Housing: Justifiable Paternalism?

Scholars have long draw on neoliberalism and paternalism as theoretical frameworks to argue that states have become less generous in providing welfare and housing resources. These theories similarly demonstrate that the resources that are provided are characterized by conditional exchanges, whereby welfare recipients and social housing tenants are required to comply with behavioural conditions. Theoretical critiques of state intervention influenced by neoliberalism and paternalism are broad, but they generally agree that conditional welfare approaches, including social housing, focus on changing individuals living in poverty themselves and not sufficiently changing policy, economic, social and institutional forces that underpin poverty. In light of these theories of state intervention, this article draws on an Australian qualitative study with tenants and service providers in supportive housing. The article shows that supportive housing is positioned as a significant intervention to not only house disadvantaged groups, but rather as an optimistic mechanism to directly improve disadvantaged people’s lives. The article argues that when coupled with long-term housing, a weak form of paternalist welfare for people who have experienced chronic homelessness can be justified.     

Housing ownership and housing wealth: new evidence in transitional China

Ever since housing was transformed from the most important welfare benefit to the most valuable form of private property through radical housing reform in 1998, housing allocation mechanisms in China have been characterized by the coexistence of market logic and socialist legacy. Thus, the Chinese housing system exhibits a transitional nature as the country moves away from a socialist housing system towards a privatized housing system. Using the 2011 Chinese Household Finance Survey, we not only examine these changes in private ownership of housing, but also give an updated evaluation of the privatization process with new empirical evidence. We develop a conceptual framework and an empirical analysis to shed light on distinct housing inequality patterns in transitional urban China. Our results show that both socioeconomic characteristics and socialist institutions contribute to housing inequality, but they follow different paths in the reform and have different impacts on housing inequality.     

Community Land Trusts and Indigenous Housing in Australia—Exploring Difference-Based Policy and Appropriate Housing

Previous work has highlighted the primacy of non-economic rights in Indigenous housing objectives. This paper builds on that work and Sanders' other work demonstrating the limited relevance of ‘mainstream’ home ownership for many Indigenous communities, exploring whether models based on community land trust (CLT) principles might be appropriate for articulating Indigenous housing aspirations. The paper describes current Indigenous housing scenarios in urban, regional and remote New South Wales and Queensland, and findings regarding the resonance of CLTs with Indigenous housing objectives. While dominant policy and public discourses promote Indigenous home ownership as an economic development strategy, or as requiring the alienation of Indigenous lands, the research found neither to be primary sector imperatives. The paper draws on difference-based arguments regarding Indigenous affairs arguing that a focus on diversity emerging from informed Indigenous choice finds a role for policy supporting diverse Indigenous housing aspirations.     

福利国家与住房政策

本文试图通过欧美福利国家系统和住房系统的内在联系,运用欧美学者在１９９０年代中期的最新研究成果,从定性和定量两方面来认识欧美国家的住房政策类型。